SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 1

Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them:
1. This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
3. Section A Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question
carries 1 mark.
4. Section B Questions no. 18 and 19 are Source-based questions. Each question
carries 3 marks.
5. Section C Questions no. 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions. Each question
carries 3 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
6. Section D Questions no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer type questions. Each question
carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
7. Section E Questions no. 29 and 30 are Map-based questions. Each question carries
5 marks.
8. There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice
has been provided in a few questions in all sections other than Section A.
Section A
1. Assertion (A): Human development does not enlarge people’s choices but makes [1]
them fixed.
Reason (R): Development magnifies people’s choices and improves their lives.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

2. Match the following [1]

Column I (Types of Agriculture) Column II (Regions)
(a) Mediterranean Agriculture (i) Tunisia
 (b) Co-operative Farming (ii) Netherlands
(c) Market Gardening and Horticulture (iii) N-E USA
(d) Collective Farming (iv) USSR

a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) b) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d)
- (ii) - (iv)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) d) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d)
- (i) - (i)

3. The West-East Australian National Railway line runs across the country from [1]

a) Perth to Sydney b) Sydney to Alice

c) Melbourne to Sydney d) Alice to Perth

4. Statement I: In India, after independence, some old towns around metropolitan [1]
cities developed as satellite towns.
Statement II: Delhi is a good example of such metropolitan cities.

a) Only statement I is correct. b) Both statements I and II are

correct and statement II is the
correct example of statement I.

c) Only statement II is correct. d) Both statements I and II are

correct, but statement II is not
the correct example of
statement I.

5. Which approach of human development was proposed by the International Labour [1]
Organisation (ILO)?

a) Capability b) Basic need

c) Welfare d) Income

6. What is the hardest mineral? [1]

a) Gabbro b) Basalt

c) Granite d) Diamond
 7. Which of the following is a metallic mineral? [1]

a) Graphite b) Bauxite

c) Coal d) Mica

8. ________ makes people vulnerable to drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism, [1]
escapism, apathy and ultimately social exclusion.

a) Crime b) Social backwardness

c) Criticism d) Poverty

9. Valuable cargo and perishable goods can be transferred through which of the [1]
following modes of transportation?

a) Seaways b) Roads

c) Railways d) Airways

10. Statement I: An uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor. [1]
Statement II: His/her choice has got limited by her lack of education.

a) Both statements are correct, b) Only I is correct

statement II explains statement
I

c) I and II both are incorrect d) Only II is correct

11. Arrange the following countries in sequential order according to the gender gap [1]
index.
Choose the correct option.
i. USA
ii. New Zealand
iii. Spain
iv. Germany

a) ii, iii, i, iv b) ii, iii, iv, i

c) i, iii, iv, ii d) ii, iv, iii, i

12. Which of these factors is the most important consideration for the relationship [1]
between humans and environment?

a) Human brotherhood b) Technology

c) People's perception d) Human intelligence

13. Which of the following options describe water as a resource? [1]

a) Biotic resource and non- b) Biotic and renewable resource

renewable

c) Renewable resource d) Abiotic and non-renewable

resource

14. Choose the correct option of Indian mining towns. [1]

a) Ujjain, Haridwar, Varansasi b) Raniganj, Jharia, Singrauli

c) Prayagraj (Allahabad) Ambala, d) Meerut, Babina, Kanpur

Amritsar

Question No. 15 to 17 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer [3]
the questions:
Study the given graph carefully and answer the following questions:

15. Which of the following aspects is represented by the graph?

a) Place of Origin, Growth and b) Resource, Technology and
Destination Population Growth

c) Institution, Information and d) Classification of period in BC,

Increase in Population AD and Century

16. During the sixteenth and seventeenth century which factor set the stage for rapid
population growth?
a) Expanding world trade b) Technological revolution
 c) Economic reforms d) Age of European exploration

17. After the evolution and introduction of ________ about 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, the size
of population was small-roughly 8 million.
a) Agriculture b) Industrialisation

c) Technology d) All of these

Section B
18. High technology, or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing [3]
activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and
development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an
advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white collar) workers
make up a large share of the total workforce. These highly skilled specialists
greatly outnumber the actual production (blue collar) workers. Robotics on the
assembly line, computer -aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic
controls of smelting and refining processes, and the constant development of new
chemical and pharmaceutical products are notable examples of a high-tech industry.
i. What is the meaning of high tech industries?
ii. Give any two examples of High-tech Industries.
iii. Why technological innovations are important for industries?

19. Study the following map of the Suez Canal carefully and answer the questions that [3]
follow.

i. Name the aountry through which this canal passes.

ii. Name the seas connected by this canal.
 iii. Why is this canal considered a gateway of Europe to the Indian Ocean?

Section C
20. The available water resources in India are getting polluted with industrial, [3]
agricultural and domestic effluents. Justify the statement.

OR
Analyse any three key features of Indian National Water Policy.

21. Study the pie-chart given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Source: Census of India,2011

i. What does the above-given pie chart describe about the adolescent population in
India?
ii. What has an important step taken by the government of India for the
development of the adolescent population?
iii. What are the main problems of an adolescent?

22. Give two reasons for the increase in difference between value of import and exports [3]
trade of India.

23. What are quinary activities? Name the activities included in it. [3]

Section D
24. Discuss the factors influencing mining activity. [5]

25. Describe the role of roads in the economic development of India. [5]

OR
Describe the benefits of water transport over railways.

26. Explain with examples the development of International Trade. [5]

 OR
What are the two types of international trade? Explain characteristics of each.

27. How did Green Revolution bring about grain revolution in some parts of India? [5]

OR
Scope for bringing in additional land under net sown area in India is limited.
Discuss how can we increase cultivated land?

28. Analyze any five measures for establishing ecological balance in the Indira [5]
Gandhi Canal Command Area.

OR
Discuss the programmes designed to reduce regional disparities in India.

Section E
29. On the given political map of the World, seven geographical features have been [5]
marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following
information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near each feature.
A. A major seaport
B. An international airport
C. An important Seaway
D. An area of Mixed Farming
E. Western Terminal of Trans Canadian Railways
F. An area of Nomadic Herding
G. Region of extensive commercial grain agriculture

30. On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of the [5]
following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols:
1. The state with the lowest level of population density
2. The leading state in the production of sugarcane
3. The leading state in the production of coffee
4. Katni : Major bauxite mines
5. Barauni : Oil refinery
6. Paradwip : Major sea port
7. Hyderabad : Major airport
 Solution
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 1
Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)

Section A
1.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq. Dr. Haq has
described human development as development that enlarges people’s choices and
improves their lives. People are central to all development under this concept. All the
developments are moving around the people. These choices are not fixed but keep on
changing. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live
meaningful lives.
The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
2.
(b) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
Explanation:
(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
3. (a) Perth to Sydney
Explanation:
Perth to Sydney
4.
(b) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct example of
statement I.
Explanation:
Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct example of statement I.
5.
(b) Basic need
Explanation:
Basic need
6.
(d) Diamond
Explanation:
Diamond.
The heat and pressure causes the diamonds molecules to change so that they’re so close
together, the molecules can’t move. The closeness of these molecules forms a rigid bond,
therefore making the diamond hard.
 7.
(b) Bauxite
Explanation:
Bauxite
8.
(d) Poverty
Explanation:
Most of the slum population works in low-paid, high risk-prone, unorganised sectors of
the urban economy. Consequently, they are the undernourished, prone to different types of
diseases and illness and deprive of proper education.
9.
(d) Airways
Explanation:
Airways
10. (a) Both statements are correct, statement II explains statement I
Explanation:
Both statements are correct, statement II explains statement I
11.
(b) ii, iii, iv, i
Explanation:
ii, iii, iv, i
12.
(b) Technology
Explanation:
Technology
13.
(c) Renewable resource
Explanation:
Renewable resource.
Water can be considered a renewable material when carefully controlled usage and
temperature, treatment, and release are followed.
14.
(b) Raniganj, Jharia, Singrauli
Explanation:
Raniganj, Jharia, Singrauli
15. (b) Resource, Technology and Population Growth
Explanation:
 Resource, Technology and Population Growth
16. (a) Expanding world trade
Explanation:
Expanding world trade
17. (a) Agriculture
Explanation:
Agriculture
Section B
18. i. High tech industry is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. These industries
make use of application of research and development (R&D) efforts leading to the
manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering nature. In these
industries, the number of white collar workers is more than blue collar workers.
ii. Two examples of High-tech Industries are Computer Industries and Chemical
Industries.
iii. Technological innovations through research and development strategy are an important
aspect of modern manufacturing for quality control, eliminating waste and inefficiency,
and combating pollution.
19. i. Egypt
ii. Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.
iii. Suez canal was constructed in 1869 in Egypt between Port Said in North and Port Suez
in the South. It is a sea level canal without locks and sea water flows freely through it.
It is about 160 km and 11 to 15 metre deep. It provides a direct sea route for Europe in
the Indian Ocean. Therefore, it is considered as a gateway of Europe to the Indian
Ocean.
Section C
20. i. Industry: Water gets polluted by industrial products such as industrial waste, poisonous
gases, chemical residues, smoke, etc.
ii. Agriculture: The use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides leads to runoff
into water bodies. These chemicals can harm aquatic ecosystems and affect water
quality.
iii. Domestic: Domestic waste, including household sewage, is a major source of water
pollution.
OR
i. Irrigation and multi-purpose projects should invariably include drinking water
component, wherever there is no alternative source of drinking water.
ii. Providing drinking water to all human beings and animals should be the first priority.
iii. Measures should be taken to limit and regulate the exploitation of groundwater.
 iv. Both surface and groundwater should be regularly monitored for quality. A phased
programme should be undertaken for improving water quality.
v. The efficiency of utilisation in all the diverse uses of water should be improved.
vi. Awareness of water as a scarce resource should be fostered.
vii. Conservation consciousness should be promoted through education, regulation,
incentives and disincentives.
21. i. The above-given chart shows that the share of adolescents i.e., up to the age group of
10-19 years is about 20.9%, among which male adolescents/constitute 52.7% and
female adolescents constitute 47.3%.
ii. The National Youth Policy is one example that has been designed to look into the
overall development of our large youth and adolescent population.
iii. School dropouts, low intake of nutrients, high rate of maternal mortality of adolescent
mothers, high rate of HIV and AIDS infections, physical and mental disability or
retardedness, drug abuse and alcoholism.
22. In 2010-11 value of imports was ₹ 1,683,467 crore and the value of exports was ₹
1,142,649 crore and the difference was ₹ 540,818 crore. The gap between import and
export values has widened, resulting in a mounting adverse balance of trade.
There are two major reasons for this state of affairs:
i. The hike in prices on the world level
ii. The declining value of Indian rupee in the world market.
23. The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary Sector has replaced most of the primary and
secondary employment as the basis for economic growthQuinary activities refer to the
activities performed by the highest level of decision makers or policy makers. It includes
those activities which focus on the creation, rearrangement and interpretation of existing
and new ideas, data interpretation, and the use and evaluation of new technologies. It
includes highly paid senior business executives, government officials, research scientists,
financial and legal consultants, etc.
Section D
24. Mining activities are influenced by both physical factors as well as economic factors.
These are:
i. Formation, size, depth, grade and the mode of occurrence of deposits. The minerals that
are near to the surface are extracted easily whereas the minerals deep inside the earth
are extracted by underground mining.
ii. Mining activities require sophisticated tools for cutting tunnels, sinking of shaft and
other works. Hence, the availability of technology is another important factor.
iii. Desirable knowledge, cheaper technology, demand of mineral in market, supply of
labour and finance to develop infrastructure is also required.
 iv. Sufficient transport availability to link mining sites with the markets and industries is
also important.
v. Processing machines and industries are also required to process the extracted minerals
and convert them into useful products is also required.
25. Roads serve as the lifeline of Indian trade. They connect the consumers with producers
that are they connect urban and rural centres. Rural centres are producers of agricultural
goods that are consumed by them and are transported to urban centres because they do not
have the production of agricultural commodities. On the other hand, urban centres produce
consumer products and supply them to the rural areas.
The government has categorized various road types which are headed by different
authorities. The largest bulk of transportation and trade is carried out through national
highways that connect major cities, ports and capitals. Although most of India's
international trade is carried out through airways and seaways the construction of border
roads has helped in increasing the trade with the neighbouring countries thus providing an
impetus to international trade.
It was due to the development of roads that the British were able to penetrate and exploit
the interiors of the country. Roads supplement the ports and airways. Ports and airways are
major means of India's international trade, but to connect the interiors to the ports and
airports, a good working connection of roads is must, so that the products which are traded
can circulate within the interiors of the country. Therefore roads play a pivoted role in
connecting all other means of transportation since it is the only means of transportation
that provides door to door service.
OR
Benefits of water transport over railways:
i. It does not require route construction whereas railways requires. The maintenance cost
for water transport is significantly lower compared to rail and road transport. This
makes it an economical choice for transporting goods.
ii. The ocean waters are inter-connected.
iii. It is cheaper over railways and the friction of water is far less. It provides a cost-
effective means of moving goods over long distances.
iv. The energy cost of water transport is also lower than railways.
v. Water transport is suitable for heavy tonnage. Water transport is well-suited for heavy
and bulky goods. Ships can carry large quantities of cargo efficiently and at a lower
cost.
26. Nations trade internationally when there are not the resources or capacity to satisfy
domestic needs and wants domestically. By developing and exploiting their domestic
 resources, countries can produce a surplus. They may use this surplus to buy goods they
need from abroad, i.e. through international trade.
Development of International Trade:
i. In ancient times, transporting goods over long distances was risky, hence trade was
restricted to local markets.
ii. Earlier people spent most of their resources on the basis of necessities-food and clothes.
iii. Only the rich people bought jewellery, costly dresses and this resulted in the trade of
luxury items.
iv. Fifteenth-century onwards, the European colonization began along with the trade of
exotic commodities (a new form of trade emerged which was called the slave trade)
v. After the Industrial Revolution, the industrialised nation imported primary products as
raw material and exported the value-added finished products to the non-industrialized
nations.
vi. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the industrial nations became each other’s
principal customers.
vii. Post World War II, organizations like GATT (WTO) was formed to reduce tariffs to
regulate International Trade.
OR
The two types of international trade are:
1. Bilateral trade: Characteristics -
1. Bilateral trade was highly popular within Finnish business circles, as it allowed the
commission of very large orders, additionally with less stringent requirements for
sophistication or quality, if compared to Western markets.
2. Bilateral trade agreements provides common platform to act a united fashion in other
multilateral platform , like multilateral trade negotiation in the world trade organization
(WTO) and even in global political arena under the UN.
3. It facilitates resources sharing and to have unique voice in the other forums. For
example during 11-17 may 2009 this writer participated in an international workshop on
South Asia economic integration.
4. Bilateral agreements seem to provide instant, mutual gains for each country's own
economy. This observation allows government to work with coalitions supporting
liberalization.
5. It is easy to control international trade on bilateral trade agreements because only two
countries are involved compared to multilateral where many countries may involve.
​2. Multilateral trade: Characteristics-
1. A great variety of products and services available to the world since many countries
will be involved.
 2. Wider markets for the producing country conferring the economies of large - scale
production.
3. The overall growth of trade due to the reciprocal advantages.
4. More exchange of technical knowhow (Transfer of technology)
5. Strength bargaining power against non multilateral nation.
6. Transaction cost will be eliminate because it lowers conversion charges for member
states.
7. Price transparence because of the distorting of exchange rate.
8. Encourage investment to member of states because uncertainty caused by exchange rate
fluctuation are eliminated in country where there is universal currency
27. Green Revolution strategy was introduced to do away with food shortage and import of
foodgrains. In 1965, the total production of foodgrains was 90 million tonnes. It became
essential to increase the cropped area total production and yield per hectare. Wonderful
results were achieved through Green Revolution. The total production of foodgrains in
2015-2016 has increased to above 280 million tonnes. In fact, the Green Revolution has
been a grain revolution.
It is clear from the following table:
Year Foodgrains production (Million tonnes)
1970-71 108.4
1980-81 129.6
1990-91 176.4
2000-01 196.8
2006-07 217.3
2009-10 218.1
2015-16 280.0
i. The use of high yielding varieties of wheat and rice like Kalyan, S-308, Jaya, Ratna,
etc. have led to increased yields per hectare. The yield of wheat rose from 13 quintals
per hectare to 33 quintals per hectare in Punjab. In case of rice, a 45% increase in
productivity was obtained in Andhra Pradesh.
ii. The use of extensive irrigation increased the total production of foodgrains.
iii. Use of chemical fertilisers led to higher yield per hectare.
OR
It may be observed that over the years, there has been a marginal decline in the available
total stock of cultivable land as a percentage to the total reporting area. There has been a
 greater decline of cultivated land, in spite of a corresponding decline of the cultivable
wasteland. There is, thus an urgent need to evolve and adapt land-saving technologies.
i. Land saving technologies can be classified under two heads- Those which raise the
yield of any particular crop per unit area of land; Those which increase the total output
per unit area of land from all crops grown over one agricultural year by increasing land-
use intensity.
ii. The advantage of the latter kind of technology is that along with increased output from
limited land, it also increases the demand for labour significantly. For a land scarce but
labour abundant country like India, a high cropping intensity is desirable not only for
fuller utilisation of land resource but also for reducing unemployment in the rural
economy.
28. Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
i. The first requirement is strict implementation of Water Management Policy which
envisages protective irrigation in Stage 1 and extensive irrigation of crops and pasture
development.
ii. In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops. It shall be
adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops.
iii. The CAD programmes such as lining of water courses, land development and levelling
and warabandi system shall be effectively implanted to reduce the conveyance loss of
water.
iv. The areas affected by water logging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.
v. The Eco-development through afforestation, shelter belt, plantation and pasture
development.
OR
The programmes designed to reduce regional disparities can be classified into two groups
are as follow:
i. Integrated Area Approach and Local Planning: One of the important measures for
reducing regional disparities in India relates to the preparation of integrated plans for
selected areas and to the formation of district plans. Among them, integrated plans for
hill areas, drought-prone areas, tribal areas and areas with a concentration of marginal
and small farmers are worth mentioning.
Hill Area Development Programmes
Tribal Area Development Programmes
Drought Prone Area Programmes
Metropolitan Region Planning
ii. Special Integration in Sectoral Plans: The following programmes, specially designed
to promote balanced regional development were integrated within sectoral programmes
 during different plans.
Community Development Programme
Industrial Location and Regional Development
Intensive Agricultural Development Programme
Section E
29. A. A major seaport (Aden)
B. An international airport (Wellington)
C. An important Seaway (St. Lawrence Seaways)
D. An area of Mixed Farming (North-western Europe)
E. Western Terminal of Trans Canadian Railways (Vancouver)
F. An area of Nomadic Herding (island of Madagascar)
G. Region of extensive commercial grain agriculture (Velds of South Africa)
30. Outline map