Electrical Machines 1

EXPERIMENT NO 7

Bonachita, Qkee Banch B.

BSEE-3C

DC MOTOR WITH COMPOUND EXCITATION, LONG SHUNT

Purposes:
• Start the dc motor with compound excitation
• Record the operation characteristics of the motor with cumulative and
differential excitation Components:
• 1 dc machine stator with assembled commutator rotor and brushes
• 1 DL 10281 Supply module
• 1 DL 10282 Measurement module
• 1 DL 10283 Loads and rheostats
• 1 DL 10284 Adapter support
• 1 DL 10300A Electromagnetic brake with arms
(Weight G = 4N, balance weight g = 1.5N)
Electrical diagram
Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

Procedure
Assemble the group dc motor-brake, by using the stator of the direct current machine completed
with commutator rotor and brushes.
Carry out the circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram relative to the motor with
cumulative excitation (first figure)
Set the supply module DL 10281 for a fixed direct voltage 32V/14A: (selector “a0b” to position
“a” and switch L+/L- to position “0”) and for a variable direct voltage 0-40V/5A (selector “c0d”
to position “c” and control knob to 0%).
Set on the measurement module DL 10282, the ammeter and the voltmeter for direct current
measurements and observe the polarities (+ at red terminal).

Set on the module DL 10283 the starting rheostat RA = (1Ω + 2Ω) for maximum resistance
(control knob to position “b”) and the switch R to position “0” (maximum counterclockwise
rotation): set the shunt excitation rheostat RF = 80 Ω with the minimum resistance (control knob
to position “a”).
Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

Activate the supply module and supply the motor by setting the switch L+/L- to position “1”;
the motor starts and it turns clockwise.
Switch off gradually and completely the starting rheostat RA (control knob to position “a” and
then short circuit the rheostat RA by setting the switch R to position “1”).
Adjust the excitation rheostat RF in such a way that the shunt excitation current is Ie = 0.75A,
that has to remain constant during all the test.
With the rotating group provide to balance the brake: the system is balanced by setting the
wight G = (2+2)N in correspondence of the zero of the graduated scale and by moving the
balance weight g= 1.5 N until the water level shows the horizontal position.
After the group has reached the thermal stability, control the excitation current Ie and measure
the excitation voltage Ue, the voltage U and the supply current I of the motor and the speed N.
The motor is therefore loaded by steps by means of the brake: the load is carried out by moving
the weight G at a distance b from the zero position and therefore, by means of the variable
direct voltage 0-40 V, its excitation current is adjusted until balancing the system again.

By checking that the excitation current is the pre-established on perform the measurements
previously shown for every value of arm b shown in the following table, where also the
measurement indications are therefore written.

U I Ie Pin G B (m) T (Nm) N P (W) η

(V) (A) (A) (W) (N) (rpm) (%)
31.6 1.92 0.75 60.67 4 0.0 0.0 2643 0.00 0.00
31.4 2.78 0.75 87.29 4 0.02 0.08 2413 20.21 23.15
31.4 3.72 0.75 116.81 4 0.04 0.16 2203 36.90 31.59
31.3 4.54 0.75 142.10 4 0.06 0.24 2019 50.73 35.70
31.2 5.58 0.75 174.10 4 0.08 0.32 2222 74.45 42.76
31.2 6.55 0.75 204.36 4 0.10 0.40 2008 84.10 41.15
31.1 7.40 0.75 230.14 4 0.12 0.48 1806 90.76 39.44

Stop the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position “0” and deenergize the brake.
If we foresee a further starting of the motor set the starting rheostat R A to position “b” again
(maximum resistance) and the switch R to position “0” and the excitation rheostat Rf to position
“a” (minimum resistance).
Complete the table with the calculated values of:
Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

-power factor
Pin = UI
-output power
P = 0.1047 TN
-efficiency

η=
Draw on the same diagram the output power P, the speed N, the torque T and the efficiency η
as a function of the absorbed current I.

P (W) -

N (rpm) -

n (%) -

T (Nm) -

Draw on a diagram the mechanical characteristic M = f(n).

Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

After having set the group for a further starting, the motor is set for a differential excitation by
exchanging the connections D1 with D2, as it is shown in the particular (a).
Start the group as we have previously shown and repeat the measurements as we have already
seen for the cumulative excitation, by loading the motor by means of the break by writing the
measured values in the following table
U I Ie Pin G B (m) T (Nm) N P (W) η
(V) (A) (A) (W) (N) (rpm) (%)
31.6 1.91 0.75 60.36 4 0.0 0.0 2902 0.00 0.00
31.5 2.97 0.75 93.56 4 0.02 0.08 2822 23.64 25.27
31.4 4.06 0.75 127.48 4 0.04 0.16 2718 45.53 35.72
31.3 5.16 0.75 161.51 4 0.06 0.24 2614 65.68 40.67
31.2 6.39 0.75 199.37 4 0.08 0.32 2509 84.06 42.16
31.0 7.62 0.75 236.22 4 0.10 0.40 2374 99.42 42.09
30.8 9.05 0.75 278.74 4 0.12 0.48 2279 114.53 41.09

Stop the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position “0” and deenergize the brake.
If we foresee a further starting of the motor set the starting rheostat R A to position “b” again
(maximum resistance) and the switch R to position “0” and the excitation rheostat Rf to position
“a” (minimum resistance).
Complete the table with the calculated values of:
-power factor
Pin = UI
-output power
P = 0.1047 TN
-efficiency

η=
Draw on the same diagram the output power P, the speed N, the torque T and the efficiency η
as a function of the absorbed current I.
Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

P (W) -

N (rpm) -

n (%) -

T (Nm) -

Draw on a diagram the mechanical characteristic M = f(n).

Post Laboratory Questions

1. How does the relationship between armature current and speed in the long-shunt
compound motor compare to that in shunt, separately excited motors and series?
In a long-shunt compound motor, the armature current has only a small impact on speed,
unlike in a series motor where the speed drops a lot with increased current. Shunt and
separately excited motors maintain a pretty stable speed even with current changes. The
compound motor blends the best of both, offering great speed control and plenty of torque.

2. What changes in the motor's performance were observed when the field current was
varied in the or long-shunt compound motor, and how do these changes differ from
those in shunt, separately excited motors and series?
Electrical Machines 1
EXPERIMENT NO 7

When we adjusted the field current in the long-shunt compound motor, the speed dropped
slightly, and the torque went up. This is similar to what happens in a series motor, but the
changes are less dramatic. Shunt and separately excited motors don’t see much speed change
when the field current is adjusted. The compound motor strikes a good balance between
stability and flexibility, handling changes better than a series motor but not as smoothly as a
shunt motor.

3. How did varying the load affect the speed and torque of the or long-shunt compound
motor, and how does this response compare to that of shunt, separately excited motors
and series?
When we added more load to the compound motor, the speed dropped a little, and the torque
increased. This is different from the series motor, which slows down a lot under load. Shunt
and separately excited motors keep their speed pretty steady even with load changes. The
compound motor is in between, offering decent speed control and good torque.

4. Was the or long-shunt compound motor able to maintain a steady speed under varying
loads? How does its load regulation compare with that of shunt, separately excited
motors and series?
The long-shunt compound motor maintained a steady speed as the load changed, though not
as consistently as shunt motors. Its speed dropped a bit with heavier loads, showing it handles
loads better than a series motor. Shunt and separately excited motors are the best at handling
loads, keeping their speed almost the same.

5. What potential sources of error could have influenced the experiment's results? How
might these errors impact the comparison between the motor types?
Possible errors could include measurement mistakes, friction, or motor wear. Friction or wear
in the motor can lead to a drop in speed. These issues might make the compound motor appear
less stable than it actually is.

6. Based on your observations, what practical applications would be most suitable for
short-shunt and long-shunt compound motors compared to shunt, separately excited
motors and series?
Long-shunt compound motors are great for tasks that require strong starting power and fairly
steady speed, like elevators. Shunt motors are better for jobs that need very consistent speed,
like fans. Series motors are perfect for high-torque jobs that need flexible speed, like trains.