GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma in Engineering

Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry

w. e. f. Academic Year: 2024-25

Semester: 1 or 2
Category of the Course: Basic Science Courses

Prerequisite: Fundamental knowledge of Chemistry and basic Arithmetic for simple

calculations.
Rationale: The background of chemistry allows engineers to get the most out of raw elements
in creating fuels, drugs, new and modern materials, construction materials, etc.
needed in wide variety of engineering and technological applications. The in-
depth comprehension of concepts and chemical reactions involved in chemistry
would be applicable in solving the problems of engineering in spectrum of
engineering branches like, Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics Engineering,
Biomedical Engineering, etc. The deep understanding of various topics/ subtopics
of Engineering Chemistry course would enable the diploma engineers to
understand and solve the various engineering problems, developments and
breakthrough in engineering and technology in a very systematic and scientific
way. Engineering chemistry helps to develop and enhance the thinking capabilities
of the diploma pass outs in line with the modern trends in engineering and
technology through the inclusion of various creative activities/micro projects etc.
Many global problems/issues and their in-depth understanding is addressed
through the inclusion of topics of relevance like atomic structure, chemical
bonding and solutions; electrochemistry; corrosion; fuels; lubricants, polymers,
elastomers, insulating materials and semiconductors; electrochemical energy
sources in this course.

Course Outcome:
After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:
No. Course Outcomes RBT Level
Apply the principles of atomic structure, chemical bonding and solutions to R/U/A
01
solve various engineering problems.
Solve engineering problems using the concepts of electrochemistry and R/U/A
02
corrosion.
03 Use relevant fuels and lubricants for domestic and industrial applications. R/U/A

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
Choose various types of engineering materials like polymers, elastomers, R/U/A
04 insulating materials and semiconductors for domestic and industrial
applications.
Select various types of electrochemical devices for domestic and industrial R/U/A
05
applications.
*Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT)

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Total
Teaching Scheme Credits
Assessment Pattern and Marks
(in Hours) L+T+
(PR/2) Total
Marks
Theory Tutorial / Practical
L T PR C ESE PA/CA
PA/CA (I) ESE (V)
(E) (M)
3 0 2 4 70 30 20 30 150

Course Content:
Unit No. of % of
Content
No. Hours Weightage
1. Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding and Solutions 08 17%
Atomic Structure: (12
1.1. Concepts of orbits and orbitals. Marks)
1.2. Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum spin
multiplicity, Aufbau rule.
1.3. Electronic configuration of elements having atomic number 1
to 30.
Chemical Bonding:
1.4. Concept of chemical bond, Octet rule,
Types of chemical bonds :
1.4.1 Ionic (Electrovalent) bond and its characteristics
(Example NaCl.),
1.4.2 Covalent bond and its characteristics
(examples–Non-polar covalent bond: H2, O2, N2, CH4;
Polar covalent bond: HCl, H2O, And
NH3.),

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
1.4.3 Coordinate covalent (Dative) bond
(examples – NH4+, H3O+),
1.4.4 Metallic bond and its characteristics,
1.4.5 Hydrogen bond, its types and significance,
1.4.6 Intermolecular force of attraction (van der Waals bond).
1.5. Structures of solids: Ionic solids, Molecular solids, Network
solids, and Metallic solids.
Solutions:
1.6. Definitions of solute, solvent, solution and concentration,
Modes of expressing concentration of solutions –
Molarity (M = mole/litre), Normality (N), Molality (m), mass
percentage (%w/w), volume percentage (%v/v), mass by
volume percentage (%w/v), mole fraction (), ppm (g/mL).
2. Electrochemistry 07 15%
2.1. Arrhenius theory of ionization. (11
2.2. Electronic concept of oxidation, reduction, and redox Marks)
reactions.
2.3. Degree of ionization () and the factors affecting on it.
2.4. Concept of pH and pOH; pH scale for acids, bases and
neutral solutions, Calculations of pH and pOH for dilute
solutions of acids and bases, Importance of pH in various
fields.
2.5. Buffer solutions, Types of buffer solutions: Acidic buffers
and Basic buffers, Applications of buffer solutions.
2.6. Definition of Electrolytes, Non-electrolytes with suitable
examples, Types of Electrolytes with examples.
2.7. Construction, working, cell-reactions and symbolic
representation of an Electrochemical cell.
2.8. Conditions for a half-cell to be standard.
2.9. Construction and working of Standard Hydrogen Electrode
(SHE).
2.10. Measurement of Standard half-cell potential / Standard
electrode potential (EoR or EoL),
Electrochemical/electromotive force (emf) series, Standard
cell potential (Eocell).
2.11. Construction of Electrolytic cell and Electrolysis.
2.12. Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
2.13. Industrial applications of electrolysis:
2.13.1 Electrometallurgy,
2.13.2 Electroplating,
2.13.3 Electro-refining.
3. Corrosion of metals and its prevention 05 12%
3.1. Definition of Corrosion with example. (8 Marks)
3.2. Dry or Chemical corrosion: Oxidation
corrosion, Corrosion by other gases.
3.3. Wet or electrochemical corrosion: Liberation of H2,
Absorption of O2.
3.4. Galvanic (Bimetallic) corrosion.
3.5. Concentration cell corrosion.
3.6. Pitting corrosion, Waterline corrosion and Crevice corrosion.
3.7. Factors affecting the rate of corrosion: Nature of the metal,
Nature of surface film, Relative areas of the anodic and
catholic parts, Purity of metal, Temperature, Humidity of air,
Influence of ph.
3.8. Preventive measures for internal corrosion and External
corrosion: Modification of environment, Modification of the
properties of metal, Use of protective coatings, Anodic and
catholic protection, Modification in design and choice of
material.
4. Fuels and Combustion 07 14%
4.1 Definition and Classification of Fuels. (10
4.2 Calorific values and their Units. Marks)
4.3 Determination of Calorific value using a Bomb Calorimeter.
4.4 Characteristics of a good fuel.
4.5 Comparison between solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels.
4.6 Theoretical calculation of HCV and LCV of fuel using
Dulong’s formula.
4.7 Solid fuels: Coal, Classification of coal, Proximate and
ultimate analysis of coal.
4.8 Liquid fuels: Petroleum, Origin of petroleum and
classification of petroleum, Refining of petroleum, Petrol and
Diesel-fuel rating (Octane and Cetane numbers), Power
alcohol and Bio-diesel, Chemical composition.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
4.9 Calorific values and Applications of LPG, CNG, and Biogas.
5. Lubricants 04 10%
5.1 Lubricants and Lubrication, Functions of lubricants. (7 Marks)
5.2 Mechanism of Lubrication: Fluid lubrication, Boundary
lubrication.
5.3 Classification of lubricants with examples: Solid,
Semi-solid, Liquid and Synthetic lubricants.
5.4 Physical Properties of lubricants: Viscosity and Viscosity
index, Flash point and Fire point, Cloud point and Pour point,
Oiliness.
5.5 Chemical properties of lubricants: Saponification number,
Neutralization number, Emulsification number.
5.6 Selection of lubricants for different types of Machinery like:
Gears, Cutting tools, Steam turbine, Transformers.
5.7 Biodegradable lubricants.
6. Polymers, Elastomers, Insulating Materials and Semiconductors 08 20%
Polymers: (14
6.1 Definition of Monomer, Polymer, Polymerization, Degree of Marks)
polymerization (n) and Repeating unit.
6.2 Classification of polymers based on Molecular structure:
Linear polymers, Branched polymers, Cross-linked polymers.
6.3 Classification of polymers based on Monomer:
Homo polymer, Co-polymer.
6.4 Classification of polymers based on Thermal behavior:
Thermoplastic polymers and Thermosetting polymers.
6.5 Types of polymerizations:
Addition polymerization and Condensation polymerization
6.6 Preparation (by simple reactions), Properties and Uses of
some thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers:
Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), PolyVinylChloride
(PVC), PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE, Teflon, and Fluon),
Polystyrene (PS), PolyAcryloNitrile (PAN), Bakelite, and
Epoxy resins.
6.7 Biodegradable Polymers: Definition, Chemical composition
and Uses of Poly–β–HydroxyButyrate–co–β–hydroxyl
Valerate (PHBV), Nylon–2–nylon-6.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
Elastomers (Rubbers):
6.8 Natural rubber and its Properties.
6.9 Vulcanization of rubber and its Advantages.
6.10 Synthetic rubbers: Preparation (by simple reactions),
Properties and Uses of Buna-S (GR-S or Styrene) rubber,
Buna-N (GR-A or Nitrile) rubber, Neoprene (GR-M) rubber.
Insulating Materials:
6.11 Definition, Types and Properties of Insulating Materials.
6.12 Applications of Thermal and Electrical insulating materials.
Semiconductors:
6.13 Definition and Classification of Semiconductors.
6.14 Enlist Semiconductor devices.
6.15 Elemental Semiconductors :
Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic Semiconductors (n-type
Semiconductors, p-type Semiconductors).
7. Electrochemical Energy Sources 06 12%
7.1 Batteries: An electrochemical source of energy, Types of (8 Marks)
Batteries: Primary, Secondary and Fuel batteries.
7.2 Construction and Working of Dry cell.
7.3 Construction and Working of Lead-acid storage cell.
7.4 Construction and Working of Nickel-Cadmium battery/cell.
7.5 Fuel cells: Definition and Characteristics, Construction and
Working of Hydrogen-Oxygen fuel cell.
7.6 Biochemical Fuel cells.
7.7 Solar Cells.
100%
Total 45 (70
Marks)

Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)
R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level
24 Marks 32 Marks 14 Marks
- - -
(35%) (45%) (20%)

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as
per Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)
Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist students for their learning and to
teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test items/questions to assess the
attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in
the question paper may slightly vary from above table.

References/Suggested Learning Resources:

(a) Books:
Sr.
Title of Book Author Publication with the place, year and ISBN
No.
1 Engineering Chemistry Jain & Jain Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2015, ISBN: 93-521-6000-2
2 A Textbook of Dr S. S. Dara & S. Chand & Co. (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2014,
Engineering Chemistry Dr S. S. Umare ISBN: 81-219-0359-9
3 Textbook of Chemistry NCERT NCERT, New Delhi, 2017-18, Class-XI,
for Class XI & XII ISBN: 81-7450-494-X (Part-I), 81- 7450-535-
(Part-I & II) O (Part-II), Class-XII, ISBN: 81-7450-648-
9(Part-I), 81-7450-716-7(Part-II)
4 Engineering Chemistry Shikha Agarwal Cambridge Uni. Press, New Delhi,
2019, ISBN: 978-1-108-72444-9
5 Understanding C. N. R. Rao World scientific publishing Co., 2009, ISBN:
Chemistry 9789812836045
6 Engineering Chemistry Dr. Vikram, S. Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2013,
ISBN: 9788126543342
7 Chemistry for Rajesh Agnihotri Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2014, ISBN:
Engineers 9788126550784
8 Fundamental of V. S. Bagotsky Wiley International N.J., 2005, ISBN:
Electrochemistry 9780471700586

(b) Open source software and website:

1. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atommenu.html
2. https://www.visionlearning.com/
3. http://www.chem1.com/

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
4. http://www.em-ea.org/
5. https://ncert.nic.in/
6. http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
7. http://www.rsc.org/
8. https://docslib.org/insulation-materials-science-and-application
9. http://www.olabs.edu.in/
10. http://chemcollective.org
11. http://chemcollective.org/activities/type_page/1
12. http://www.presentingscience.com/vac/corrosion/index.htm
13. https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=2&brch=190

Suggested Course Practical List:

Sr. Unit No.

No. Practical Outcomes (PrOs)

1 Prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid or potassium permanganate. 1

2 Prepare a solution of given concentration in terms of percentage weight by 1
weight (% w/w) of a given compound.
3 Prepare a solution of given concentration in terms of percentage volume by 1
volume (% v/v) of a given compound.
4 Prepare a solution of given concentration in terms of percentage weight by 1
volume (% w/v) of a given compound.
5 Determine the strength of the given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating 1
against standard oxalic acid solution using phenolphthalein indicator.
6 Standardize potassium permanganate solution by standard oxalic acid solution 2
and estimate ferrous ions.
7 Determine pH-Values of given samples of Solution by using Universal 2
Indicator and pH-meter.
8 Determine emf of an electrochemical cell (Daniel cell). 2, 7
9 Determine electrochemical equivalent of copper metal using Faraday’s first 2
law.
10 Determine the rate of corrosion for different metals in the given solution. 3

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
11 Determine the rate of corrosion for metal in the solution of different ph. 3
12 Determine the calorific value of solid or liquid fuel using a bomb calorimeter. 4

13 Determine the percentage of moisture content in the given sample of coal by 4

proximate analysis.
14 Determine the ash content of the given sample of coal by proximate analysis. 4

15 Determine the viscosity of the lubricating oil using a Redwood viscometer. 5

16 Determine the Acid value of the given lubricating oil. 5

17 Determine the Saponification value of the given lubricating oil. 5
18 Determine flash point and fire point of the given lubricating oil using Pensky 5
Martens/Cleveland open cup/Able’s flashpoint apparatus.
19 Prepare Polystyrene and Bakelite. (Any one) 6
Note:
i. Practical Exercises of at least 28 Hrs. should be completed by the end of the term.
ii. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to
develop the industry-relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a
suggestive list.
iii. The following are some sample ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ related skills (more may be
added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises of
this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.
Maximum
Weightage in
Sr. No. Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs Marks for
%
PA/CA (I)
 “Process” related skills
 Prepare experimental setup accurately.
1. 20 4
 Handling of apparatus/glassware for precise measurements.
 Practice and adapt good and safe measuring techniques.
2. 20 4
 Record observations correctly.
 Housekeeping.
3. 20 4
 Observance /Follow safety rules.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
 “Product” related skills
 Does Calculations.
4. 20 4
 Interpret the Results and their Conclusion/s.
 Prepare report of practical in prescribed format.
5. 20 4
 Viva-voce.
Total 100 20

List of Laboratory Equipment’s required:

Practical
No. Equipment’s / Instruments
No.
Electronic Weighing Balance / Digital Weighing 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14,
1
Balance (OR Analytical Balance) 16
2 Digital pH meter 4, 8

3 Voltmeter 5

4 6 V Battery 6

5 Ammeter 6

6 Rheostat 6

7 Dryer 7, 8

8 Hot air oven 9, 10

9 Hot plate with Magnetic stirrer 3

10 Bomb Calorimeter 9

11 Muffle furnace 11

12 Redwood viscometer No.1 12

13 Stop watch 12
Pensky-Marten’s apparatus OR Cleveland
14 15
open cup OR Abel’s flashpoint apparatus

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
Suggested Project List:
1. Prepare a model of an atom with the help of a ball and stick or of any other items.
2. Prepare a PowerPoint animation that can explain the structure of an atom.
3. Prepare a chart showing (1) Atomic number (Z = e- = p+) 1 to 30, (2) Name of the element, (3)
Symbol, (4) Electronic configuration and (5) Condensed Electronic configuration of elements
in tabular form.
4. Prepare a chart of the modern periodic table which gives information about the atomic number
and mass number of different elements.
5. Prepare crystals of common salt from NaCl solution.
6. Form three groups of students in the class. Consider a hypothetical situation of exchanging/
sharing/giving of different items/belongings and demonstrate the type of ionic, covalent, and
co-ordinate bonding amongst the students in a simulated situation. Present your findings.
7. Prepare a chart representing compounds and solutions which affect human life positively and
negatively.
8. Classify the surrounding corrosion into dry corrosion and wet corrosion.
9. Collect different samples of utensils reinforced materials, iron, copper, brass, bronze, and other
alloys. Place them in an open environment under tin shade. Observe the corrosive properties
over a period of four weeks. Record your observations. Discuss the findings with your teacher
and classmates.
10. Collect three metallic strips of Cu, Al and Fe. Place them in different acidic and alkaline
solutions of the same concentration. Observe and record the loss in weight of metals due to an
acidic and alkaline environment. Discuss the findings with your teacher and classmates.
11. Prepare a model to demonstrate the application of electrolysis.
12. Collect fuel samples from different sources and prepare a chart showing their calorific values
and uses.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
13. Collect samples of petrol, kerosene, diesel, any edible oil, coconut oil. Find out the flash point
and fire point, cloud point and pour point, and viscosity of the same. Compare the properties
and justify their use in relevant applications.
14. Depending on the type of machinery, the load applied, speed of the machine, heat generated,
etc., select the appropriate lubricant which can be applied to the machinery. Discuss with your
teachers and classmates and present the same.
15. Make a table showing the availability of natural rubber in India and show places on the map of
India.
16. Prepare a chart showing (1) name & formula of the Polymer, (2) name and formula of the
Monomer/s used to prepare that polymer, (3) simple reaction equation for Preparation of
polymer, (4) Properties in short and (5) Uses in tabular form.
17. Collect different polymers and prepare the chart/ PowerPoint based on their type, properties,
and uses.
18. Do mapping of energy resources in India.
19. Collect data of various electrochemical cells (batteries) used in equipment’s and devices and
available in the market and prepare a report on it.
20. Classify Semiconductors with examples. Enlist Semiconductor Devices. Also collect
Semiconductors.
Suggested Activities for Students:
1. Prepare a Power point presentation or animation showing different atomic structures and
different types of chemical bonds.
2. Calculate pH of acid solutions and base solutions having different concentrations.
3. Prepare a chart showing different methods used for the prevention of corrosion.
4. Show theoretical calculations of HCV and LCV of fuel using Dulong’s formula.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Diploma in Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Sem 1: Electrical/Information Technology/Power Electronics Engineering
Sem 2:Bio-Medical/Computer/Electronics & Communication/Computer
Science & Engineering/ICT/CACDDM/Renewable Energy
Subject Code: DI01000071
Course / Subject Name: Engineering Chemistry
5. Do market survey of different types of lubricating oils and compare their physical properties
and chemical properties.
6. Do library survey regarding polymers, synthetic rubbers, insulating materials and
semiconductors used in different industries.
7. Do market survey of different batteries and differentiate primary and secondary batteries.

*******

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