ENGINEERING MECHANICS

(MEE11002)

Mechanics is the area of mathematics and physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among
physical objects

Dr. Tirupataiah Kasani, Assistant Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
Syllabus (3-0-0)
Introduction
Definition: The branch of physical science that deals with the state of rest or the state of motion is termed as MECHANICS

Application of laws of mechanics to field problem is termed as ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Mechanics of Solids Mechanics of Fluids

Mechanics of rigid bodies Mechanics of deformable bodies

The mechanics of rigid bodies The mechanics of rigid bodies

dealing with the bodies at rest is dealing with the bodies in
termed as STATICS motion is termed as DYNAMICS

Kinetics Kinematics
Engineering mechanics is the application of mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering
elements. The goal of the engineering mechanics course is to solve problems in mechanics as applied to
plausibly- real-world scenarios.
Introduction
Fundamental laws of Mechanics
➢ Newton’s First Law
➢ Newton’s Second Law
➢ Newton’s Third Law
➢ Newton’s Law of Gravitation
The point of application of a force can be
➢ Law of Transmissibility of Forces moved anywhere along its line of action
➢ Parallelogram Law of Forces without changing the external reaction
forces on a rigid body

Ɵ⁃α
α
Derived law
Derived law
Triangle law of forces
If two forces acting on a body are represented one after another by the sides of a triangle, their resultant is
represented by the closing side of the triangle taken from the first point to the last point.
Force
Definition
Force is the action of one body on another. A force tends to move a body in the direction of its action. The action
of a force is characterized by its magnitude, by the direction of its action, and by its point of application. Thus
force is a vector quantity.

Force has the following basic characteristics

i) Magnitude
ii) Direction
iii) Point of application
iv) Line of action
Force is represented as a vector i.e. an arrow with its magnitude.

E.g. for the force shown in Fig. 2.1, the magnitude of the force is 4KN,
the direction is 40° with the horizontal in the fourth quadrant, the point of
application is C and the line of action is AB.
System of forces
in same
in one plane
Quiz
Resolution of forces
Principle of resolution
The algebraic sum of the resolved parts of a number of forces in the given direction is equal to the resolved part
of their resultant in the same direction.
 Composition of forces
Composition of Forces
The process of finding out the resultant force of a number of given forces is called the composition/compounding
of forces.

Parallelogram law
If two forces acting simultaneously on a particle is represented
in magnitude and direction by two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram, their resultant may be represented in magnitude
and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram which
passes through the point of intersection
Rectangular components of forces
Principle of superposition
This principle states that the combined effect of a force system acting on a particle or a rigid body is the sum of the effects
of individual forces.
Consider two forces P and Q acting at A on a boat as shown in Fig. Let R be the resultant of these two forces P and Q.
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the boat will move in the direction of the resultant force R with acceleration
proportional to R. The same motion can be obtained when P and Q are applied simultaneously.
 Problem
Q) Find the resultant of the force system shown

?
 Problem
Q) Tension in cable BC is 725 N. Determine the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of
beam AB.
Problem
Q) The two forces P and Q act on a bolt at A. Determine their resultant (magnitude and direction)

Parallelogram law Triangular law

Trigonometric equations
Free Body Diagram
Free body diagram
The diagram of the body in which the body under consideration is freed from all contact surfaces and is shown with all the
forces on it (including self-weight, and reactions from other contact surfaces) is called the free body diagram (FBD).
Characteristics of free body diagram:-
1.It is a diagram or sketch of a body.
2.The body is shown completely separated from all other bodies.
3.The action on the body of each body removed in the isolating process is shown as a force or force on the diagram.
FBD

Ball

Disc

Ladder
Moment of a force
The turning effect of force is known as the moment of force. It is the product of the force multiplied by the
perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the pivot or point where the object will turn.
• The point about which the moment is considered is called the Moment Centre
• The perpendicular distance of the point from the line of action of the force is called Moment’s arm
Equilibrium
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is defined as the condition of a body, which is subjected to a force system whose resultant force is equal to
zero. It means the effect of the given force system is zero and the particle or rigid body is said to be in equilibrium.
▪ For example, a particle subjected to two forces will be in equilibrium when the two forces are equal in magnitude,
opposite in direction and act along the same line of action as shown in Figure above.

Equilibrant: Equilibrant is a single force which when added to a system of forces brings the status of equilibrium.
Hence this force is of the same magnitude as the resultant but opposite in sense.

Equations of equilibrium for a concurrent, coplanar force system

The resultant of a concurrent, coplanar force system is a single force through the point of concurrence. When the resultant
force is zero, the body on which the force system acts in equilibrium.
M: Moment
H: Horizontal direction forces (X-axis)
V: Vertical direction of forces (Y-axis)
 Equations of equilibrium for a concurrent, coplanar
force system
The resultant of a concurrent, coplanar force system is a single force through the point of concurrence. When the resultant force
is zero, the body on which the force system acts is in equilibrium.
Consider the force system as shown in the figure:
If the sum of the x components of the forces of the system is equal to zero, the resultant
can act only along the y axis.
If in addition, the sum of the y components of the forces of the system is equal to zero, the
resultant must be zero. Consequently, one complete set of equations of equilibrium for a
concurrent, coplanar force system is
∑ Fx = 0, ∑ Fy = 0
Again, if the sum of the x components of the forces of the system is equal to zero, the
resultant can be only a force along the y axis and if the sum of the moments of the forces
of the system with respect to an axis through A is equal to zero where A is any point not
on the y axis is not zero. Thus, another set of equations which assure equilibrium for this
system is Fig: Equilibrium of concurrent and coplanar Force system
∑ Fx = 0, ∑ MA = 0
Where A is not on the y axis.
When a concurrent, coplanar force system contains more than two
In a similar manner, a third set of independent equations can be shown to be
unknowns, they cannot all be determined from the equations of
∑ MA = 0, ∑ MB = 0
equilibrium alone, and the force system is said to be statically
Where line AB does not pass through the point of concurrence of the forces of the system.
indeterminate.
There are only two independent equations of equilibrium for a concurrent, coplanar force
For a collinear force system, two equations reduce to one equation,
system. When a force system of this type contains not more than two unknowns (two
∑ Fx = 0
magnitudes, one magnitude and one slope, or two slopes), they can be determined directly
Where the x-axis is parallel to the forces.
from the equations of equilibrium.
Likewise, Moment Equations can be reduced to the equation
∑ MA = 0
Problem
100 N
Problem
Problem
LAMI’S Theorem
It states that,” If three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium each force will be proportional to the sine of the angle
between the other two forces.”
Suppose the three forces P, Q, and R are acting at a point O and they are in equilibrium as shown in Fig

Let α = Angle between force P and Q.

β = Angle between force Q and R.
γ = Angle between force R and P.
Then according to Lami’s Theorem,

𝑃 𝑄 𝑅
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 β 𝑆𝑖𝑛 γ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 α
Problem
Find the magnitude of the force P, required to keep the 100 kg mass in the position
by strings as shown in the Figure
Moment of a force about a point and an axis
Rectangular components of a moment
Problem
Find the moment of ''F'' about each of the axes using a vector approach and scalar approach
Problem
Calculate the magnitude of the moment about the base point O of the 600 N force
Varignon’s theorem
It states that the moment of resultant of all the forces in a plane about any point is equal to
the algebraic sum of the moment of all the forces about the same point.

Case 1:
The moment of a force in a plane about any point is equal
to the sum of the moments of components of the force
about the same point.
Case 2:

Mo = R x d = P x d1 + Q x d2
Assignment problems

Find TAC and TBC

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