Subject: Information Technology

Class 10
Basic ICT Skills-II
Topic: Operating System

1. What is an operating System?

Answer - An operating system acts as an interface between user and computer
hardware. E.g., Windows, Linux, Unix.

2. Mention any five functions of operating system.

Answer –
1. It manages all the devices of a computer and keeps track of status of the
device, whether it is busy or not.
2. It also checks whether the device is functioning properly or not.
3. It also controls software resources of the computer.
4. It manages the computer memory and keeps track of which memory space is
in use by which program and which space is free.
5. It manages the structure of the files and directories on a computer system.

3. Name some operating systems for computer.

Answer –
1. DOS 3. UNIX
2. Windows. 4. LINUX

4. Name some operating systems for Mobile.

Answer –
1. Android 3. Symbian
2. Windows phone. 4. iOS

5. What is the name given to the screen appears after windows operating
system is loaded?
Answer- Desktop

6. Small scale images on the desktop are called icons.

7. Two special icons on the desktop are Recycle Bin, Computer.
8. Icon that provides access to all drives, folder and files on a computer
system Computer.
9. Name the button to the left of the taskbar. Start button.
10. Picture for the desktop background is called wallpaper.
11. What is multi-user operating System?
Answer – A Multi-User operating system enables multiple users to work on the
same computer at different times or simultaneously.

12. What is real time operating system?

Answer – A real time operating system is used to control machinery, scientific
instruments like robots, in complex animations and computer controlled
automated machines. A real – time operating system is a computing environment
that reacts to input within a specified period of time.

13. What is Distributed Operating System?

Answer – It runs on a set of computers that are interconnected by a network. It
combines different computers in the network into a single integrated computer
and storage location.

14. What do you mean by drag and drop?

Answer – Moving an item from one location to another with the help of mouse
button. This is called drag and drop.

15. Difference between Hardware and Software?

Answer – A computer system consists of two main parts – Hardware and
Software
a. Hardware – Hardware is a physical part of a computer system. We can feel and
touch the hardware devices. example – CPU, Mother Board, Hard Disk, Keyboard,
Mouse, Printer etc.
b. Software – Software related to the programs which perform different types of
tasks on the computer system. Program is a collection of Instructions. It also helps
the computer to perform the specific task. Example – Open Office Base,
Spreadsheet, Presentation etc.

16. What is BIOS?

Answer – BIOS stands for Basic Input/ Output System, It helps the computer
system to identify (Self-test) the peripheral devices which are connected to the
computer system and helps computers to load Operating System properly.
 Topic – File concept, operation and directory structure

1. What are files and folders in a computer system?

Answer –
a. File – File is a collection of information different types of files store different
types of information. Every file has a file name and extension that identifies the
type of file.
b. Folder – Folder is a collection of files or a group of files.

2. Write the extension for the following.

a. A Notepad file
b. A Sound File
c. An image file
Answer - Extensions are
a. .txt
b. .mp3
c. .jpg

3. The file name and file name extension are separated by a dot (.).

4. Write the steps to create folder on desktop?

Ans. The steps to create folder on desktop are:
1. Right-click on desktop and then choose the ‘New Folder’.
2. Type the name of the folder.

5. Write the shortcut command for the following.

a. Cut - CTRL+X d. Undo – CTRL +Z
b. Copy – CTRL + C e. Redo – CTRL + Y
c. Paste – CTRL + V f. Select all – CTRL + A

6. Mention the ways to create a folder.

Answer – (i) right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right column. A short-
cut menu appears. Select new folder from the short-cut menu. A new folder is
created with name “New folder” highlighted. Type a name for the folder press
enter key.

7. To change the name of the existing folder – Rename Option.

8. How can you delete a folder?

Answer – (i) Click the file or the folder.
(ii) Press the delete key.

9. Differentiate between moving and coping a folder.

Answer-
Coping- duplicate of the original folder is created at the new location, the original
remains as it is.
Moving – original folder moved to new location.

10. Place where the deleted files are placed – Recycle Bin.

11. How can you empty the Recycle - bin.

Answer – Double click the Recycle-Bin window. When it appears, click empty
Recycle-Bin Window.

12. Option for permanently deleting the files and folders – shift delete.

Topic – Computer Care and Maintenance

1. What is the possible cause of slowing down of computer?

Answer: possible causes are as follows –
• If regular maintenance if regular maintenance of computer system is not
done properly.
• Infected by computer virus, malware and other harmful software.
• A large number of files are stored on the computer. These files can be
disorganised and fragmented may result in slowing down of computer
system.
• Disk corruption or fragmented hard disk.
• Low available memory (RAM).

2. Why Keyboard should be covered if not in use?

Answer: to protect it from dust.

3. What general precautions should you take while cleaning the computer
components?
Answer: General precautions to be taken while cleaning the computer
components –
• Always power off the computer system before cleaning.
• Never spray cleaning fluid directly on the component of the computer. First
spray the liquid on the cloth and then wipe the component.
• Do not allow the cleaning liquid to drip near the circuit board.

4. List some of the maintenance activities for the computer system.

Answer: some of the activities are-
• Keep the components of the computer like keyboard mouse etc clean.
• Replace hardware that is not functioning properly.
• Keep food items away from the computer.
• Cables and cord should not be messed up.
• Remove unauthorised software from the computer.
• Take regular backup of the data.
• Run anti-virus periodically.
• Do not overcharge the batteries.
• Keep all your software up-to-date.
• Always shut down the computer properly.

5. Why regular disk defragmentation should be done?

Answer: To remove unnecessary information that slows down the computer.
It helps the disc space to be used at an optimal level.

6. How to increase Computer performance?

Answer – We frequently install a large number of applications, which slows
down the computer. Always attempt to uninstall unnecessary applications,
temporary files, and antivirus software updates.

7.Mention few ways in which a computer gets infected with virus.

Answer: following are the ways –
• Infected files.
• Infected pen drives.
• Infected CD/DVD-ROMS.
• Through infected file attachments of e-mails.

8. common sign of virus attack.

• Computer runs very slow.
• Change in the size of file.
• Computer often stops responding.
• Computer restarts on its own.
• There is an unusual increase in the number of files.
• Unusual error message appears on the screen.

9. how can you prevent your computer from virus infection.

Answer: following are the points-
• Install and use anti-virus software.
• Keep anti-virus software updated.
• Scan all the files that you download from the internet.
• Do not open emails from an un-known person /sender.
• Don’t allow any untrustworthy person to use your system.
• Never use unknown pen drive /CD on your computer.
• Never click on the windows that pop-up when you are surfing on the
internet.

10. what is Anti-Virus Software? Name any two commonly used Anti-
Virus software.
Answer: A program designed to detect and remove malicious programs from
the computer. Some examples are –
• McAfee Virus Scan
• Norton Anti-Virus.
• Microsoft Security essentials.
• Quick Heal.
• Avast Anti-Virus.

11.What are cookies?

Answer: Cookies are small files which are stored on a user’s computer when
you visit a website on the internet. These files are designed to hold data
specific to a particular client and website.

12. What is Firewall?

Answer: A firewall is both hardware or software or a network security system
that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
user-defined security rules.