DSSS(Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum)

4351104 : Mobile & Wireless Communication

Introduction EXPLANATION Advantages
DSSS is one of the key forms of
Spread Spectrum Modulation, In a cellular wireless communication network, the coverage is divided into cells, each Security: Since the signal is spread using a pseudo
which involves spreading a signal having a base station (BS) to transmit and receive signals with mobile stations (MS's) random code, only receivers with the correct code can
over a wider bandwidth than the within the cell. The signals are then relayed via a mobile switching center to the back haul decode the message, providing a level of security against
original signal. In DSSS, the data switching network, which handles call processing and billing etc. When a mobile station eavesdropping.
signal is multiplied by a traverses a cell boundary, it is required that the user be connected to another base station Multiple Access Capability: DSSS allows multiple users
pseudorandom noise (PN) for better link quality. The process of switching base stations is called hand off. For to share the same frequency band (as in CDMA), by using
sequence, which is a high-rate terrestrial wireless transmission in cellular and PCS communication services, the mobile different pseudo random codes for different users.
binary sequence. This process radio channel may suffer from impairments such as multiple-access interference, multipath
spreads the data over a wide fading, shadowing, and distance path loss. Multiple access interference and multipath
fading can be effectively mitigated by advanced signal processing techniques such as
Disadvantages
frequency band. When transmitted,
multi-user detection, diversity combining , and error control techniques . Complexity: Implementing DSSS requires more complex
the signal appears as noise to an
circuitry for spreading and despreading the signal, which
unintended receiver .
can increase the cost and power consumption of devices.
DSSS has its roots in military communication systems, especially
Bandwidth Inefficiency: DSSS uses a larger amount of
during World War II.DSSS was during the development of
bandwidth than the actual data rate, which can be
frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum methods for secure
communication by actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George considered inefficient in terms of spectrum utilization,
especially in crowded bands.
Antheil in 1941.
TYPE OF DSSS Applications
Standard DSSS: The fact that CDMA has become the fact technology Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b): One of the early Wi-Fi standards,
This is the most common form of DSSS, where a data signal for the third generation wire systems motivates the 802.11b, uses DSSS for data transmission. It spreads the
is directly multiplied by a pseudorandom noise (PN) development of better handoff schemes. Different from signal across a wider band, reducing interference and
sequence to spread the signal across a wider bandwidth. the signal detection procedure in soft handoff, we improving security.
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) DSSS: propose a fusion handoff approach in which the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): In mobile
CCK is a variation of DSSS used in Wi-Fi standards information from all the base stations in the active communication systems (3G, for instance), CDMA relies
(specifically IEEE 802.11b) to increase the data rates while handoff cell set is comb detection error using data heavily on DSSS to allow multiple users to share the same
still leveraging the benefits of DSSS. fusion rules. Instead of communicating detection frequency band without interfering with each other.
Multicarrier DSSS (MC-DSSS): decisions, each base station only calculates and GPS (Global Positioning System): GPS signals use DSSS
In this variation, the DSSS signal is transmitted over multiple transmits the sufficient statistic to a switching center, to provide robust and accurate location data, even in the
carriers or subcarriers, similar to the principle behind which performs the signal detection using appropriate presence of interference or signal jamming attempts.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). combining of the information diversity distributed
among different base stations.

Prepared by :
Guided by :
226040311023 Malek Adnan Mohammad
Mr. Ketan S Patel(GIA) 226040311024 Maniyar Devash Bharatbhai
Mr. Sachin T Darji (SFI)
236048311004 Chauhan Kishan T