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Date : 02-02-2025 STD 12 Science Physics Total Marks : 51

ch -1,2 test

SECTION A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options.[1 Marks Each] [15]

1. ————— gives the information on field strength, direction, and nature of

the charge.
(A) Electric current. (B) Electric flux.
(C) Electric field. (D) Electric potential.
Ans. :
c. Electric field.
Explanation:
Electric field gives the information on field strength, direction, and nature of the
charge.

2. A thin insulator rod is placed between two unlike point charges +q1​ and q2​.
For this situation tick the correct alternative (s):

(A) The total force acting on charge +q1​will increase.

(B) The total force acting on charge −q2​ will increase.
(C) The total force acting on charge −q2​will decrease.
(D) The force acting on charge +q1​ due to −q2​will remain same.

Ans. :
d. The force acting on charge +q1​ due to −q2​will remain same.
Explanation:
q1 (− q2 )
Without rod the force between two charges isF = 4πϵ0 r
where ϵ0 = permittivity of
free space
q1 (− q2 )
When rod inserted between charges, the forceF = 4πϵ
where ϵ = permittivity of
insulator medium.

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 Since ϵ0 ​> ϵso F' > F

3. Insulation breakdown may occur at _______?

(A) High temperature (B) Low temperature
(C) At any temperature (D) Depends on pressure
Ans. :
a. High temperature
Explanation:
At high temperatures, electrons of insulators get excited and then the electrons can
overcome the large energy band gaps between valence and conduction bands. So a
large number of electrons travel to the conduction band and they act as conductor
i.e. insulation breakdown occurs.

4. If a positively charged sphere is taken close to another uncharged sphere

then which of the following statements is true?
(A) Induction and attraction occur simultaneously.
(B) Induction occurs before the attraction.
(C) Attraction occurs before induction.
(D) Attraction or repulsion may occur.

Ans. :
b. Induction occurs before the attraction.
Explanation:
If two bodies are taken close to each other, a positively charged body induces a
negative charge on another body and then they attract each other. So, induction
occurs before attraction. This phenomenon is also true for magnetic induction.

5. Sometimes you get a mild spark when you touch the metal surface of a car.
What might be the reason?
(A) Due to magnetic attraction, a spark is created.
(B) Due to electrostatic charge residing on the metal as well as on skin, mild spark is
observed.
(C) Car tries to become neutral by donating electrons.
(D) Its the only path to ground.

Ans. :
b. Due to electrostatic charge residing on the metal as well as on skin, mild
spark is observed.
Explanation:
Negative electric charge often resides on the surface of metal of car. When you
touch the car, electrostatic discharge occurs via your body and you get a mild spark.

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 6. Unlike charges _____ each other.
(A) Attacks. (B) Repels.
(C) Both a and b. (D) None.

Ans. :
a. Attacks.
7. An electric line of force in the xy−plane is given by equation x2 + y2 = 1. A

particle with unit positive charge, initially at rest at the point x = 1, y = 0 in

the xy−plane.
(A) Not move at all.
(B) Will move along straight line.
(C) Will move along the circular line of force.
(D) Information is insufficient to draw any conclusion.
Ans. :
c. Will move along the circular line of force.
Explanation:

Charge will move along the circular line of force because x2 + y2 = 1 is the equation

of circle in xy−plane.

8. As the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero, the total charge
contained in the closed surface is also:
(A) Unity. (B) Zero. (C) Positive. (D) Negative.

Ans. :
b. Zero.
9. A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. It will travel:
(A) Always along a line of force.
(B) Along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero.
(C) Along a line of force, if it has some initial velocity in the Direction of an acute
angle with the line of force.
(D) None of the above.
Ans. :
b. Along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero.
10. Consider the following statements and select the correct option:
i. In an external electric field, the positive and negative charges of a
non–polar molecule are displaced in opposite directions.
ii. In non –polar molecules displacement stops when the external force
on the constituent charges of the molecule is balanced by the

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 restoring force.
iii. The non–polar molecule develops an induced dipole moment.
(A) I and II. (B) II and III.
(C) I and III. (D) I, II and III.
Ans. :
d. I, II and III.
11. The work done against electrostatic force gets stored in which form of
energy?
(A) Thermal energy
(B) Kinetic energy
(C) Potential energy
(D) Solar energy

Ans. :
c. Potential energy
Explanation:
The work done against electrostatic force gets stored in the form of potential energy.

12. What is the unit of electric potential difference?

(A) Volt (B) Coulamb (C) Joul (D) Watt
Ans. :
a. Volt
Explanation:
Unit of electric potential difference is volt(V).

13. Mark the correct options:

(A) A diode valve can be used as a rectifier.
(B) A triode valve can be used as a rectifier.
(C) A diode valve can be used as an amplifier.
(D) A triode valve can be used as an amplifier.
Ans. :
a. A diode valve can be used as a rectifier.
b. A triode valve can be used as a rectifier.
d. A triode valve can be used as an amplifier.
Explanation:
A diode valve and a triode valve allow current to flow only in one direction. Since a
rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (bi-directional) into direct
current (uni-directional), a diode valve and a triode valve can be used as rectifiers. A
triode valve can control its output in proportion to the input signal. That is, it can act

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 as an amplifier, whereas a diode valve cannot control its output in proportion to the
input signal. So, it cannot be use as an amplifier.

14. Which of the following is / are true about the principle of Van de Graaff
generator?
(A) The action of sharp points.
(B) The charge given to a hollow conductor is tranferred to outer surface and is
distributed uniformly over it.
(C) It is used for accelerating uncharged particle.
(D) Both (a) and (b).
Ans. :
d. Both (a) and (b).
15. A parallel plate capacitor is charged to a certain voltage. Now, if the dielectric
material (with dielectric constant k) is removed then the
(A) Capacitance increases by a factor of k
(B) Electric field reduces by a factor k
(C) Voltage across the capacitor decreases by a factor k
(D) None of these

Ans. :
d. None of these
Explanation:
As the capacitor is charged by using cell so potential as well as filed between the
plates become constant.
For removing dielectric the capacitance becomes C/ k. Thus capacitance decreases
by a factor of k.

* Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ [3]

16. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false and R is also false.
Assertion (A): As force is a vector quantity, hence electric field intensity is
also a vector quantity. Reason (R): 'Tile unit of electric field intensity is
newton per coulomb.

Page 5
 Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The electric field intensity is equal to force experienced by unit positive test
charge q0 placed at that point i.e.
⃗
⃗
thus E⃗ is also a vector quality,
F
E =
q
0

As, E =
F newton
= .
q coulomb

17. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, and R is also false.
Assertion (A): Electric potential of the earth is zero. Reason (R): The
electric field due to the earth is zero.
Ans. :
c. A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
Earth is a good conductor of very large size. When some small charge is given to
earth, its potential does not change. Hence potential of earth is assumed to be zero.
It is just like sea level which does not alter materially when water is added to it or
removed from it. Thus, the potential of all other bodies are measured with reference
to the earth. Forth is, if the connection of a charged body to the ground by a metallic
conductor would cause electrons to flow to that body from ground, the body is at
positive potential. Conversely, is also true. ln either case the conductor is neutralized
and brought to zero potential. ln fact the atmosphere does possess significant
electric field.

18. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, and R is also false.
Assertion (A): Increasing the charge on the plates of a capacitor means
increasing the capacitance. Reason (R): Capacitance is directly proportional

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 to charge.
Ans. :
d. A is false, and R is also false.
Explanation:
On increasing the charge, potential increases. But capacity of a capacitor is fixed by
ϵ0 A
geometry of condenser (C =
d
). Capacitance is independent of charge.

SECTION B

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [6]

1. An electric dipole of dipole moment 20 × 10-6C is enclosed by closed surface.

What is the net electric flux coming out of this surface?

Ans. : Zero.
Reason: Net charge enclosed by surface = Net charge on dipole = q - q = 0
Total electric flux = net charge enclosed = 0
1
∴ ×
ϵ0

2. The distance of the field point, on the equatorial plane of a small electric
dipole is halved. By what factor does the electric field due to the dipole
change?
Ans. : For small dipole, E equator
=
1

4πϵ0
p

3
r
∝
1
3
r

When r is halved, the electric field strength become 8-times of the original field.

3. The graph shown here shows the variation of total energy (E) stored in a
capacitor against the value of the capacitance (C) itself. Which of the two: the
charge on capacitor or the potential used to charge it, is kept constant for
this graph?

Ans. : The given graph represents, E ∝ C

1

2
q
This is satisfied by the expression, E = 2C
∝
1

C
for constant q.
That is, the charge (q) is kept constant.

SECTION C

* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [27]

Page 7
1. A spherical shell made of plastic, contains a charge Q distributed uniformly
over its surface. What is the electric field inside the shell? If the shell is
hammered to deshape it without altering the charge, will the field inside be
changed? What happens if the shell is made of a metal?

Ans. : As the shell is made of plastic, it is non-conducting. But as the charge is distributed
uniformly over the surface of the shell, the sum of all the electric field vectors at the centre
due to this kind of distribution is zero. But when the plastic shell is deformed, the
distribution of charge on it becomes non-uniform. In other words, the sum of all the
electric field vectors is non-zero now or the electric field exists at the centre now.
In case of a deformed conductor, the field inside is always zero.

2. State Gauss's theorem in electrostatics. Apply this theorem to derive an

expression for electric field intensity at a point near an infinitely long straight
charged wire.
Ans. :
1. Statement: Net electric flux through to a closed surface is equal to
1

ε∘
times the total net charge enclosed within the surface.
q
(If the student just writes ∮ E. ds =
∈∘
, award )
2. Diagram:-

3. Derivation:-
¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
∮ E. ds ∫ E . d s̄ 1 + ∫ E . ds2 + ∫ E . ds3

s1 s2 s3

= 0 + 0 + 2πrℓ

Also, q = λ ℓ (where λ is charge per unit length)

q
OR
1
(E). (2πrℓ) = λℓ E2πrℓ
ε∘ ε∘
 q
OR .
λ
E = E =
2πε∘ r 2πε∘ rℓ

3. A charge of 1.0C is placed at the top of your college building and another
equal charge at the top of your house. Take the separation between the two
charges to be 2.0km. Find the force exerted by the charges on each other.
How many times of your weight is this force?
Ans. : Given:
q1 = q2 = q = 1.0C

Distance between the charges, r = 2km = 2 × 103 m

By Coulomb's Law, electrostatic force,
q q
1 1 2
F = 2
4π∈0 r

9 1×1
F = 9 × 10 × 2
3
(2×10 )

3
= 2.25 × 10 N

Let my mass, m, be 50kg.

Weight of my body, W = mg
⇒ W = 50 × 10N = 500N

Now,
Weight of my body
500
= 3
Force between the charges 2.25×10

1
=
4.5

So, the force between the charges is 4.5 times the weight of my body.

4. Assume that each atom in a copper wire contributes one free electron.
Estimate the number of free electrons in a copper wire having a mass of 6.4g
(take the atomic weight of copper to be 64g mol-1.

Ans. : 64 grams of copper have 1 mole

6.4 grams of copper have 0.1 mole
1 mole = No atoms
0.1 mole = (no × 0.1) atoms

= 6 × 1023 × 0.1 atoms = 6 × 1022 atoms

1 atom contributes 1 electron

6 × 1022 atoms contributes 6 × 1022 electrons.

5. Consider a sphere of radius R with charge density distributed as

ρ(r) = kr for r ≤ R

= 0 for f > R.

Find the electric field at all points r.

Ans. : The expression of charge density distribution in the sphere suggests that the
electric field is radial.
Let us consider a sphere S of radius R and two hypothetic spheres of radius r < R and r
 > R.
Let us first consider for point r < R, electric field intensity will be given by,

→ →
1
∮ E .d S = ∫ ρdV
ϵ0

Here dV = 4πr dr
2

→ →
1 3
⇒ ∮ E .d S = 4πK ∫ r dr (∵ ρ(r) = Kr)
ϵ0

4
2 4πK r
⇒ (E)4πr =
ϵ0 4

We get, E = 1

4ϵ0
Kr
2

As charge density is positive, it means the direction of E is radially outwards.

Now consider points r > R, electric field intensity will be given by
→ →
1
∮ E .d S = ∫ ρdV
ϵ0

4
2 4πK 3 4πK R
⇒ E(4πr ) = ∮ r dr =
ϵ0 ϵ0 4

Which given, E =
K r

4ϵ0 2
r

Here also the charge density is again positive. So, the direction of E is radially outward.

6. The potential V due to a charge distribution at a point (x, y) is given by V = -x2

+ 3y
Calculate the electric field, in magnitude and direction, due to this charge
configuration at the point (1, 1).

Ans. : V = −4x
2
+ 3y

∂V ∂V
∴ Ex = − = +8x and Ey = − = −3
∂x ∂y

∴ Total E⃗ = 8x^
i − 3^
j

⃗ −−−− −−− −− −−N

∴ |E| = √(8)2 + (3)2 = √73
C

Also angle θ, which E

⃗
makes with x-axis, is given by,
Ey
3
tan θ = = − = −0.375
Ez 8

−1
θ = tan (−0.375)

7. The two graphs are drawn below, show the variations of electrostatic
potential (V) 1

r
(r being the distance of field point from the point charge) for
two point charges q1 and q2.
 i. What are the signs of the two charges?
ii. Which of the two charges has the larger magnitude and why?

​
Ans. :
i. The potential due to positive charge is positive and due to negative
charge, it is negative, so, is q1 positive and q2 is negative.
1 q
V =
4πε0 r

ii. The graph between V and 1

r
is a straight line passing through the origin
with slope
q
,
4πε0

As the magnitude of slope of the line due to charge q2 is greater than that due to q1 ,

q2 has larger magnitude.

8. Three point charges +Q, -2Q and -3Q are placed at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side l.
If these charges are displaced to the mid points A1, B1 and C1 respectively,
calculate the amount of work done in shifting the charges to the new
locations.
Ans. : Work done to put the three charges at A, B and C,

Q(−2Q) Q(−3Q) 2Q(3Q)

1
Uinitial = [ + + ]
4πε0 l l l

2
1 1Q
= .
4πε0 l

Work done to take the three charges to position A 1 , B1 and C1 ,

Q(−2Q) Q(−3A) 2Q(3Q)

1
Uinitial = [ l
+ l
+ l
]
4πε0
2 2 2

2
1 2Q
= .
4πε0 l

Work done to shift the charges to the new locations is:

 2
1 2Q
W = Ufinal − Uinitial = −
4πε0 l

9. A cylindrical capacitor has two co-axial cylinders of length 15cm and radii
1.5cm and 1.4cm. The outer cylinder isearthed and the inner cylinder is given
a charge of 3.5µC. Determine the capacitance of the system and
the potential of the inner cylinder. Neglect end effects (i.e., bending of field
lines at the ends).
Ans. : Length of a co-axial cylinder, I = 15cm= 0.15m
Radius of outer cylinder, r1 = 1.5cm = 0.015m

Radius of inner cylinder, r2 = 1.4cm = 0.014m

Charge on the inner cylinder, q = 3.5µC = 3.5 x 10-6 c

Capacitance of a co-axial cylinder of radii r1 and r2 is given by the relation,
2πϵ0 I
C = r
1
log
r
2

Where,

ϵ0 = Permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10-12 N-1 m-2 C2

−12
2π×8.85× 10 ×0.15
∴ C =
0.15
2.3026 log ( )
10 0.14

−12
2π×8.85× 10 ×0.15 −10
= = 1.2 × 10 F
2.3026×0.0299

Potential difference of the inner cylinder is given by,

q
V =
C
−6
3.5×10 4
= −10
= 2.92 × 10 V
1.2×10

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