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square_rectangle_notes

The document provides formulas for calculating the perimeter and area of various 2D shapes including triangles, quadrilaterals, rectangles, squares, parallelograms, rhombuses, trapeziums, circles, and regular polygons. It includes specific formulas for each shape, along with properties such as angle sums and relationships between diagonals. Additionally, the document contains exercises with answers related to these geometric concepts.

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duvva sarawani
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

square_rectangle_notes

The document provides formulas for calculating the perimeter and area of various 2D shapes including triangles, quadrilaterals, rectangles, squares, parallelograms, rhombuses, trapeziums, circles, and regular polygons. It includes specific formulas for each shape, along with properties such as angle sums and relationships between diagonals. Additionally, the document contains exercises with answers related to these geometric concepts.

Uploaded by

duvva sarawani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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www.byjusexamprep.

com

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2-Dimensional (2D) Mensuration formula

1. Triangle

a, b and c are the sides of a triangle ABC, then


I. Perimeter = a + b + c
II. Sum of all three angles of the triangle is 180° i.e. ∠A + ∠B + ∠C =
180°
III. a. When length of the sides of the triangle are given, then

Area of the triangle =

Where,

b. When base and height of the triangle is given, then

If base and height of a triangle be b and h, then

1
Area of the triangle = = ×b×h
2

2. Quadrilateral
a. General Quadrilateral:

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AB, BC, CD and DA are the sides of the quadrilateral, then


I. Perimeter = AB + BC + CD + DA
II. Sum of all four angles of the quadrilateral = 360° i.e. ∠A + ∠B + ∠C
+ ∠D = 360°
III. If BD is a diagonal and AM and CN are the perpendiculars on it from the other two vertices,
then
1
Area of the quadrilateral = × BD(AM + CN)
2

b. Rectangle

I. Each of the internal angle of a rectangle = 90°


i.e. ∠A = 90°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 90° and ∠D = 90°
II. Area of rectangle = length x breadth
III. Perimeter = 2(length + breadth)
IV. Let d1 and d2 are diagonals of the given rectangle ABCD, then both diagonals will be equal
but not perpendicular to each other.
V. Path around outside the rectangle: Suppose there is a park having length l and breadth b.
There is a road of width x outside of it.

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Area of path = 2(l + b + 2x)


VI. Path around inside the rectangle: Suppose there is a park having length l and breadth b.
There is a road of width x inside of it.

Area of path = 2x (l + b – 2x)

VII. Path along both the length and breadth inside the park: Suppose there is a park having
length l and breadth b. There is a road of width x along both the length and breadth inside the
park.

a. Area of the path = x(l + b – x)


b. Remaining area of Rectangle (shaded region) = (l–x)(b-x)

c. Square

I. Each of the internal angle of square = 90°


i.e. ∠A = 90°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 90° and ∠D = 90°
II. Area of square = side2
III. Perimeter = 4 × a
IV. Both diagonals of the squares will be equal and perpendicular to each other.

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d. Parallelogram: Let a and b are the sides, h is the height and d1 and d2 are the diagonals of
parallelogram

then,
I. In parallelogram, opposite angles are same and
sum of the two consecutive angles = 180°
II. a. Area of parallelogram = Base × height

b. Area of parallelogram =

c. Area of parallelogram =

II.

e. Rhombus:

I. In Rhombus, opposite angles are same and


sum of the two consecutive angles = 180°
II. In Rhombus, diagonals are not equal to each other but they bisect each other at 90°.
III. a. Area = Base × height = a x h

b. Area
Note: In rectangle, parallelogram, square and Rhombus diagonals bisect other.

f. Trapezium

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g. Cyclic Quadrilateral

In Cyclic Quadrilateral, sum of opposite angles = 180°

3. Circle

Given a circle of radius ‘r’, then


I. Perimeter = 2πr
II. Area = πr2
III. Sector: In this circle, ‘r’ is the radius, θ is the angle made by the arc of length ‘l’

a. Length of arc (l) =

b. Area of sector = =

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IV. Segment
a. Area of minor segment

b. Area of major segment

4. Regular Polygon
a. Regular Polygon: Let, n = no. of sides of regular polygon and a = length of side of the regular
polygon

I. Sum of internal angle of regular polygon


II. sum of all external angle = 360º

III. Internal angle of regular polygon =

IV. External angle of regular polygon

1 𝜋
V. Area of Regular polygon = na2cot ( )
4 𝑛

b. Regular Hexagon
Assume the side of regular hexagon be ‘a’

I. Circumradius ® = a

II. Inradius (r) =


III. Area of regular
√3 2
hexagon = 6×( a)
4

Exercise:
1. The minute hand of a big wall clock is 35 cm long. Taking π = 22/7, find the length of the arc,
its extremity moves in 18 seconds is?

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2. If the diameter of a circle is increased by 8%, then its area is increased by?
3, The length of the diagonal of a rectangle is 26 cm and that of one side is 10 cm. What is the
area of this rectangle?
4. If the length of a rectangle is decreased by 11% and the breadth is increased by 11%, its area
will undergo?
5. In a rectangle, length and breadth are in the ratio of 5 : 2. If the perimeter of the rectangle is
126 cm, find the length of the rectangle.
Answers:
1. 1.1 cm
2. 16.64%
3. 240 sq cm
4. 1.21% decrease
5. 45 cm

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