CLASS IX MATHEMATICS

S.No. NAME OF CHAPTER

1 NUMBER SYSTEM
2 POLYNOMIAL
3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
4 LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO
VARIABLES
5 EUCLID GEOMETRY
6 LINES & ANGLES
7 TRIANGLES
8 QUADRILATERAL
9 CIRCLES
10 HERONS FORMULA
11 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
12 STATISTICS

NUMBER SYSTEM
IMPORTANT POINTS:
• The numbers of the form p/q, where „p‟ and „q‟ are integers and q≠0, are called rational numbers.
• A rational number p/q is said to be in simplest form, if „p‟ and „q‟ are integers having no common
factor other than 1 and q≠0.
• Every rational number can be expressed as decimal. If the decimal expression of p/q terminates, then
it is called a terminating decimal.
• A decimal in which a digit or a group of digits repeats periodically, is called a recurring decimal. 
The decimal expression of a rational number is either terminating or non-terminating recurring.
• The decimal expression of an irrational number is „non-terminating and non-recurring‟.  All
rational and all irrational numbers form the collection of all real numbers.
• The process of converting the irrational denominator of a number by multiplying its numerator and
denominator by a suitable number, is called rationalization.

EXAMPLES: MCQs
1. 3√6 + 4√6 is equal to:
a) 6√6 b)7√6 c)4√12 d)7√12
Answer: b
3√6 + 4√6 = (3 + 4)√6 = 7√6
2. √6 x √27 is equal to:
a) 9√2 b)3√3 c)2√2 d)9√3
Answer: a

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 = (3 × 3)√2
= 9√2
3. Which of the following is equal to x3?
a) x6 – x3 b)x6.x3 c)x6/x3 d)(x6)3
6 3 6–3 3
Answer: c x /x = x =x

4. Which of the following is an irrational number?

a) 0.14 b) 0.1416 c) 0. 1416 d)0.4014001400014…

Answer: d
0.4014001400014…is an irrational number as it is non-terminating and non-repeating.
5. 2√3+√3 =
a) 6 b)2√6 c)3√3 d)4√6
Answer: c 2√3+√3 = (2+1)√3= 3√3.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Add 2√2+ 5√3 and √2 – 3√3.

Solution:
(2√2 + 5√3) + (√2 – 3√3)
= 2√2 + 5√3 + √2 – 3√3
= (2 + 1)√2 + (5 – 3)√3
= 3√2 + 2√3
2. Simplify: (√3+√7) (√3-√7).
Solution:
(√3 + √7)(√3 – √7)

Using the identity (a + b)(a ,

(√3 + √7)(√3 – √7) = (√3) – (√7) =
3–7
= -4
3. Rationalize the denominator of 1/[7+3√3].
Solution:
=1/(7 + 3√3)
By rationalizing the denominator,
= [1/(7 + 3√3)] [(7 – 3√3)/(7 – 3√3)]
= (7 – 3√3)/[(7)2 – (3√3)2]
= (7 – 3√3)/(49 – 27)
= (7 – 3√3)/22

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
MCQs

1. The decimal expansion of an irrational number may be:

a) Terminating b)Recurring
c)Either terminating or non- recurring d) non-terminating and non-recurring
2. What would be the denominator after rationalizing 7/(5√3 – 5√2)?
a) 19 b)20 c)25 d)None of these
3. In between two rational number there is/are:

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 a) Exactly one rational number b)Infinitely many rational number
c) Many irrational numbers d)Only irrational numbers

a) ¼ b)½ c)4
4. √12 X √15 is equal to: d)1/16
a) 5√6 b)6√5 c)10√5
5. Which of the following is irrational? d)√25
a) 0.14 b) 0.1416 c) d)0.4014001400014…
6. Which of the following is irrational?
4 1
9 3
a) b) c) d)
7. The product of a rational and an irrational numbers is:
a) Always an integer b)Always a rational number c)Always an irrational number b)
Sometimes rational and sometimes irrational
8. √6 x √27 is equal to:
a) 9√2 b)3√3 c)2√2 d)9√3
ASSERTION- REASONING QUESTION
1. Assertion: √5 is an irrational number.
Reason: A number is called irrational, if it cannot be written in the form p/q, where p and q
are integers and q≠0
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d) both assertion and reason are false.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Simplify: (√5 + √2)2
2. Identify a rational number among the following numbers :
2 + √2, 2√2, 0 and π
Simplify: (4+√3)(4-√3)
3 .
4 Find a rational number between 1 and 2.
5 Write a rational number equivalent to 5/9 such that its numerator is 25.
6 Find two rational numbers between 1/3 and 2/5

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POLYNOMIALS
(I) Key points:

Meaning of a Polynomial Degree of a polynomial

Coefficients

Monomials, Binomials etc.

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Constant, Linear, Quadratic Polynomials etc.
Value of a polynomial for a given value of the variable Zeroes of a polynomial
Remainder theorem Factor theorem
Factorization of a quadratic polynomial by splitting the middle term Factorization of algebraic expressions

by using the Factor theorem

Algebraic identities – (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2

(x – y)2 = x2 – 2xy + y2

x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)

(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy (x + y)

(x –y)3 = x3 – 3x2y + 3xy2 – y3 = x3 – y3 – 3xy (x – y)

x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)

x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)

x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)

EXAMPLES:

1) MCQ-

(i) Which one of the following is a polynomial?

Answer: (C)

(ii) On factorizing x + 8x + 15, we get :

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(A) (x + 3) (x – 5) (B) (x – 3) (x + 5) (C) (x + 3) (x + 5 ) (D) (x – 3) (x – 5)

Answer: (C)

(iii) On dividing x – 2x – 15 by (x – 5), the quotient is (x + 3) and

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remainder is 0. Which of
the following statements is true?
(A) x2– 2x – 15 is a multiple of (x – 5)
(B) x2– 2x – 15 is a factor of (x – 5)
(C) (x + 3) is a factor of (x – 5)
(D) (x + 3) is a multiple of (x – 5)
Answer: (A)

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(iv) The value of the polynomial 2x2+ 3x- 4 at x = 0 is:

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) – 4 (D) 4

Answer: (C)

(v) The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = –1 is-

(A) – 6 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) –2 Answer: (A)

2) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

(i) Give an example of a monomial and a binomial having degrees of 82 and 99, respectively.

Solution: An example of a monomial having a degree of 82 = x82An example of a binomial having a degree
of 99 = x99 + x.

(ii) Find the value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at x = 2 and x = –1.

Solution: Let the polynomial be f(x) = 5x – 4x2 + 3

Now, for x = 2, f(2) = 5(2) – 4(2)2 + 3

=> f(2) = 10 – 16 + 3 = –3

Or, the value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at x = 2 is -3.

Similarly, for x = –1, f(–1) = 5(–1) – 4(–1)2 + 3

=> f(–1) = –5 –4 + 3 = -6

The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at x = -1 is -6.

(iii) Compute the value of 9x2 + 4y2 if xy = 6 and 3x + 2y = 12.

Solution: Consider the equation 3x + 2y = 12

Now, square both sides:

(3x + 2y)2 = 122

=> 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2 = 144

=>9x2 + 4y2 = 144 – 12xy

From the questions, xy = 6 So,

9x2 + 4y2 = 144 – 72

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Thus, the value of 9x2 + 4y2 = 72.

3) PRACTICE QUESTIONS:

(A) MCQ‟S QUESTIONS:

Q1. √2 is a polynomial of degree is -

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) ½

Q2. Degree of the polynomial 4x4 + 0x3 + 0x5 + 5x + 7 is -

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 7

Q3. Degree of the zero polynomial is-

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) Any natural number (D) Not defined

Q4. If p(x)= x2- 2√2x +1, then p(2√ 2) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 4√2 (D) 8√2+ 1

Q5. The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = –1 is-

(A) – 6 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) –2

(B) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Q 6.. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 15, 𝑎𝑏 = 14 then find 𝑎2 + 𝑏2.

Q7. Check whether (7 + 3x) is a factor of (3x3 + 7x).

Q8. Factorise x2 – 1 – 2a – a2.

Q9. Expand (𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 3𝑐)2

Q10. Expand (3𝑎 – 4b)3

Q11. Classify the following polynomials as polynomials Monomial, Binomial, Trinomial, Polynomial
etc.

(i) 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 (ii) 𝑦3 – 5𝑦 (iii) 𝑥𝑦

(iv) 𝑥2 – 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 + 1

Q12. Factorise: 𝑥3 – 64

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 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
(I) Important Points
In the Cartesian plane, the horizontal line is called the x-axis and the vertical line is called
the y-axis,

• The coordinate axes divide the plane into four parts called quadrants,

• The point of intersection of the axes is called the origin,

• Abscissa or the x-coordinate of a point is its distance from the y-axis and the

Ordinate or the y-coordinate is its distance from the x-axis,

• (x, y) are called the coordinates of the point whose abscissa is x and the ordinate is y,

• Coordinates of a point on the x-axis are of the form (x, 0) and that of the point and
the y-axis is of the form (0, y),
EXAMPLES:

1) MCQ‟S-

1) The name of the horizontal line in the Cartesian plane which determines the position of a point is
called:
a. Origin b. X-axis c. Y-axis d. Quadrants
Answer: b

2) The name of the vertical line in the Cartesian plane which determines the position of a point is
called:

a. Origin b. X-axis c. Y-axis d. Quadrants

Answer: c

3) The section formed by horizontal and vertical lines determining the position of the point in a Cartesian
plane is called:

a. Origin b. X-axis c. Y-axis d. Quadrants

Answer: d

4) The point of intersection of horizontal and vertical lines determining the position of a point in a Cartesian
plane is called:

a. Origin b. X-axis c. Y-axis d. Quadrants

Answer: a

5) If the coordinates of a point are (0, -4), then it lies in:

a. X-axis b. Y-axis c. At origin d. Between x-axis and y-axis

Answer: b

2) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

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 Q6. Which of the following points lie on y-axis?
A(1,1), B(1,0), C(0,1), D(0,0), E(0,-1), F(-1,0), G(0,5), H(-7,0), I(3,3).

Answer: C(0,1), D(0,0), E(0,-1), G(0,5)

Q7. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they lie, if:

1) Ordinate is -5 and abscissa is 3.

2) abscissa is -5 and ordinate is -3. Answer: IV & III quadrant.
Q8. Take a rectangle ABCD with A(-6,4), B(-5,2), C(-3,3), D(-,4). Find it‟s mirror image with respect to
xaxis.
Answer: A(-6,-4), B(-6,-2), C(-2,-2), D(-2,-4)
3) PRACTICE QUESTIONS:

(A) MCQ‟S QUESTIONS:

1) If the coordinates of a point are (3, 0), then it lies in:

a. X-axis b. Y-axis c. At origin d. Between x-axis and y-axis

2) If the coordinates of a point are (-3, 4), then it lies in:

a. First quadrant b. Second quadrant c. Third quadrant d. Fourth quadrant

3) Points (1, 2), (-2, -3), (2, -3);

a. First quadrant b. Do not lie in the same quadrant c. Third quadrant d. Fourth quadrant

4) If x coordinate of a point is zero, then the point lies on:

a. First quadrant b. Second quadrant c. X-axis d. Y-axis

ASSERTION & REASON BASED QUESTION:

Q5. Assertion: The abscissa of a point (5, 2) is 5.

Reason: The Ʇ distance of a point from y-axis is called its abscissa.

Directions: Choose the correct answer out of the following choices :

(A) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but Reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but Reason is correct statement.

(B) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Q6. Find the coordinates of the point

a) Whose ordinate is -4 and lies on y-axis.
b) Whose abscissa is 5 and lies on x-axis.

Q7. A point lies on x-axis at a distance of 9 units from y-axis. What are its coordinates? What will be the
coordinates of a point, if it lies on y-axis at a distance of -9 units from x-axis?

Q8. What will be reflections of D(-2, -3) in x-axis and y-axis?

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 Q9. In the given figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. The coordinates of vertices B
and C are (3,0) & (-3,0) respectively. Find the coordinates of its vertex A. Also, find
its area.
Q10. Plot the points ( -1 , -1 ) , ( 2 , 3 ) and ( 8, 11 ) and show that they are collinear.

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LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

Important points:

● Any equation which can be written in the form ax + by+ c = 0, where a, b and c are real
numbers a≠0, b≠0 is called a linear equation in two variables.

● An ordered pair (x ,y)is the solution of linear equation in two variables if this point satisfies
the linear equation ax + by + c = 0.

● Examples of line are equation in two variables 2x-4y+6 , x+10y, etc.

● A linear equation has a unique solution when there exists only one point which satisfies the
linear equation.
● Equation of x-axis is y=0 because in x-axis, y coordinates are always zero and the coordinate
form of any point on x-axis will be (x, 0).

● Equation of y-axis is x =0 because at y-axis x-coordinates are always zero and the coordinate
form of any point on y-axis will be (0 , y

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Examples –
MCQ TYPES OF QUESTIONS:
1. Which points given below satisfy the equation 2x + 3y = 12?

A. (-6, 8) B. (6, -8) C. (3, 2) D.( − 4, 5)

Ans. A

2. Which of the following is a linear equation in one variable?

A. 2x + 3y = 0 B. x2 = 5x + 3 C. 5x = y2 + 3 D. 2x + 5 = 11

Ans. D

3. The cost of book (x) exceeds twice the cost of pen (y) by 10 rupees. This statement can be
expressed as linear equation as:

A. x -2y-10=0 B. 2x-y-10=0 C. 2x+y-10=0 D. x-2y+10=0

Ans. A

4. The linear equation 2x – 5y = 7 has

(A) unique solution (B) Two solutions (C) Infinitely many solutions (D) No solution

Ans. C

5. Assertion: (2,1) is a solution of 2x + 3y = 7

Reason: If Ordered pair (p, q) lies on the line then it is one of the solutions of line ax + by +
c = 0.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for the assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are false but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

C) Assertion is correct but reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and reason are false.

Ans. A

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1.Find the points where the graph of the equation 3x + 4y = 12 cuts the x-axis and the y-axis.

Ans. The graph of the linear equation 3x + 4y = 12 cuts the x-axis at the point where y = 0.
On putting y = 0 in the linear equation, we have 3x = 12, which gives x = 4. Thus, the required
point is (4, 0).
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2. Determine the point on the graph of the equation 2x + 5y = 20 whose x-coordinate is 2
times its ordinate.

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 Ans. As the x-coordinate of the point is times its ordinate, therefore, x = y. Now putting
value of x in 2x + 5y = 20, we get, y = 2. Therefore, x = 5. Thus, the required point is (5, 2).

3. At what point does the graph of the linear equation x + y = 5 meet a line which is parallel
to the y-axis, at a distance 2 units from the origin and in the positive direction of x-axis.

Ans. The coordinates of the points lying on the line parallel to the y-axis, at a distance 2 units
from the origin and in the positive direction of the x-axis are of the form (2, a). Putting x = 2,
y = a in the equation x + y = 5, we get a = 3. Thus, the required point is (2, 3).

4. Draw the graph of the equation represented by the straight line which is parallel to the
xaxis and is 4 units above it.

Ans.

5. Let y varies directly as x. If y = 12 when x = 4, then write a linear equation. What is the
value of y when x = 5.

Ans. This shows that y = 3x

Hence, at x = 5 we get y = 15.

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE: MCQ

TYPES OF QUESTIONS:
1. The positive solutions of the equation ax + by + c = 0 always lie in the (A) 1st
quadrant (B) 2nd quadrant (C) 3rd quadrant (D) 4th quadrant
2. x = 5, y = 2 is a solution of the linear equation
(A) x + 2 y = 7 (B) 5x + 2y = 7 (C) x + y = 7 (D) 5 x + y =7 3.
How many linear equations in x and y can be satisfied by x = 1 and y = 2?
(A) Only one (B) Two (C) Infinitely many (D) Three
4. Any point on the line y = x is of the form
(A) (a, a) (B) (0, a) (C) (a, 0) (D) (a, – a)
5. Assertion: The graph of y = b is always parallel to x- axis.
Reason: The graph of y = 6 is a line that passes through the origin.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for the assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are false but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
C) Assertion is correct but reason is false.
D) Both Assertion and reason are false.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1.How many solution(s) of the equation 2x + 1 = x – 3 are there on the:

(i) Number line (ii) Cartesian plane

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 2. Show that the points A (1, 2), B (– 1, – 16) and C (0, – 7) lie on the graph of the linear
equation y = 9x – 7.

3. For what value of c, the linear equation 2x + cy = 8 has equal values of x and y for its
solution.

4. The following observed values of x and y are thought to satisfy a linear equation. Write the
linear equation:

x 6 −6 y −2 6
Draw the graph using the values of x, y as given in the above table. At what points the graph
of the linear equation

(i) cuts the x-axis (ii) cuts the y-axis

5. If the point (3, 4) lies on the graph of 3y = ax + 7, then find the value of a.

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EUCLID’S GEOMETRY
Important Points -

Points, Line, Plane or surface, Axiom, Postulate and Theorem, The Elements, Shapes of

altars or vedis in ancient India, Equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth Postulate,

Postulates

1. A straight line may be drawn from any point to any other point.

2. A terminated line (line segment) can be produced indefinitely.

3. A circle may be described with any centre and any radius.

4. All right angles are equal to one another.

5. If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it,

taken together less than two right angles, then the the two straight lines if produced

indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is taken together less than two

right angles

Euclid’s axioms

(1) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another.

(2) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.

(3) If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal.

(4) Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.
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(5) The whole is greater than the part.

(6) Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another.

(7) Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.

Examples

MCQ

1. Euclid’s fifth postulate is

(A) The whole is greater than the part.

(B) A circle may be described with any centre and any radius.
(C) All right angles are equal to one another.

(D) If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of
it taken together less than two right angles, then the two straight lines if produced
indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles.

Solution : Answer (D)

2: John is of the same age as Mohan. Ram is also of the same age as Mohan. State

the Euclid’s axiom that illustrates the relative ages of John and Ram

(A) First Axiom (B) Second Axiom

(C) Third Axiom (D) Fourth Axiom

Solution : Answer (A)

3. Euclid divided his famous treatise “The Elements” into :

(A) 13 chapters (B) 12 chapters (C) 11 chapters (D) 9 chapters

ANS A) 13 CHAPTERS

4. The number of dimensions, a solid has :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

Short answer type questions

1 .Write whether the following statements are True or False?

Justify your answer

1Euclid‟s fourth axiom says that everything equals itself.

Ans True. Things equal to the same thing are equal.

QUESTION FOR PRACTICE

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 1.The number of dimensions, a solid has :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

2.. It is known that if x + y = 10 then x + y + z = 10 + z. The Euclid’s axiom that illustrates

this statement is :

(A) First Axiom (B) Second Axiom

(C) Third Axiom (D) Fourth Axiom

3. Which of the following needs a proof ?

(A) Theorem (B) Axiom (C) Definition (D) Postulate

4. Euclid belongs to the country :

(A) Babylonia (B) Egypt (C) Greece (D) India

5.Assertion and reason

2) Assertion: Through two distinct points there can be only one line that can be drawn.
Reason: . . From this two point we can draw only one line
a) both Assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for Assertion
b) both Assertion and reason are correct but reason is not correct explanation for Assertion
c) Assertion is correct but reason is false
d) both Assertion and reason are false Short answer type

6.Ram and Ravi have the same weight. If they each gain weightby 2 kg, how will their new
weights be compared ?

7 If a point C lies between two points A and B such that AC = BC, then prove that AC =BC‟
then prove that AC=1/2 AB. Explain by drawing the figure.

8.Write postulate 1 in your own words.

9. If A, B and C are three points on a line, and B lies between A and C then prove that AB +
BC = AC.

10. : Solve the equation a – 15 = 25 and state which axiom do you use here.

Answers 1) C 2 .(B) 3(A) 4 (C) 5 (A) 6) Ram and Ravi are equal in weight.

10.Euclid’s second axiom).or a = 40

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LINES AND ANGLES

Basic Terms and Definitions on Lines and Angles
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Line Segment: A line that has two endpoints is called a line segment.

Ray: A line with one endpoint and the other end of the line extending up to infinity is called a ray.

collinear points: When three or more points lie on the same line, they are said to be collinear.

Angle: An angle is formed by two rays meeting at a common point (called a vertex), and the rays forming the
angle are called arms of the angle.
Acute Angle: An angle that measures between 0° and 90° is called an acute angle.
Obtuse angle: An angle that measures between 90° and 180° is called an obtuse angle.
Right angle: An angle that is equal to 90° is called a right angle.
Reflex angle: An angle greater than 180° but less than 360° is called a reflex angle.

: Types Of Angles
Complementary angles: When sum of two angles is equal to
90°

Supplementary angles: When sum of two angles is equal to 180°.

Adjacent angles: Two angles with a common vertex, a common arm and their
non-common arms on different sides of the common arm.

Linear pairs of angles: When 2 adjacent angles are supplementary, i.e. they
form a straight line (add up to 180 ), they are called a
linear pair.
Vertically opposite angles: When two lines intersect at a
point, they form equal angles that are vertically opposite
to each other.

Parallel lines with a transversal

A line that intersects two or more lines is called a transversal.
∠1 = ∠5, ∠2 = ∠6, ∠4 = ∠8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠3 = ∠7(Corresponding
angles)
∠3 = ∠5, ∠4 = ∠6 (Alternate interior angles)
∠1 = ∠7, ∠2 = ∠8 (Alternate exterior angles)
Interior angles on the same side of the transversal are referred to as consecutive interior angles, allied angles, or
co-interior angles.

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M.C.Q. QUESTIONS
Question 1.In a triangle, if the measure of an exterior angle is 105° and its opposite interior angles are equal.
Find the value of these equal angles

a. 72 ½ °
b. 52 ½ °
c. 75°
d. 37°

Answer: b. 52 ½

Explanation: Given, exterior angle = 105°

Let us consider the interior angles as x
Using the exterior angle theorem,
[Sum of the interior opposite angles = exterior angle]
2x = 105° x = 52 ½ °. Hence, each of the interior opposite angles
measure 52 ½ °.
Question2: If the ratio of the angles 2:4:3. The value of the smallest angle will be:

a. 40°
b. 80°
c. 60°
d. 20 °
Answer: a. 40°
Explanation: let us consider 2:4:3 as 2x, 4x and 3x
So, 2x + 4x +3x = 180° [the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°]
9x = 180° x
= 20°
Hence, the value of:
2x = 2(20°) = 40°
4x = 4(20°) = 80°
3x = 3 (20°) = 60°
So, the smallest angle is 40°.

Question3: Find the value of x from the given figure, where POQ is a line.

a. 20°
b. 30°
c. 25°
d. 35°
Answer: a. 20°

16
Explanation: Given POQ is a line, which means POQ = 180°.
40° + 4x + 3x = 180°
40° + 7x = 180°
7x = 180° - 40°
7x = 140° x =
140°/7 x = 20°
So, x = 20°

Question4: If AOB is a line then the measure of BOC, COD and DOA respectively in the given figure,
are:

a. 36°, 54°, 90°

b. 90°, 54°, 36°
c. 90°, 36°, 54°
d. 36°, 90°, 54°

Answer: a. 36°, 54°, 90°

Explanation: AOD + DOC + COR = 180° [sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°] 5y
+ 3y + 2y = 180°
10y =180°
y = 180° / 10
y = 18°
So, the values of 5y, 3yand 2y are:
5y = 5 (18°) = 90°
3y = 3 (18°) = 54°
2y = 2 (18°) = 36°

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

Q1. Read the following and answer the questions given below :
Ramesh singh bought an electric bicycle for his son. He saw the bicycle and felt very happy. After seeing

From the geometrical figure , what is ∠ CBF, if ∠ BCD = 450 and AB ǁ CD?
the bicycle he thought of some geometrical figure:

(a) 900
(i)

In the given figure , ∠AFC = 750, then ∠CFB =

(b) 450 (c) 750 (d) 300

(a) 750
(ii)

In the given figure, ∠FCB =

(b) 450 (c) 1050 (d) None of these

(a) 450
(iii)

In the given figure, what is the value of ∠EFB ?

(b) 300 (c) 750 (d) None of these

(a) 750
(iv)
(b) 450 (c) 300 (d) 1050

∠ BCD = ∠ CBF
Answer : (i) We have, AB ǁ CD

45 = ∠ CBF
( Alternate angles)
0

17
 (ii) ∠ AFC + ∠ CFB = 1800 (Linear pair)
Option (b) is correct

750 + ∠ CFB = 1800

∠ CFB = 1800 – 750 =1050
Option © is correct

∠AFC =∠ FCD
(iii) Since AB ǁ CD,

75 = ∠ FCB + ∠ BCD
(Alternate angles)

750 = ∠ FCB + 450

0

∠ FCB = 300

(iv)We have, ∠ EFB = ∠ AFC

Option (b) is correct

∠ EFB = 750
(Vertically opp. Angles)
0

Option (a) is correct.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1: In the figure, lines AB and CD intersect at O. If ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and ∠BOD = 40°, find ∠BOE
and reflex ∠COE.

Solution:
From the given figure, we can see;
∠AOC, ∠BOE, ∠COE and ∠COE, ∠BOD, ∠BOE form a straight line each.
So, ∠AOC + ∠BOE +∠COE = ∠COE +∠BOD + ∠BOE = 180°
Now, by substituting the values of ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and ∠BOD = 40° we get:
70° +∠COE = 180°
∠COE = 110°
Similarly,
110° + 40° + ∠BOE = 180°
∠BOE = 30°
Q.2: In the Figure, lines XY and MN intersect at O. If ∠POY = 90° and a : b = 2 : 3, find c.

Solution:
As we know, the sum of the linear pair is always equal to 180°
18
So,
∠POY + a + b = 180°
Substituting the value of ∠POY = 90° (as given in the question) we get,
a + b = 90°
Now, it is given that a : b = 2 : 3 so, Let
a be 2x and b be 3x.
∴ 2x + 3x = 90°
Solving this we get
5x = 90°
So, x = 18°
∴ a = 2 × 18° = 36°
Similarly, b can be calculated and the value will be b
= 3 × 18° = 54°
From the diagram, b + c also forms a straight angle so, b
+ c = 180°
=> c + 54° = 180°
∴ c = 126°

and OR. Prove that ∠ROS = 1/2(∠QOS – ∠POS).

Q.3: In the Figure, POQ is a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ. OS is another ray lying between rays OP

Solution:
In the question, it is given that (OR ⊥ PQ) and ∠POQ = 180°
So, ∠POS + ∠ROS + ∠ROQ = 180° (Linear pair of angles)
Now, ∠POS + ∠ROS = 180° – 90° (Since ∠POR = ∠ROQ = 90°)
∴∠POS + ∠ROS = 90°
Now, ∠QOS = ∠ROQ + ∠ROS
It is given that ∠ROQ = 90°,
∴∠QOS = 90° + ∠ROS
Or, ∠QOS – ∠ROS = 90°
As ∠POS + ∠ROS = 90° and ∠QOS – ∠ROS = 90°, we get
∠POS + ∠ROS = ∠QOS – ∠ROS
=>2 ∠ROS + ∠POS = ∠QOS
Or, ∠ROS = ½ (∠QOS – ∠POS) (Hence proved).
LONG QUESTIONS
1. In the Figure, if PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110° and ∠RST = 130°, find ∠QRS.
[Hint: Draw a line parallel to ST through point R.]

19
Solution:
First, construct a line XY parallel to PQ.

The angles on the same side of the transversal are equal to 180°.
So, ∠PQR + ∠QRX = 180°
Or,∠QRX = 180° – 110°
∴∠QRX = 70°
Similarly,
∠RST + ∠SRY = 180°
Or, ∠SRY = 180° – 130°
∴∠SRY = 50°
Now, for the linear pairs on the line XY-
∠QRX + ∠QRS + ∠SRY = 180°
Substituting their respective values we get,
∠QRS = 180° – 70° – 50°
Or, ∠QRS = 60°
2. In the figure, if AB || CD || EF, PQ || RS, ∠RQD = 25° and ∠CQP = 60°, then find ∠Q

Solution:
According to the given figure, we have
AB || CD || EF
PQ || RS
∠RQD = 25°
∠CQP = 60°
PQ || RS.

20
 As we know,
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate exterior angles is equal. Now,
since, PQ || RS
⇒∠PQC = ∠BRS
We have ∠PQC = 60°⇒∠BRS = 60° … eq.(i)
We also know that,
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is equal. Now
again, since, AB || CD
⇒∠DQR = ∠QRA
We have ∠DQR = 25°
⇒∠QRA = 25° … eq.(ii)
Using linear pair axiom,
We get,
∠ARS + ∠BRS = 180°
⇒∠ARS = 180° – ∠BRS
⇒∠ARS = 180° – 60° (From (i), ∠BRS = 60°)
⇒∠ARS = 120° … eq.(iii)
Now, ∠QRS = ∠QRA + ∠ARS
From equations (ii) and (iii), we have,
∠QRA = 25° and ∠ARS = 120°
Hence, the above equation can be written as:
∠QRS = 25° + 120°
⇒∠QRS = 145°

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1.The sum of angle of a triangle is
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) none of these

2. In fig if x= then y=

(i )
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

3. If two lines intersect each other then

(i) vertically opposite angles are equal
(ii) corresponding angle are equal
(iii) alternate interior angle are equal

21
(iv) none of these

5. The measure of Complementary angle of is

a) 30°
b) 27°
c) 36°
d) 90°

6.
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
Q1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v)
Ishita loves triangular objects. She want to decorate the wall of her room with some triangular hangings.
When she searched for it she found a number of beautiful options for her room.

(a) 150
(i) The angles of triangle ABC are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. The measure of the smallest angle A is

If the measure of ∠ACE is 1050, then ∠ABC =

(b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 750

(a) 450
(ii)
(b) 750 (c) 600 (d) 1050
If AB ǁ DE, then measure of ∠CED is
(b) 600
(iii)
(b) 450 (c) 1050 (d) 800

(a) An isosceles triangle

(iv) If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the other two angles, then the triangle is
(b) a right triangle

If ∠ABC = 600 and ∠DCE = 400 the measure of ∠BAC is

(c) an obtuse triangle (d) an equilateral triangle
(v)

(a)600 (b) 700 (c) 800 (d) 300 Answers

(i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (a) (iv) (b) (v) (c)

Q2. PQ and RS are two mirrors placed parallel to each other. An incident ray AB strikes the mirror PQ at B,
the reflected ray moves along the path BC and strikes the mirror RS at C and again reflects back along CD.

(i) Draw the figure from above statement.

(ii) Which is the incident ray and which one is the reflected ray.
(iii) Prove that AB || CD.

[iv]Short Answer Type Question (10 questions)

Q1.
In Fig. , ∠PQR = ∠PRQ, then prove that ∠PQS = ∠PRT.

22
Q5. Can a triangle have all angles less than 60°? Give a reason for your answer.
Q6. If the measures of two supplementary angles are ( 3x + 15)0 and (2x + 5)0, then find the value of x.

________________________________________________________________________________
________

TRIANGLES
Important Concepts
• Two figures are congruent if they are of the same shape and of the same size.
• Two circles of the same radii are congruent.
• Two squares of the same sides are congruent.
• Two triangles are congruent if their corresponding parts are congruent.
• If two triangles ABC and PQR are congruent under the correspondence A ↔ P, B ↔ Q and C ↔ R, then
symbolically, it is expressed as Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR.
Some congruence rules are
SAS(Side-Angle-Side)
Congruence Rule: Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the sides
and the included angle of the other triangle.
ASA(Angle-Side-Side) Congruence Rule: Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one
triangle are equal to two angles and the included side of the other triangle. AAS Congruence Rule: Two triangles are
congruent if any two pairs of angles and one pair of corresponding sides are equal.

Examples
Question 1
In quadrilateral ACBD, AC = AD and AB bisects ∠A (See the given figure). Show that ΔABC ≅ ΔABD. What can
you say about BC and BD?

ANSWER:
In ΔABC and ΔABD,
AC = AD (Given)
∠CAB = ∠DAB (AB bisects ∠A)
AB = AB (Common)
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔABD (By SAS congruence rule)
∴ BC = BD (By CPCT)
Therefore, BC and BD are of equal lengths.

Question 2:
AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line segment AB (See the given figure). Show that CD bisects AB

23
ANSWER:
In ΔBOC and ΔAOD,
∠BOC = ∠AOD (Vertically opposite angles)
∠CBO = ∠DAO (Each 90º)
BC = AD (Given)
∴ ΔBOC ≅ ΔAOD (AAS congruence rule)
∴ BO = AO (By CPCT)
⇒ CD bisects AB.

MCQ
Q1. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the (a)
sum of the two interior opposite angles.
(b) sum of the three interior angles.
(c) difference of two interior angles.
(d) opposite of the interior angle.

Q2.In two right-angled triangle ABC and triangle DEF, the measurement of hypotenuse and
one side is given. Check if they are congruent or not? If yes, by which rule.

a) SAS b)ASA c) SSS d) RHS

Q3.The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 3 : 4: 2. Find all the angles of the triangle.
(a) 110°,40° ,30° b) 60°,80° ,40° c) 60°,50° ,70° d) 110°,50° ,20°
Q4. In SAS congruence rule
a) The angle should be included
b) The angle should not be included
c) Any two sides and one angle
d) None of the above

SECTION B SHORT ANSWERS TYPE

Q1.The angle of triangle are (x + 10° ),(2x - 30° ) and x°.Find the value of x.

Q2. ABC is a right triangle such that AB = AC and bisector of angle C intersects the side AB at D .Prove
that AC + AD = CD.
24
Q3.D, E, F are the midpoints of the sides BC,CA and AB respectively of ΔABC , then ΔDEF is congruent to
triangle ΔAEF

Q4. In an isosceles triangle ABC, with AB = AC, the bisectors of ∠B and ∠C intersect each other at O. Join
A to O. Show that:

i) OB = OC (ii) AO bisects ∠A

Q5. ABC is a right angled triangle in which ∠A = 90º and AB = AC. Find ∠B and ∠C.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LONG ANSWER TYPE

Q1. In the given figure BA is perpendicular to AC , DE is perpendicular to DF such that BA

= DE and BF = EC. Show that Δ ABC ≅ ΔDEF.

________________________________________________________________________________________________
________

QUADRILATERALS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. In a ΔABC, P,Q,R, are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. If AC = 21cm,
BC= 29cm, AB=30cm.Find the perimeter of quadrilateral ARPQ.
(A) 20 cm. (B) 52cm (C) 51cm (D) 80cm
2. The quadrilateral formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the quadrilateral PQRS taken in
order, is a rectangle if diagonals of
(A) PQRS are at right angles (B) PQRS is rectangle
(C) PQRS is a parallelogram (D) none of these
3. The diagonal of a rectangle is inclined to one side of the rectangle at 25° .The acute angle between
the diagonals is

4. ABCD is rhombus such that ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 40° then ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 is

(A)55° (B) 50° (C) 40° (D) none of these

(A)40° (B) 45° (C) 50° (D) 60°

25
 ASSERTION AND REASON:

Direction: Each of these questions contains an assertion followed by reason. Read them carefully
and answer the questions on the basis of following options, select the one that best describes the two
statements.
(a) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect. (d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is
correct

5.
ASSERTION: The line segment joining the mid points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to
the third side and equal to half of it.
REASON: Diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

6. ABCD is a rectangle in which diagonals BD bisects ∠B. show that ABCD is a square.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

7. If in a parallelogram ABCD, AB= x+5 and BC= x+11 and perimeter is 40cm. Find x.

∆ABC.
8. If in a parallelogram ABCD, AC is a diagonal. If the area of ABCD is 180cm2. Find the area of

9. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 2:3:4:6. Find the angles of quadrilateral.
10. In a parallelogram PQRS, If angle P = (3x -5) and angle Q = (2x + 15). Find the value of x

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

made a rangoli in the shape of triangle ABC. Dimensions of △ABC are 26 cm, 28 cm, 25 cm.
23. There is a Holi celebration in a school . Girls are asked to prepare Rangoli in a triangular shape. They

1. In fig, R is mid-point of AB and RQ || BC then AQ is equal to

a. QC b. RB c. BC d. AD
2. In fig R and Q are mid-points of AB and AC respectively. The length of RQ is:
a. 13 b. 14 c. 12.5 d. 13.5
26
 3. If Garland is to be placed along the side of QPR which is formed by joining midpoint,
what is the length of garland?
a. 39.5 cm b. 49.5 cm c. 35 cm d. 79.5 cm

Q. During Math Lab Activity each student was given four broomsticks of lengths
10cm, 10cm, 6cm, 6cm to make different types of quadrilaterals.

1. How many quadrilaterals can be formed using these sticks?

a. Only one type of quadrilateral can be formed
b. Two types of quadrilaterals can be formed.
c. Three types of quadrilaterals can be formed.
d. Four types of quadrilaterals can be formed.
2. Name the types of quadrilaterals formed?
a. Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram
b. Kite , Trapezium, parallelogram
c. Rectangle, Square, Kite
d. Rectangle, Kite, Parallelogram
3. Which of the following is not true for a parallelogram?
a. opposite sides are equal
b. opposite angles are equal
c. opposite angles are bisected by the diagonals
d. diagonals do not bisect each other.
25. There was four plants in Rama‟s field. rama named their bases as P, Q, R, S. He joined PQ, QR, RS
and SP. His teacher told him that the quadrilateral PQRS was a parallelogram. He asked him to find
the measure of all the angles of the parallelogram, provided that the measure of anyone interior angle
of PQRS.
P Q

S R
(i) Obtain all the angles of the paralellogram PQRS if ㄥ R=80°.
(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
(ii) If PQ is 8cm then SR is_______.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________

CIRCLES
a. Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.

b.If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal, then the chords are
equal.
c. The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.

27
 d.The line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
e. There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points
f. Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the centre (or centres).
g. Chords equidistant from the centre of a circle are equal in length.
h.The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point
on the remaining part of the circle.
i. Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
j. If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points lying on the
same side of the line containing the line segment, the four points lie on a circle (i.e. they are
concyclic).
k.The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
3. If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180º, the quadrilateral is cyclic.

MCQ:-

Q1. In Fig. ,A, B, C and D are four points on a circle. AC and BD intersect at a point
E such that BEC=130°
And ECD = 20°. Value of BAC is.
(a) 50° (b) 40° (c) 90° (d) 110°

Answer:- (d)

Short answer type question:-

Q1. In Fig, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which AC and BD are ∠ its

diagonals. If DBC = 55° and BAC = 45°, find BCD.
Solution : CAD = DBC = 55°

(Angles in the same segment) Therefore,

∠ DAB = ∠ CAD + ∠ BAC
= 55° + 45° = 100° But ∠ DAB + ∠ BCD = 180°
(Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral) So,
∠ BCD = 180° – 100° = 80°
Long answer type question:-
Q.1 The line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

OM ⊥ AB. Join OA and OB . In triangles OAM and OBM,

Let AB be a chord of a circle with centre O and O is joined to the mid-point M of AB. You have to prove that

OA = OB (Radii)
AM = BM (given)

Therefore, ∆ OAM ≅ ∆ OBM (By SSS rule)

OM = OM (Common)

This gives ∠ OMA = ∠ OMB = 90°

(CPCT)
Case Study question :- Q 1.
28
Ankit visited in a mall with his father. He sees that three shops are situated at P, Q, R as shown in the figure
from where they have to purchase things according to their need. Distance between shop P and Q is 8 m, that
of between shop Q and R is 10 m and between shop P and R is 6 m.

(i) Find the radius of the circle.

(ii) Measure of ∠QPR is

(a) 5 m (b) 7 m (c) 14 m (d) 8 m
(ii)
(a) 60° (b) 90° (c) 120° (d) 180°
(iii) (iv) Length of the longest chord of the circle is
(a) 6 m (b) 8 m (c) 10 m (d) 24 m
(iv) (v) In figure, PSQP is known as
(a) Major segment (b) Minor segment (c) Major sector (d) Minor sector

Answer:- (i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) (c) (iv) (b)

MCQ:-

1. In the figure, if ACB = 50°, then OAB what is

(a) 50° (b) 40° (c) 90° (d) 100°

2. In the figure, quadrilateral PQRS is cyclic. If P= 80°, then

what is the value of R ?

(a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 100° (d) 60°

3. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. If OA = 5 cm and OC = 3 cm, then find the length
of AB .

(a) 7 cm (b) 9 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 10 cm

4. Two concentric circles with centre O have A, B, C and D as points of intersection with a line l as

shown in the figure. If AD =12 cm and BC = 8 cm, find the length of AB and CD.

(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 2 cm

Short answer type question:-

29
 1. In the figure, if AB is the diameter of the circle, then find the value of x.
2. A chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle subtended
by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on the major arc.
3. If two non- parallel sides of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is cyclic.
4. Prove that a cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.
5. Show that two circles cannot intersect at more than two points.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________

HERON’S FORMULA
Multiple choice Questions

1 If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 180cm.Then its area will be:

a.900cm2 b.900√3cm2 c.300√3cm2 d.600√3cm2

2 Heron’s formula to find the area of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a' is given by:

a. 𝑎2�
2
b. c. d.
3 Find the area of a regular hexagon of side a.
a.3√3a2/2cm2 b.√3a2cm2 c.3√3a2cm2 d.4cm2
4 The area of triangle with given two sides18cm and 10cm respectively and perimeter equal to 42cm is:

a.20√11cm2 b.19√11cm2 c.22√11cm2 d.21√11cm2

5 Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Area of a triangle with sides 3cm, 4cm and 5cm is 6 cm2.

Reason: Heron’s formula for area of a triangle is ½ base × height.

a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

c. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

d. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Answers: 1(b)900√3cm2
2 (d)√s(s-a)3
3 (a) 3√3a2/2cm2

4 (d)21√11cm2

30
 5 (c)Assertion(A)is true and Reason(R)isfalse.

Multiple choice Questions (For Practise)

1 Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion: Area of a scalene triangle is calculated by Heron’s formula

31
 Reason: Area of a quadrilateral whose sides and one diagonal are given, can be calculated by
dividing the quadrilateral into two triangles using Heron‟s formula.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

2 The area of an equilateral triangle with side 2cm is

(a) √6cm2 b.√3cm2 c.√8cm2 d.4cm2

3 The sides of a triangular plot are in the ratio of 3:5:7 and its perimeter is 300m.Find its area

a.4√30 b.1500√3 c.12√30 d.16√30

4 The equal sides of isosceles triangle are12cm and perimeter is 300cm.The area of this triangle
is:
a.9√15 sq.cm b.6√15sq.cm
c.3√15 sq.cm d.√15 sq.cm

5 The area of an equilateral triangle having side length equal to√3/4cmis:

a.2/27sq.cm b.2/15sq.cm c.3√3/64sq.cm d.3/14sq.cm

Answer 2

Short Answer Type Questions (Solved)

1 The. perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 32cm. The ratio of the equal side to base is 3:2. Find the area
of the triangle.

2 Find the cost of laying grass in a triangular field of sides 50 m, 65 m and 65 m at the rate of Rs
7 per m2.Also find the cost of fencing the field at the rate of Rs 9 per m2

32
Answer: Sides of the triangle are
a=50m,b=65m,c=65m Area of triangle, by Heron's
formula =s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) where, s=2a+b+c
s=250+65+65 s=90
Area of triangle = 90(40)(25)(25)
Area of triangle = 1500m2

Cost of laying grass = Area ×7

Cost of laying grass =1500×7
Cost of laying grass = Rs 10500

Short Answer Type Questions (For practice)

1 The perimeter of a triangular field is 240 m with two sides 78m and 50m.Now,calculate the
length of the altitude on the side of 50m length from its opposite vertex.
2 The side of a triangle are in the ratio of 25:14:12and its perimeter is510m.Find the greatest
side of the triangle and area of given triangle.
3 In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle and DEC is an equilateral triangle. Find the
area of ΔDEC.

4 Each side of an equilateral triangle is 2xcm. If x√3 = √48,then find its area.
5 The sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 3:5:7 and its perimeter is300cm. Find its area.

SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

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 EXAMPLES

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Total surface area of a hemisphere is 4158 cm², the diameter of the hemisphere is equal to
__________ cm. (Take π = 22/7)

a) 40 cm b) 20 cm c) 21 cm d) 42 cm

Ans: d) 42 cm
2. If the surface area of a sphere of radius “R” is equal to the curved surface area of a hemisphere
of radius “r”, what is the ratio of R/r?

a) ½ b) 1/√2 c) 2 d) √2

Ans: 1/√2

3. If a right circular cone has radius 4 cm and slant height 5 cm then what is its volume?

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 (a) 16 π cm³ (b) 14 π cm³ (c) 12 π cm³ (d) 18 π cm³

Ans: 16 π cm³

4. Two right circular cones of equal curved surface areas have slant heights in the ratio of 3 : 5.
Find the ratio of their radii.
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 3 : 5 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 4 : 5
Ans: 5 : 3
5. Assertion: If the diameter of a sphere is decreased by 25%, then its curved surface area is
decreased by 43.75%.
Reason : Curved surface area is increased when diameter decreases

a) both Assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for Assertion

b) both Assertion and reason are correct but reason is not correct explanation for Assertion c)

Assertion is correct but reason is false

d) both Assertions and reason are false

Ans: c) Assertion is correct but reason is false

CASE BASED QUESTION:-

6. Sangita had a hemispherical bowl of radius r. She made a conical vessel of radius r with a tin
sheet.

(i) find the height of the conical vessel so that it can hold the water same as that of the
hemispherical bowl.

(ii) if the radius of the cone formed in the above part is 14 cm, then find how much sheet is used?

(iii)if the height of the conical vessel is doubled, how much more water can it hold than the
hemispherical bowl?

Ans: (i) since, volume of conical vessel = volume of hemispherical bowl

r²h =

h = 2r

The height is 2r

(ii) since, radius = r = 14 cm

Height = 28 cm

2 2 2
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 2
= 282 142

= 14 5 cm

area of sheet required = r

2
= 1377.41

(iii)

it can hold twice the volume of the hemisphere.

11 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

7. How many square metres of canvas is required for a conical tent whose height is3.5 m and the
radius of the base is 12 m?

2 2 2
Ans:

2 3 52 122

= 12.25 m total

canvas required = πrl

2
π×12×12.5 =471

8. A right triangle with sides 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm is revolved about the side 8 cm.Find the
volume and the curved surface of the solid so formed.

Ans: When a right triangle with sides 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm is revolved about the side 8 cm,
then solid formed is a cone whose height, h = 8 cm.

The radius of the cone, r = 6 cm.

Slant height of the cone, l = 10 cm

∴ Volume of the cone = r²h =

= 301.7 cm3

Curved surface area of the cone = πrl

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 6 * 10 = 188.5cm2

Hence, the volume and surface area of the cone are 301.7 cm3 and 188.5 cm2 respectively.

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE:- MULTIPLE

CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The diameter of the moon is approximately one-fourth of the diameter of the earth. What
fraction of the volume of the earth is the volume of the moon?

a. b. c. d

2. A hemispheric dome of radius 3.5m is to be painted at a rate of ₹600/m2. What is the cost of
painting it? (Take π = 22/7)

a) ₹46200 b) ₹45000 c) ₹47260 d) ₹48375

3. The radius of a hemispherical balloon increases from 6 cm to 12 cm as air is beingpumped into

it. The ratios of the surface areas of the balloon in the two cases is

(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 2 : 1

4. What is the total surface area of a cone of radius 7cm and height 24cm? (Take π = 22/7)

a) 710 cm² b) 704 cm² c) 700 cm² d) 725 cm²

5. Assertion: if a ball is in the shape of a sphere has a surface area of 221.76cm² then it‟s
diameter is 8.4 cm
Reason: if the radius of the sphere be r then the surface area, S=4πr²

a) both Assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for Assertion

b) both Assertion and reason are correct but reason is not correct explanation for Assertion c)

Assertion is correct but reason is false

d) both Assertions and reason are false

CASE BASED QUESTION:-

6. In a grinding mill, 5 types of mills were installed. These mills used spherical shaped steel
balls of radius 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm respectively. For repairing purposes the mill
needs 10 balls of radius 7 mm and 20 balls of radius 3.5mm. The workshop had 20000mm³ steel
which was melted and 10 balls of radius 7mm and 20 balls of radius 3.5 m were made and the
remaining steel was stored for future use.

i) What was the volume of 10 balls of radius 7mm?

ii) How much steel was kept for future use? iii) What was the surface area

of one ball of radius 7mm?

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7. A class teacher brings some clay in the classroom to teach the topic mensuration. First she
forms a cone of radius 10 cm and height 5 cm and then she moulds that cone into a sphere.

(i) Find the volume of the conical shape.

(ii) Find the radius of the sphere.

(iii) Find the volume of the sphere the teacher made.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

9.The surface area of a sphere of radius 5 cm is five times the area of the curved surface of a cone

of radius 4 cm. Find the height and the volume of the cone (taking=22/7)

10.A dome of a building is in the form of a hemisphere. From inside, it was whitewashed at the
cost of ₹498.96. If the rate of whitewashing is ₹4 per square metre, find the :

(i) Inside surface area of the dome

(ii) Volume of the air inside the dome.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________

STATISTICS
1 The marks obtained by 17 students in a mathematics test (out of100) are given below :

98, 82, 100, 100, 96, 65, 82, 76, 79, 90, 41, 64, 72, 68, 66, 48, 49.

The range of the data is :

(A) 59 (B) 54 (C) 90 (D) 100

2 The class-mark of the class 120-160 is :

(A) 130 (B) 135 (C) 140 (D) 145

3 In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 10 and the width of the class is 6. The
lower limit of the class is :

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 12

4 In the class intervals 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 , the number 30 is included in :

(A) 30-40 (B) 20-30 (C) both the intervals (D) none of these

ASSERTION- REASONING

5 DIRECTION : In the following question ,a statement of Assertion is given followed by a

corresponding statement of Reason just below it.Of the statements, mark the correct answer as (a)
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

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(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.

1. Assertion : If the class mark of a class interval (10- X ) is 20 then upper limit X = 30 Reason

: (Upper limit + Lower limit) = Class mark / 2

CASE STUDY PROBLEMS

6 The Class teacher of Class X preparing result analysis of a student. She compares the
marks of a student obtained in Class IX (2018-19) and Class X (2019-20) using the
double bar graph as shown below

(I) In which subject has the performance improved the most?

(a) Maths (b) Social Science (c)
Science (d) English

(II) In which subject has the performance deteriorated?

(a) Maths (b) Social Science (c)
Science (d) English

(III) In which subject is the performance at par?

(a) Hindi (b) Maths (c) Science
(d) English

(IV) What is the difference in Maths Subject?

(a) 5 (b) 30
(c) 0 (d) 10

(V) What is the percentage of marks obtained by a student in Class X

(2019-20)?
(a) 60% (b) 55%
(c) 54% (d) 65%

7 A Mathematics teacher asks students to collect the marks of Mathematics in Half yearly exam.
She instructed to all the students to prepare frequency disctribution table using the data collected.
Ram collected the following marks (out of 50) obtained in Mathematics by students of Class IX

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 21, 10, 30, 22, 33, 5, 37, 12, 25, 42, 15, 39, 26, 32, 18, 27, 28, 19, 29, 35, 31, 24, 36, 18, 38, 22,
44, 16, 24, 10, 27, 39, 28, 49, 29, 32, 23, 31, 21, 34, 22, 23, 36, 24, 36, 33, 47, 48, 50, 39, 20, 7,
16, 36, 45, 47, 30, 22, 20, 60,17.

(I)How many students scored more than 20 but less than 30?

(a) 20 (b) 21
(c) 22 (d) 23

(II) How many students scored less than 20 marks?

(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 14

(III) How many students scored more than 50% marks?

(a) 1 (b) 2
(d) 3
(c) 26
(IV) What is the class size of the classes?

(a) 10 (b) 5
(d) 20
(c) 15

(V) What is the class mark of the class interval 30 – 40?

(a) 30 (b) 35
(c) 40 (d) 70

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

9 A grouped frequency table with class intervals of equal sizes using 250-270 (270 not included in this
interval) as one of the class interval is constructed for the following data : 268, 220, 368, 258, 242, 310,
272, 342, 310, 290, 300, 320, 319, 304, 402, 318, 406, 292, 354, 278, 210, 240, 330, 316, 406, 215,
258, 236. Write the frequency of the class 310-330 .

10 From the given frequency table ,

Write the total
number of Age of 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6
cats that are above cats
the age of 3 years (years)
No. of 6 4 7 6 17
cats 40
 From the
given frequency table ,
Age of 25- 30- 40- 50- 60-
labour 30 40 50 60 70
Write the (years)
total number of No. of 6 4 7 6 17
Labours that are labour
BELOW the
age of 50 years
12 In a histogram, the areas of the rectangles are proportional to the frequencies. Can we say
that the lengths of the rectangles are also proportional to the frequencies ?
13 The Histogram is drawn between which of the two things of the data ?
14The frequency polygon is drawn between which of the two things of the data ?
15 To draw a frequency polygon , a point for a class interval ( 40-60) with corresponding
frequency 8. What is coordinate of that point of the frequency polygon?

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