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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2

Thursday 9 November 2023 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator
1
• the periodic table (enclosed).
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 4
• Pencil should only be used for drawing.
5
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 6
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 7
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
8
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). TOTAL
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
• Show all your working.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A periodic table is provided as a loose insert.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 This question is about forms of carbon.

Graphite is a form of carbon.

Graphite is used in pencils.

Figure 1 shows:

• a pencil containing graphite

• a representation of the structure of graphite.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 Which type of bonding is present in graphite?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

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0 1 . 2 How many bonds does each carbon atom in graphite form?

Use Figure 1.
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

0 1 . 3 Why is graphite used in pencils?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Graphite has a high melting point

Graphite is insoluble

Graphite is slippery

0 1 . 4 Explain why graphite conducts electricity.

You should refer to electrons in your answer.

[2 marks]

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Fullerenes are also forms of carbon. box

Figure 2 represents the structure of a fullerene.

Figure 2

0 1 . 5 Give two uses of fullerenes.

[2 marks]

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0 1 . 6 Fullerenes are nanoparticles.

What is the size of a nanoparticle?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

1–100 nm

1–100 mm

1–100 cm

1–100 m
8

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0 2 A student investigated the reactivity of different metals.

The student determined the temperature rise when each metal was added to
copper sulfate solution.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus.

Figure 3

This is the method used.

1 Add 10 cm3 of copper sulfate solution to the boiling tube.

2 Measure the temperature of the copper sulfate solution.

3 Add 0.5 g of magnesium powder to the copper sulfate solution.

4 Measure the highest temperature reached.

5 Repeat steps 1 to 4 twice more.

6 Repeat steps 1 to 5 using different metal powders.

0 2 . 1 What is the independent variable in this investigation?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Temperature rise

Type of metal

Volume of copper sulfate solution

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0 2 . 2 Table 1 shows the results.

Table 1

Temperature rise in °C

1 2 3 Mean

Iron 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2

Magnesium 10.4 10.2 10.5 10.4

Zinc 5.3 5.7 5.6 X

Calculate the mean temperature rise (X) for zinc metal.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3 marks]

Mean temperature rise X (2 significant figures) = °C

0 2 . 3 Which is the most reactive metal?

Give one reason for your answer.

Use Table 1.
[2 marks]

Metal

Reason

Question 2 continues on the next page

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0 2 . 4 The student changed the investigation to improve the accuracy of the results.

Which change would improve the accuracy of the results?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Add insulation to the boiling tube

Increase the volume of the copper sulfate solution

Use a thermometer with a resolution of 1 °C

0 2 . 5 Name the two products formed when magnesium reacts with copper sulfate solution.
[2 marks]

2 9

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0 3 This question is about methane (CH4).

0 3 . 1 Methane is formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A carbon atom has 4 outer electrons and a hydrogen atom has 1 outer electron.

Complete Figure 4 to show the arrangement of outer shell electrons in methane.

Use dots (o) and crosses (x) to represent the electrons.

Figure 4

[2 marks]

Question 3 continues on the next page

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Methane is a simple molecule.

Table 2 shows the electrical conductivity of three substances A, B and C.

Table 2

Electrical conductivity Electrical conductivity

Substance
when solid when liquid

A Good Good

B Poor Poor

C Poor Good

0 3 . 2 Which substance consists of simple molecules?

Give one reason for your answer.

Use Table 2.
[2 marks]

Substance

Reason

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0 3 . 3 Which apparatus can be used to determine the results shown in Table 2?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Question 3 continues on the next page

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Methane, ethane and propane are all simple molecules.

Table 3 shows information about methane, ethane and propane.

Table 3

Number of carbon atoms

Name of molecule Boiling point in °C
in a molecule

Methane 1 –161.5

Ethane 2 –88.5

Propane 3 –42.0

0 3 . 4 Complete the sentence.

[1 mark]

As the number of carbon atoms in a molecule increases, the boiling point

0 3 . 5 Explain why methane, ethane and propane have low boiling points.
[2 marks]

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0 4 A student investigated the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

The equation for this reaction is:

Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Figure 5 shows the apparatus.

Figure 5

This is the method used.

1 Add 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 20 °C to a conical flask.

2 Add 1 cm of magnesium to the conical flask.

3 Insert the stopper and start a timer.

4 Measure the volume of gas collected every 20 seconds for 200 seconds.

5 Repeat steps 1 to 4 using hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 40 °C.

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0 4 . 1 Give two observations made when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid.
[2 marks]

0 4 . 2 Give two control variables in this investigation.

[2 marks]

Question 4 continues on the next page

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Excess magnesium was reacted with hydrochloric acid at 20 °C. box

Figure 6 shows the results.

Figure 6

0 4 . 3 What time did the reaction stop?

Use Figure 6.
[1 mark]

0 4 . 4 Why does the reaction stop?

[1 mark]

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0 4 . 5 Determine the mean rate of reaction between 0 and 50 seconds.

Give the unit.

Use Figure 6.
[4 marks]

Mean rate of reaction = Unit

0 4 . 6 The student then reacted excess magnesium with hydrochloric acid at 40 °C.

Draw a line on Figure 6 to show the expected results.

[2 marks]

0 4 . 7 Explain how increasing the temperature of the hydrochloric acid affects the rate
of reaction.
[3 marks]

15

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0 5 This question is about energy transfers in chemical reactions.

0 5 . 1 The reaction between methane and oxygen is exothermic.

The equation for this reaction is:

CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

Figure 7 shows part of an energy level diagram for the reaction between methane
and oxygen.

Figure 7

Complete Figure 7.

You should label:

• the activation energy

• the overall energy change
• the product line, including the formulae of the products.
[4 marks]

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0 5 . 2 The reaction of hydrogen with oxygen is also exothermic.

Figure 8 shows the displayed structures for the reaction between hydrogen and
oxygen.

Figure 8

Table 4 shows the bond energies.

Table 4

Calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) of the reaction.

Use Figure 8 and Table 4.

[4 marks]

Enthalpy change (∆H) = kJ/mol

Question 5 continues on the next page

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0 5 . 3 Methane and hydrogen can be used as fuels.

Table 5 shows some information about methane and hydrogen.

Table 5

Fuel Raw material Products of combustion

Methane Crude oil Carbon dioxide and water

Hydrogen Water Water

Give two advantages of using hydrogen instead of methane as a fuel.

[2 marks]

2
10

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0 6 This question is about alcohols.

0 6 . 1 Which is a use of ethanol?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

As an alloy

As a food colouring

As a solvent

0 6 . 2 A student tested an unknown compound X.

The student made the following observations:

• X was flammable
• X had no reaction with sodium
• when X was mixed with water and universal indicator the solution turned green.

The student concluded that compound X is ethanol.

Evaluate the student’s conclusion.

[3 marks]

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0 6 . 3 Ethanol can be converted into ethanoic acid.

What is the name of this type of reaction?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Combustion

Neutralisation

Oxidation

0 6 . 4 Complete the displayed formula of ethanoic acid.

[2 marks]

0 6 . 5 Ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid to produce an ester.

Name the ester produced.

[1 mark]

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0 6 . 6 Industrially, ethanol is produced by reacting ethene with steam.

The equation for the reaction is:

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ C2H5OH(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Figure 9 shows the percentage yield of ethanol under different conditions.

Figure 9

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In the industrial process the conditions used are:

• a temperature of 300 °C

• a pressure of 65 atmospheres

• a phosphoric acid catalyst.

Explain why these conditions are chosen for the economical production of ethanol
from ethene and steam.

You should refer to the rate of reaction and position of equilibrium.

[6 marks]

14

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0 7 This question is about acids and alkalis.

0 7 . 1 Which ion makes solutions acidic?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

H+

Na+

OH–

SO42–

Question 7 continues on the next page

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A student titrated sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide solution. box

Figure 10 shows the apparatus.

Figure 10

This is the method used:

1 Measure 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask.

2 Add three drops of indicator solution to the sodium hydroxide solution.

3 Add 1 cm3 sulfuric acid to the sodium hydroxide solution.

4 Continue adding 1 cm3 sulfuric acid until the indicator changes colour.

5 Record the total volume of sulfuric acid added.

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0 7 . 2 What is the name of equipment A in Figure 10?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Beaker

Burette

Measuring cylinder

Pipette

0 7 . 3 Give two improvements to the method to obtain more accurate results.

[2 marks]

Question 7 continues on the next page

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0 7 . 4 An indicator was added to the sodium hydroxide solution.

Name a suitable indicator to use.

Give the expected colour change at neutralisation.

[2 marks]

Indicator

Colour change from to

0 7 . 5 The equation for the reaction is:

H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

13.5 cm3 of 0.20 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid neutralised 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution.

Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution.

[4 marks]

Concentration of sodium hydroxide solution = mol/dm

3
10

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0 8 This question is about electrolysis.

A teacher demonstrated the electrolysis of copper chloride solution.

Figure 11 shows the apparatus.

Figure 11

0 8 . 1 What is the electrolyte in Figure 11?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Chlorine gas

Copper chloride solution

Positive electrode

Power supply

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0 8 . 2 Why does copper chloride need to be dissolved in water for electrolysis to occur?
[1 mark]

0 8 . 3 Explain how copper metal forms at the negative electrode.

[4 marks]

Question 8 continues on the next page

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The teacher measured the volume of chlorine gas collected at the positive electrode box

every 2 minutes.

Chlorine is soluble in water.

Figure 12 shows the results.

Figure 12

0 8 . 4 One of the results shown in Figure 12 is anomalous.

Which result is anomalous?

Suggest one reason for the anomalous result.

[2 marks]

Anomalous result

Reason

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0 8 . 5 Explain the trends shown in Figure 12.
[4 marks]

0 8 . 6 Determine the number of moles of gas collected after 16 minutes.

The volume of 1 mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure is 24 dm3.

Use Figure 12.

[4 marks]

Number of moles of gas collected = 16

END OF QUESTIONS

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