LET Reviewer - Early Childhood Education

Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer

Early Childhood Education

1. Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the
following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?

a) Microsystem

b) Mesosystem

c) Exosystem

d) Macrosystem

2. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his
behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito
belong?

a) Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt

b) Identity vs. Role Confusion

c) Intimacy vs. Isolation

d) Initiative vs. Guilt

3. Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral development
theory of Lawrence Kholberg?

a) Social contract

b) Law and order orientation

c) Interpersonal concordance

d) Universal ethics orientation

4. What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as
putting the same shapes and the same colors together?

a) Development

b) Maturation

c) Zone of Proximal Development

d) Learning

5. Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the
early childhood education?

a) The young children are capable of doing many things at an early stage.

b) The child should be seen and should learn.

c) The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.

d) Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.

6. Which of the following is true about human development?

a) Human development considers both maturation and learning.

b) Development refers to the progressive series of changes of an orderly coherent type toward the goal
of maturity.

c) Development is the gradual and orderly unfolding of the characteristics of the individuals as they go
through the successive stages of growth.

d) All of the above

7. What do you call the quantitative increase in terms of height and weight as observed by the school
physician during the physical examination of the students?

a) Development

b) Growth

c) Learning
d) Maturation

8. Mrs. Gomez conducts research on the psychosocial domain of development. In what particular area of
the child's development is Mrs. Gomez most likely to be interested with?

a) Perceptual abilities

b) Brain-wave patterns

c) Emotions

d) Use of language

9. Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?

a) Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

b) Anal stage, oral stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

c) Oral stage, anal stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage

d) Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage

10. What is the best description of Erickson's psychosocial theory of human development?

a) Eight crises all people are thought to lace

b) Four psychosocial stages in latency period

c) The same number of stages as Freud's, but with different names

d) A stage theory that is not psychoanalytic

11. In Erickson's theory, what is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a secure,
mutual relationship with a life partner?

a) Initiative vs. Guilt

b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c) Intimacy vs. Isolation

d) Trust vs. Mistrust

12. Alyssa is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has troubles
in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, Alyssa belongs to what particular stage of
cognitive development?

a) Sensorimotor

b) Preoperational

c) Concrete operational

d) Formal operational

13. Which of the following provides the best broad description of the relationship between heredity and
environment in determining height?

a) Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.

b) Heredity and environment contribute equally to development

c) Environment is the major influence on physical characteristics.

d) Heredity directs the individual's potential and environment determines whether and to what degree
the individual reaches the potential.

14. What is the correct sequence of prenatal stages of development?

a) Embryo, germinal, fetus

b) Germinal, fetus, embryo

c) Germinal, embryo, fetus

d) Embryo, fetus, germinal

15. When a baby realized that a rubber duck which has fallen out of the tub must be somewhere on the
floor, he is likely to achieved what aspect of cognitive development?
a) Object permanence

b) Deferred imitation

c) Mental combinations

d) Goal-directed behavior

16. Which of the following will be Freud's description of the child's behavior if he he has biting, sarcastic
manner?

a) Anally expulsive

b) Anally retentive

c) Fixated in the oral stage

d) Experiencing the crisis of trust vs. mistrust

17. What is Freud's idea about a young boy's guilt feelings brought about by jealousy of his father's
relationship with his mother?

a) Electra complex

b) Oedipus complex

c) Phallic complex

d) Penis envy complex

18. When a little girl who says she wants her mother to go on vacation so that she can marry her father,
Freud believes that he is voicing a fantasy consistent with?

a) Oedipus complex

b) Electra complex

c) Theory of mind

d) Crisis of initiative vs. Guilt

19. Which of the following can best describe the preschooler's readiness to learn new task and play
activities?

a) Emerging competency and self-awareness

b) Theory of the Mind

c) Relationship with parents

d) Growing identification with others

20. James noted that when the preschoolers eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to
criticism and feelings of failure, they are experiencing what particular crisis?

a) Identity vs. Role Confusion

b) Initiative vs. Guilt

c) Basic trust vs. mistrust

d) Efficacy vs. Helplessness

21. What stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development does a person belong to when he can understand
specific logical ideas and apply them to concrete problems?

a) Preoperational thought

b) Operational thought

c) Create operational thought

d) Formal operational thought

22. What is the best explanation of Piaget's concrete operational thought to describe the school-age
child's mental ability?

a) A child can reason logically about things and events he or she perceives.

b) A child's ability to think about how he thinks

c) Can understand that certain characteristics of an object remain the same when other characteristics
are changed

d) Can understand that moral principles may supersede the standards of society.

23. Elisa who is in between 9 and 11 years of age are most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at
which Kohlberg's stage?

a) Pre-conventional

b) Conventional

c) Post-conventional

d) None of the above

24. According to Kohlberg, a dutiful citizen who obeys the laws set down by society is at which level of
moral reasoning?

a) Pre-conventional Stage One

b) Pre-conventional Stage Two

c) Conventional

d) Post-conventional

25. Ana, who is low-achieving, shy and withdrawn, is rejected by most of her peers. her teacher wants to
help Ana increase her self-esteem and social acceptance. What can Joy's teacher suggest to her parents?

a) Transfer her to a different school

b) Help their daughter improve her motor skills

c) Help their daughter learn to accept more responsibility for her academic failures

d) Help their daughter improve her skills in relating to peers

26. What is the most accurate definition of puberty stage?

a) Rapid physical growth that occurs during adolescence

b) Stage when sexual maturation is attained.

c) Rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood

d) Stage when adolescents establish identifies separate from their parents.

27. Fifteen year old Marie is preoccupied with her "disgusting appearance" and seems depressed most
of the time. What is the best thing her parents can do to help her get through this difficult time?

a) Ignore her self-preoccupation because their attention would only reinforce it.

b) Encourage to "shape up" and not give in the self-pity

c) Kid her about her appearance in the hope that she will see how silly she is acting.

d) Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.

28. What can be the best comparison of the behavior of a 17 year old girl to that of her 13 year old
brother?

a) She is more likely critical about herself

b) She tends to be more egocentric.

c) She had less confidence in her abilities.

d) She is more capable of reasoning hypothetically.

29. According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescent?

a) To establish trust

b) To search for his identity

c) To be more intimate with others

d) To establish integrity

30. What is the main source of emotional support for most young people who are establishing
independence from their parents?

a) Older adolescents of the opposite sex

b) Older sibling

c) Teachers

d) Peer groups

ANSWER:

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. D

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. A

11. C

12. C

13. A

14. C

15. A

16. C

17. B

18. B

19. A

20. B

21. C
22. C

23. B

24. C

25. D

26. C

27. D

28. D

29. B

30. D

31. Which of the following is NOT a common method of teaching comprehension?

a) Summarizing

b) Question asking

c) Graphic organizers

d) Phonics drills

32. The stories about Paul Bunyan, John Henry, and Pecos Bill are all exaggerated accounts of individuals
with superhuman strength. What type of literature are these works?

a) Fables

b) Fairytales

c) Tall tales

d) Myths

33. __________ are usually stories about animals with human features that often teach a lesson.

a) Fables

b) Fairytales
c) Tall tales

d) Myths

34. __________ are stories about events from the earliest times.

a) Fables

b) Fairytales

c) Tall tales

d) Myths

35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a fable?

a) Teaches a moral

b) Considered to be true

c) Reveals human foibles

d) Have animal characters that act like humans

36. An adolescent has not yet mastered spelling. What would be the best way for a teacher to address
this?

a) Provide the student with extra instruction on spelling rules

b) Ensure that the student fully understands all the exceptions to rules

c) Encourage the student to master the use of a dictionary and thesaurus

d) Focus on teaching spelling and grammar in isolation

37. Which of the following strategies encourages print awareness in classrooms?

a) Word walls

b) Using big books to read to students

c) Using highlighters to locate upper case letters

d) All of the above

38. What is the foundation of math skills and topics?

a) Addition

b) Number sense

c) Place value

d) Computation skills

39. What is the main purpose of having kindergarten students count by twos?

a) To hear a rhythm

b) To recognize patterns in numbers

c) To practice addition

d) To become familiar with equations

40. Which would be a way for early childhood students to learn about basic geometric concepts?

a) Using a ruler

b) Rote counting

c) Working with tangrams

d) Create an A-B color pattern

41. __________ or puzzle pieces, are excellent manipulatives for children to use to explore geometric
shapes and relationships. They allow students to transform shapes through flips and rotations as well as
to take them apart and put them together in different formations.

a) Ruler

b) Abacus

c) Tangrams
d) A-B Color Pattern

42. Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel's class. What
concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in terms of
height and weight?

a) Development

b) Growth

c) Learning

d) Maturation

43. Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?

a) A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.

b) A high school student gets a score of 85 in mental ability test.

c) An education student has gained knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different
subjects

d) An elementary grader has learned to play piano.

44. Which statements below best describes development?

a) A high school student's height increased by 5'2" to 5'4"

b) A high school student's change in weight from 110 lbs. to 125 lbs.

c) A student had learned to operate the computer

d) A student's enlargement of hips

45. What concept can best describes Francisco's ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months
because of the "internal ripening" that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?

a) Development

b) Growth
c) Learning

d) Maturation

46. Teacher Jesus in now 69 years old has been observing changes in himself such as the aging process.
Which term refers to the development change in the individual?

a) Development

b) Growth

c) Learning

d) Maturation

47. Manuel, a five-year old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term
describes Manuel's action/ behavior?

a) Development

b) Growth

c) Learning

d) Maturation

48. Which of the following theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by
administering a readiness test?

a) Conditioning Theories

b) Cognitive Development Theory

c) Maturation Theory

d) Ethological Theory

49. Mr. Francisco was very much worried about the thumb sucking of his son. A friend of him says that
certain behavior among infants. Who presented that notion that certain behavior like thumb-sucking is
normal behavior?
a) Sigmund Freud

b) Erick Ericson

c) John Bowlly

d) Urie Bronfrenbenner

50. A newborn infant move his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the
following principles is illustrated by his behavior?

a) Development proceeds from specific to general.

b) Development proceeds from general to specific.

c) Development follows an orderly pattern.

d) Development follows a general pattern.

51. Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which
principle supports this?

a) Development is determined by his heredity

b) Development is determined by the environment

c) Early development is more critical than the late development

d) Early development is less critical than late development.

52. Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for
their mother's attention and affection?

a) Oral

b) Anal

c) Phallic

d) Latency
53. Angela focuses her attention on the school work and vigorous play that consume most of her
physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?

a) Oral

b) Anal

c) Phallic

d) Latency

54. Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?

a) Trust

b) Autonomy

c) Initiative

d) Industry

55. Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. "Who
am I"? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?

a) Initiative

b) Identity and Role Confusion

c) Intimacy

d) Autonomy

56. Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to preschool
learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?

a) Sensorimotor

b) Preoperational

c) Concrete operation

d) Formal operation
57. Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself,
and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular
stage?

a) Infancy and early childhood

b) Middle childhood

c) Adolescence

d) Early adulthood

58. Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely highlevels of activity or
hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive?

a) Make him the leader of the class

b) Transfer him to another class

c) Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.

d) Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.

59. Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which of
the following is she showing according to Freud?

a) Complex

b) Phallic

c) Electra Complex

d) Oedipus Complex

60. In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate
Edward who is 11 years old?

a) Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.

b) Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.

c) Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.

d) Experiments with methods to reach goals.

ANSWER:

31. D

32. C

33. A

34. D

35. B

36. C

37. D

38. B

39. B

40. C

41. C

42. B

43. A

44. C

45. D

46. D

47. A

48. C

49. A

50. B

51. B

52. C
53. D

54. A

55. B

56. B

57. B

58. C

59. C

60. A

61. The complex linguistic deficiency marked by the inability to remember and recognize words by
sounds and the inability to break words downinto component units describes:

a) Autism

b) Dyslexia

c) Oral processing disorder

d) Attention deficit disorder

62. __________ concerns a student’s ability to listen and process audible information.

a) Autism

b) Dyslexia

c) Oral processing disorder

d) Attention deficit disorder

63. _________ concerns a student’s ability to focus and maintain attention.

a) Autism

b) Dyslexia
c) Oral processing disorder

d) Attention deficit disorder

64. __________ is a disorder that influences social interaction.

a) Autism

b) Dyslexia

c) Oral processing disorder

d) Attention deficit disorder

65. Above what age does learning a language become increasingly difficult?

a) 3

b) 5

c) 7

d) 10

66. Children typically develop oral language by listening to:

a) Peers

b) Parents

c) Teachers

d) All of the above

67. Which of the following skills have a reciprocal relationship?

a) Reading and phonics

b) Writing and phonics

c) Reading and writing

d) Reading and comprehension

68. Children having difficulties with spelling, reading accuracy, and reading comprehension skills are also
likely to have difficulties with:

a) Math skills

b) Cognitive skills

c) Development factors

d) Speech and language skills

69. Which of the following is a convention of print that children learn during reading activities?

a) The meaning of words

b) The purpose of print

c) The left to right motion

d) The identification of letters

70. Which of the following concepts of print can be taught during a read aloud?

a) Author

b) Title location

c) Front and back of book

d) All of the above

71. Mr. Phillips has called a parent meeting with Maria’s parents. Maria is struggling with acquiring the
necessary comprehension skills to maintain grade level standards. Maria’s parents speak Spanish in the
home and are eager and willing to do anything to help Maria succeed in school. Which of the following
strategies below will help Maria, while maintaining and fostering the importance of her native language?

a) Encouraging Maria’s parents to enroll in an English language course

b) Making sure Maria speaks only English during classroom activities

c) Encouraging Maria’s parents to read and discuss books written in Spanish

d) Ensuring that Maria’s parents only speak English in the home

72. Which of the following literary devices is most commonly found in kindergarten classrooms?

a) Analogy

b) Metaphor

c) Repetition

d) Simile

73. John is having difficulty reading the word reach. In isolation, he pronounces each sound as /r/ /ee/
/sh/. Which of the following is a possible instructional technique which could help solve John’s reading
difficulty?

a) Additional phonemic awareness instruction

b) Additional phonics instruction

c) Additional skill and drill practice

d) Additional minimal pair practice

74. Mrs. Myers has discovered numerous words that are repeatedly spelled wrong in Tina’s writing.
These same words seem to be used by Tina in a lot of her writing as well. What would Mrs. Myers be
best to do?

a) Drill Tina on those words

b) Add those words to Tina’s regular weekly spelling test

c) Work with Tina to make an individual spelling dictionary to help her learn these words

d) Have Tina look the words up in the dictionary and correct them

75. Research into students who are learning English as a second language has found that they have
difficulty manipulating the sound system of English. This difficulty is in which area of reading
development?

a) Comprehension
b) Fluency

c) Phonics

d) Phonemic Awareness

76. The smallest unit of sound that has a different meaning is the:

a) Phoneme

b) Morpheme

c) Syllable

d) Letter

77. A __________ is a word or word part that cannot be divided into any smaller parts of meaning.

a) Phoneme

b) Morpheme

c) Syllable

d) Letter

78. The idea that students need to be able to take spoken words apart and blend different sounds
together to make words describes:

a) The alphabet principle

b) Syntax

c) Phonics

d) Morphology

79. Johnny loves to listen to stories and points to signs all around the room that have letters on them.
This suggests that Johnny:

a) Understands grammar
b) Will be a good reader

c) Has good emergent literacy skills

d) Has good phonemic awareness skills

80. Which of the following is the most commonly practiced strategy to encourage literacy growth?

a) Storybook reading

b) Teaching phonics

c) Teaching fluency

d) Letter identification

81. Which of the following is an appropriate way for students to respond to literature?

a) Art

b) Drama

c) Writing

d) All of the above

82. Which of the following is NOT true about phonological awareness?

a) It may involve print.

b) It starts before letter recognition is taught.

c) It is a prerequisite for spelling and phonics.

d) Activities can be done by the children with their eyes closed.

83. Ms. Walker’s lesson objective is to teach her first graders the concept of morphology in order to
improve their reading skills. Which group of words would be most appropriate for her to use in this
lesson?

a) Far, farm, farmer

b) Far, feather, fever

c) Far, fear, fare

d) Far, fare, farce

84. The concept of __________ is to understand how words relate to each other and can be built upon
to increase reading skills.

a) Morphology

b) Pragmatics

c) Semantics

d) Syntax

85. A teacher writes the following words on the board: cot, cotton, and cottage. What is the teacher
most likely teaching the students about?

a) Morphology

b) Pragmatics

c) Semantics

d) Syntax

86. Children who are having difficulty understanding non-literal expressions are having difficulties with
which of the following areas?

a) Syntax

b) Morphology

c) Semantics

d) Phonics

87. A student that is having difficulty understanding non-literal expressions is having difficulty with
__________.
a) Syntax

b) Morphology

c) Semantics

d) Phonics

88. When introducing new vocabulary to students, the number of new words being taught at one time
should be

a) One to two

b) Two to three

c) Three to four

d) Four to five

89. Students are about to read a text that contains concepts that will be difficult for students to grasp.
When should the vocabulary be introduced to students?

a) Before reading

b) During reading

c) After reading

d) It should not be introduced

90. Repeated readings of the same text are beneficial to developing readers because:

a) Repeated reading helps students memorize the text

b) Repeated reading helps in pairing students

c) Repeated reading ensures students recognize the words readily and can read at an improved pace

d) Repeated reading helps teachers determine students’ level of reading

91. Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the
following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?

a) Microsystem

b) Mesosystem

c) Exosystem

d) Macrosystem

92. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his
behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito
belong?

a) Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt

b) Identity vs. Role Confusion

c) Intimacy vs. Isolation

d) Initiative vs. Guilt

93. Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral development
theory of Lawrence Kholberg?

a) Social contract

b) Law and order orientation

c) Interpersonal concordance

d) Universal ethics orientation

94. What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as
putting the same shapes and the same colors together?

a) Development

b) Maturation

c) Zone of Proximal Development

d) Learning

95. Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the
early childhood education?

a) The young children are capable of doing many things at an early stage.

b) The child should be seen and should learn.

c) The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.

d) Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.

40. Which would be a way for early childhood students to learn about basic geometric concepts?

a) Using a ruler

b) Rote counting

c) Working with tangrams

d) Create an A-B color pattern

96. __________ or puzzle pieces, are excellent manipulatives for children to use to explore geometric
shapes and relationships. They allow students to transform shapes through flips and rotations as well as
to take them apart and put them together in different formations.

a) Ruler

b) Abacus

c) Tangrams

d) A-B Color Pattern

97. Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel's class. What
concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in terms of
height and weight?

a) Development
b) Growth

c) Learning

d) Maturation

98. Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?

a) A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.

b) A high school student gets a score of 85 in mental ability test.

c) An education student has gained knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different
subjects

d) An elementary grader has learned to play piano.

99. Which statements below best describes development?

a) A high school student's height increased by 5'2" to 5'4"

b) A high school student's change in weight from 110 lbs. to 125 lbs.

c) A student had learned to operate the computer

d) A student's enlargement of hips

100. What concept can best describes Francisco's ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months
because of the "internal ripening" that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?

a) Development

b) Growth

c) Learning

d) Maturation

61. B
62. C

63. D

64. A

65. C

66. D

67. C

68. D

69. C

70. D

71. C

72. C

73. A

74. C

75. D

76. A

77. B

78. A

79. C

80. A

81. D

82. A

83. A

84. A

85. A

86. C
87. C

88. B

89. A

90. C

91. C

92. D

93. A

94. C

95. B

96. C

97. C

98. B

99. A

44. C

100. D