A report on

Structural analysis and design

of
Emergency staircase & canopy
of Main block
Lumbini Provincial Hospital

Creative Design Architects Pvt. Ltd.

(November 04, 2022)

1
Contents
List of Figures..........................................................................................................................................3
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................4
Material properties...................................................................................................................................4

Reinforced Concrete Members.............................................................4

Structural steel......................................................................................4
Structural analysis and modelling procedures.........................................................................................4

Loads....................................................................................................5
Wind load parameters...........................................................................5
Seismic design parameters....................................................................9
Response spectrum method................................................................10
Load Combinations:...........................................................................10
Modal analyses:.....................................................................................................................................11
Storey Drift............................................................................................................................................12

Structural Design................................................................................13
Steel design.........................................................................................13
Design of welded connection.................................................................................................................13
Design of pedestals................................................................................................................................14
Design of anchor bolts:..........................................................................................................................15

Member capacity checks:...................................................................16

Tension:.................................................................................................................................................16
Buckling (Clause 7.1):...........................................................................................................................16
Bending (Clause 8.2):............................................................................................................................17
Lateral torsional buckling:.....................................................................................................................17
Shear:.....................................................................................................................................................18
Combined forces....................................................................................................................................19
Overall member strength (Clause 9.3.2)................................................................................................19
Manual design........................................................................................................................................20

2
Member design of ISMB 300 (upper crown- B867).........................20
Gusset Plate Design Check.................................................................24
ISMB 300 connection to Built-up Column.........................................34
Design of base plate and anchor bolts................................................36
Design of foundation..........................................................................37
Seismic Gap Check.............................................................................39

List of Figures
Figure 1: 3D view of the building....................................................................................................4
Figure 2 Storeywise drift check.....................................................................................................12
Figure 3: stress distribution in base plate.......................................................................................14
Figure 4: Arrangement of bolts......................................................................................................15
Figure 5: Prying forces on base plates, cleat angles......................................................................16
Figure 6 Soil Pressure for DL+LL <100 kN/m2..........................................................................38
Figure 7 Top Rebar (max 1277 mm2)...........................................................................................38
Figure 8 Strap Beam longitudinal rebars.......................................................................................39

List of Tables
Table 1: Shells loads........................................................................................................................5

3
Introduction
This report summarizes the procedure for analyzing and designing the steel truss structure below
Figure 1) of the canopy truss.

Figure 1: 3D view of the canopy truss

Material properties
The material specifications of the structural components of the buildings follow IS 875 (Part 1) [2]
and are as follows. `

Reinforced Concrete Members

Concrete of M25 grade (with E=22360.68 MPa, γ =25 kN/m3) and HYSD bars of grade Fe 500
[12] (with E=200000 MPa, μ=0.3, and ρ=7850 kg/m3_) have been adopted for any reinforced
concrete components.

Structural steel
Indian standard steel sections of grade Fe250 has been adopted herein.

Structural analysis and modelling procedures

A full three-dimensional finite element model of the proposed structure is created in ETABS.

4
Loads
The shell loads consists of live and dead loads. The live loads added to the structure are based on IS
875 (Part 2) [2]. Specifically, an inaccessible live load of 0.75 kN/m2 has been adopted in this study.
The dead loads applied to the structure are distinguished into two components, i.e. (a) self-weight, and
(b) superimposed dead loads. The superimposed dead loads in the form of finishing has been applied
to the shell.

Table 1: Shells loads

Room/ Load Sets Name Value (kN/m2)

finishing 1.5
inaccessible live 0.06

Wind load parameters

Estimation of the wind loads follows the IS 875-Part 3

WIND DATA ZONE I

Vb 47 M/S IS:875-PT.3,SEC 5.2
TERRAIN
CATEGORY 2 IS:875-PT.3,SEC 5.3.2.1
CLEAR EAVE
HEIGHT H1 4.2 M
h2 5.057 m
LENGTH L 16.923 M
WIDTH W 7.2 M 1.08
ENCLOSING CONDITION OF THE
BUILDING Open
DESIGN FACTORS
RISK COEFFICENT k1 1.07 IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Cl. 6.3.1, Page(5).
TERRAIN & HEIGHT
IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Cl. 6.3.2, Page(5).
FACTOR k2 0.8
TOPOGRAPHY
IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Cl. 6.3.3, Page(8).
FACTOR k3 1
CYCLONIC FACTOR k4 1 IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Cl. 6.3.4, Page(8).
DESIGN WIND
PRESSURE
WIND SPEED Vz 40.232 M/S IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Cl. 6.3, Page(5).
Pz=0.6Vz^2 Pz 0.9712 kN/m^2
H/W = 0.58
L/W = 2.3504
THUS, 1/2 < H/W ≤ 3/2 and 3/2 |< L/W <4
h1/h2 0.8305

5
Estimation of internal and external pressure coefficients of the building taking C pi =± 0.7:

Note for all cases negative sign on the pressure indicates suction on the outer surface.

6
 IS 875(Part 3) :
2015 Table 5,
Page(13)
POSITIVE COEFFICENT
CPI FOR WALLS
wind
0 0 90 90 180 180 270 270
angle
+Wy +Wy -Wx -Wx -Wy -Wy +Wx +Wx
ROOF
H L H L H L H L
ANGLE
Cpe 5 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.50 -1.00 -1.00 -0.50
Cpe 10 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.40 -1.00 -1.00 -0.50
Cpe 10 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.40 -1.00 -1.00 -0.50
Cpi 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
kc kc 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
kd kd 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
ka ka 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
pd 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
force/area -1.30 -0.92 -1.30 -0.92 -0.84 -1.30 -1.30 -0.92

H1 H2 L1 L2 He Le
-2 -1.5 -2 -1.5 -2 -2
-2 -1.5 -2 -1.5 -2 -2
-2.00 -1.50 -2.00 -1.50 -2.00 -2.00
0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
-2.07 -1.69 -2.07 -1.69 -2.07 -2.07

IS 875(Part 3) : 2015 Table 5,

Page(13)
NEGATIVE
COEFFICENT FOR WALLS
CPI
wind
0 0 90 90 180 180 270 270
angle
+Wy +Wy -Wx -Wx -Wy -Wy +Wx +Wx
ROOF ANGLE H L H L H L
Cpe 5 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.50 -1.00
Cpe 10 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.40 -1.00
Cpe 2 -1.00 -0.50 -1.00 -0.50 -0.56 -1.00 -0.18 -0.18
Cpi -0.70 -0.70 -0.70 -0.70 -0.70 -0.70 -0.70 -0.70
kc kc 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

7
kd kd 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
ka ka 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
pd 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
force/
-0.23 0.15 -0.23 0.15 0.11 -0.23 0.40 0.40
area

Seismic design parameters

The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern (User coefficient) in ETABS
2017 as per NBC 105:2020. This load case is assumed static linear, and all the necessary data are
given as per the following conditions.
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the site lies in the seismic zone of Kathmandu
valley according to NBC 105:2020. The soil type is considered as very soft Soil Site with 5%
damping to determine spectral shape factor. The building is analyzed as steel+ RC composite
concentric braced frame with infill wall load as uniformly distributed load. Therefore, the
fundamental time period Ta is obtained by using the following formula:
0.75
Approximate Time Period, T1 = K t H [Cl.5.1.2, NBC105:2020]

The approximate fundamental time period is increased by amplification factor of 1.25 as per Cl. 5.1.3.
Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows
Zone factor, Z = 0.35 for Kathmandu [Table 4.5, Cl. 4.1.4, IS 105:2020]
Importance factor, I = 1.25 [Table 4.6, Cl. 4.1.5, NBC 105:2020]
Ductility Factor, R [Table 5.2, Cl. 5.3, NBC 105:2020]
For Ultimate Limit State, Rμ =3.5 for RC special moment frame system
For Serviceability Limit State, Rs = 1 for special moment frame system
Over strength Factor, W [Table 5.2, Cl. 5.4, NBC 105:2020]
For Ultimate Limit State, Wu = 1.3 for special moment frame system
For Serviceability Limit State, Ws = 1.15 for special moment frame system
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table -5.1, Cl.5.2, NBC
105:2020)
Clause 10.3 NBC
Height of structure H , m 49.8

height of attached member,hp 42

3 1.237
Empirical time period T =k H 4
1 t

Amplified time period T =1.25 T 1 1.546

Spectral shape factor C h ( T ) 2. 5

8
 Horizontal base shear
Ch(T)=z(1+hp/H)ap/μp 0.2524

Response spectrum method

The horizontal base shear coefficient (i.e. C d ( T ) ) curve for ultimate limit state is defined with a
minimum coefficient of g value.
The base shear computed from the response spectrum analyses is scaled (with pertinent scale factors)
to match those of the equivalent static method. The base shear for the z direction (i.e. vertical) is
scaled using higher of the scale factors used for the x and y directions.

Load Combinations:
Load combinations at limit state as per NBC 105:2020 and IS 800 are as follows:
1.2 DL+1.5≪¿
DL+ 0.3≪± E L x

DL+ 0.3≪± E L y

DL+ 0.3≪± R x

DL+ 0.3≪± R y

DL+ 0.3≪± R z

1.2 DL+1.2≪±1.2 Wx ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪±1.2 Wx ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪±1.2 Wy ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪±1.2 Wy ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪± 0.6Wx ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪± 0.6Wx ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪± 0.6Wy ¿
1.2 DL+1.2≪± 0.6Wy ¿
0.9 DL ± 1.5 Wx ¿
0.9 DL ± 1.5 Wx ¿
0.9 DL ± 1.5 Wy¿
0.9 DL ± 1.5 Wy¿
1.5 DL ± 1.5Wx ¿

9
 1.5 DL ± 1.5Wx ¿
1.5 DL ± 1.5Wy ¿
1.5 DL ± 1.5Wy ¿

where,
DL: dead load (self-weight+superimposed),
LL: live load,
EL: earthquake load (equivalent static),
RL: earthquake load (response spectrum)
W: wind load

C ¿ -> positive C ¿ coefficient

C ¿ -> negative C ¿ coefficient

Note that the subscripts x , y, and z denote the direction of applied forces. The earthquake loads are
applied at ultimate limit state condition.

Storey Drift
As per Cl. 5.6.3 of NBC 105:2020, the story drift to the corresponding story shall not exceed:
0.025 at ultimate limit state
0.006 at serviceability limit state
In this building the story displacement is limited to 75 mm at ultimate limit state and 25.2mm at
serviceability. From the analysis the displacements of the mass center of various floors are obtained
and are shown in along with story drift below.

10
Structural Design Figure 2 Storeywise drift check
The design of reinforced concrete structural elements follows IS 800, IS 456:2000 [4] and
NBC105:2020 [1] codes.

Steel design
The design assumes the structural framing type of special concentric braced frame. The adopted
sections ISMB, ISNB and ISMC are of section class 1. The ISMC built up column is semi compact,
buckling class is a. The ISNB sections are of column buckling class “a” along all axes and section
class is class 1, whereas the ISMB are of buckling class “a” along all axes. Connections between any
two truss element is welded. The partial safety factors assumed are as follows:
definition symbol value
resistance governed by yielding γ m0 1.10

resistance governed by buckling γ m0 1.10

resistance governed by ultimate stress γ m1 1.25

11
 field welds γ mw 1.50

field bolted connections γ mb or γ mf 1.25

Design of welded connection

Design weld capacity of the connection is given by:
lw tt f u
Rdw =
√ 3 γ mw
Where l w is the thickness of the weld, t t is the throat thickness, f u=410 MPa is the ultimate
strength of the material, and γ mw =1.5 is the partial safety factor for site welding. When subjected to
a combination of normal and shear stress, the equivalent stress f e,

fu
f e =√ f a +3 q ≤
2 2

√3 γ mw
P
Where, f a or q=
tt lw

The weld capacity is should be greater than the design yield capacity R y of the section by an
overstrength γ ov , i.e.,

Rdw ≥1.1 γ ov R y

Herein, γ ov =1.25.

12
Design of pedestals
Design of moment resisting base plates:

Figure 3: stress distribution in base plate

The combined stress due to axial load and bending moment as shown in Figure 3 is
P 6e
f= (1 ± )
LB L
The length L of the base plate is selected such that, eccentricity e ≤ L/6

The width of the base plate is then

2P
B=
0.45 f ck L
while the thickness of the base plate is estimated from
1.2 f y B t 2
M b= ×
γm , 0 6
The minimum thickness of rectangular bases under axial compression should satisfy (Clause 7.4.3.1)

√
t s= 2.5 w ( a −0.3 b ) γ m 0 /f y >t f
2 2

13
Design of anchor bolts:
Axial force + moment
For the following arrangement of the bolts (as an example, Figure 4)

Figure 4: Arrangement of bolts

Axial force on the bolts is

M P
F b= −
2x 4
Where, x is the distance between the bolt lines, F b is the axial force on a single bolt.

The tensile capacity based on concrete pull-out resistance is

N u=k √ f ck l
1.5

Where k =15.5 for cast in-situ bolts, l is the embedment length

The axial capacity of a bolt is then:

}
Rnb=0.9 f ub A nv
f A γ > F b /n
0.9 f ub Anv < yb sb mb
γm 0

Where n ≥ 2 is the number of bolts per row.

The embedment length of the anchor bolt is then,

d fy
l= ×
4 τ bd γ m 0

Where, bond strength of M 25 concrete is τ bd=1.4 MPa.

Prying force
Prying force in base plates and structural members flanges (Clause 10.4.7, IS 800, Figure 5) :
4
lv βη f o b c t
Q= [T e − 2
]
2 le 27 l e l v

14
 Figure 5: Prying forces on base plates, cleat angles

Shear force
The design shear capacity of the bolts is given by (Clause 10.3.3, IS 800):
V nsb
V dsb =
γ mb
fu
Where, V nsb = (nn A nb+ ns A sb )
√3

Combined shear and tension capacity of the bolts:

(Clause 10.3.6, IS 800)

( )( )
2 2
V sb Tb
+ ≤ 1.0
V db T db

Member capacity checks:

Tension:
Design strength due to yielding of gross section is:
T dg= A g f y /γ m 0
Design strength due to rupture of critical (net) section:
T dn=0.9 A n f u /γ m 1

15
Buckling (Clause 7.1):
The design compressive strength of member is P< Pd , where Pd = Ae f cd . Here, Ae effective
sectional area (usually the gross cross-sectional area of the member), while f cd is the design
compressive strength estimated as follows:
f y /γ m 0
f cd =
2 0.5
ϕ+ [ ϕ −λ ]
2

ϕ=0.5 [ 1+ α ( λ−0.2 ) + λ 2 ]

λ=√ f y /f cc
2
π E
f cc =
( )
2
KL
r
α equals 0.21, 0.34, or 0.49 for buckling class a, b or c respectively.

Bending (Clause 8.2):

For laterally supported beams, when the factored design shear force does not exceed 0.6 V d (where
V d is the design shear strength of the section), the design bending strength M d is given by:

βb Z p f y
M d=
γ m0
Under serviceability conditions,
M d <1.2 Z e f y /γ m 0 for simply supported condition

M d <1.5 Z e f y /γ m 0 for cantilever condition

if
A nf f y γ m 1 1
< × ×
A gf f u γ m 0 0.9
Reduced effective flange area is used in estimating design bending moment as per Clause 8.2.1.4.

Shear lag effect: shear lag effects are disregarded as per clause 8.2.1.5.

Lateral torsional buckling:

The design bending strength of laterally unsupported beam as governed by lateral torsional buckling
is given by :
M d =β b Z p f bd

16
Where,
f bd= χ ¿ f y / γ m 0

1
χ ¿= 0.5
≤1
ϕ ¿ + [ ϕ − λ¿ ]
2 2
¿

ϕ ¿ =0.5 [ 1+α ¿ ( λ¿ −0.2 ) + λ 2¿ ]

α ¿ equals 0.21 for rolled steel section, 0.49 for welded steel section
λ ¿= √ β b Z p f y / M cr ≤ √ 1.2 Z e f y / M cr
M cr =β b Z p f cr ,b

Where, f cr , b is obtained from Table 14 in case of simply supported conditions. More general
conditions are evaluated as per Annex E of IS800

Shear:
The factored design shear force V in a beam due to external actions satisfy V ≤V n /γ m 0

The nominal plastic shear resistance under pure shear is given by:
A v f yw
V n=
√3
Where A v is the shear area of the member.

Resistance to shear buckling:

the member is resistant shear buckling when
d
>67 ϵ for web without stiffeners,
tw

ϵ = √ 250 / f y

The shear buckling strength is estimated from the following (Clause 8.4.2.2):
V n ≤V cr

V cr = A v τ b

τ b is the shear stress corresponding to web buckling determined as

17
 {
f yw
when λ w ≤0.8
√3
f
τ b= [ 1−0.8 ( λ w −0.8 ) ] yw when0.8 ≤ λ w < 1.2
√3
f yw
when λ w ≥ 1.2
λw √ 3
2

λ w =√ f yw /( √ 3 τ cr ,e )
2
Kv π E
τ cr , e =
( )
2
d
12 ( 1−μ )
2
tw

Combined forces
Combined shear and bending (Clause 9.2)
For Plastic section:

M dv =M d −β ( M d −M fd ) ≤1.2 Z e f y /γ m 0

( )
2
2V
Where β= −1
Vd

Overall member strength (Clause 9.3.2)

Combined bending and axial tension
Reduced member strength M eff does not exceed the bending strength due to lateral torsional buckling.

[
M eff = M −
ψT Z eq
A ]
≤ Md

Combined bending and axial compression

Members subjected to combined axial compression and biaxial bending shall satisfy the following
interaction relationship:

P C my M y K ¿ M z
+K y + ≤ 1.0
P dy M dy M dz

P Cmy M y C mz M z
+0.6 K y +K z ≤ 1.0
P dz M dy M dz

18
19
Beam design check

Purlin Design check

Live Load = 0.75 kN/m2

Dead load = 0.3 kN/m2
Wind load = 1.007 kN/m2
span of truss = 4.14 m
DL+WL = 1.307 kN/m2
4.34028
bending moment = 2 kN-m
= 4340282 N-mm
σ = 250 Mpa
0.66σ = 165 Mpa
I required = 1315237 mm4
I provided = 2343000 mm4

deflection = 15.74 mm
permissible 17.2666
deflection(L/240) = 7 mm
Hence,o
k

Baseplate Design check

20
21
References
[1] NBC 105:2020: Nepal national building code
[2] IS:875 (Part 1) – 1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 1, dead loads – unit weight of building materials and stored
materials (second revision)
[3] IS:875 (Part 2) - 1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 2 imposed load (second revision)
[4] IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
[5] FEMA 273 – 1997 NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings
[6] Bowles JE, Foundation analysis and design (1988).
[7] Murthy VNA, Geotechnical engineering: principles and practices of soil mechanics and
foundation engineering
[8] IS 1893 (Part 1) - 2016 Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 1, general provisions
and buildings
[9] IS 1893 (Part 2) - 2014 Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, liquid retaining
tanks
[10] IS 1893 (Part 3) - 2014 Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, bridges and
retaining walls
[11] SP 7 – 2005 National building code of India
[12] IS 1786 – 2008 High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement

22