MODULE3:THEWEBANDTHE INTERNET
Overview
Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over
the web. However, it can be defined in many ways; internet is a world-wide
global system of interconnected computer networks.
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations
that have emerged over the past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.
Lesson1: The Web
The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages
containing text and graphic images. The World Wide Web is larger collection of
interconnected documents or content. It contains hypertext links or highlighted
keywords and images that lead to related information. A collection of linked Web
pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The main page that all
of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called
the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, also known as Tim BL, is an
English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide
Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a
professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
A. Web 1.0(Read Only Static Web)
It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage
worldwide linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses
table to positions and align elements on page.
• Most read only web. If focused on company’s homepages.
• Dividing the world wide web in to usable directories
• It means web issue as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”
ExampleofWeb1.0
• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.
Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards
B. Web 2.0(Read-write interactive web)
A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an
increasing emphasis on human collaboration.
Itisaplatformthatgivesusersthepossibility(liberty)tocontroltheirdata.
Thisisaboutuser-generatedcontentandtheread-writeweb.
Peopleareconsumingaswellascontributinginformationthroughblogsorsites.
AllowstheusertointeractwiththepageknownasDYNAMICPAGE;insteadofjustreadin
g apage,theusermaybeabletocommentorcreateauseraccount.Dynamic page
refers to the web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online
via social media, blogging and Web-based communities.
ExampleofWeb2.0arethefollowing:
A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-basedsocialmediasitesto stay
connected
withfriends,family,colleagues,customers,orclients.Socialnetworkingcanhave a
social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:
Example
Faceboo Pinterest
k Twitter Tumblr
LinkedIn Instagram
Google+ Page
B. Blogs-isadiscussionorinformationalwebsitepublishedontheworldwide
webconsisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts
are typically
displayedinreversechronologicalorder,sothatthemostrecentpostappearsfirst,atth
etop of the web page.
Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler
C. Wikis-
isahypertextpublicationcollaborativelyeditedandmanagedbyitsownaudience
directlyusingawebbrowser.Atypicalwikicontainsmultiplepagesforthesubjectsorsc
ope
oftheprojectandmaybeeitheropentothepublicorlimitedtousewithinanorganization
for maintaining its internal knowledge base.
Example:
Wikipedi Wikivoyag
a e
Wikibook WikidataW
sWikivers ikinewsWi
ity kispecies
Common MediaWiki
s
Wiktionar
y
Wikiquot
e
D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share
theirvideoclips with the public at large or to invited guests.
Example:
Youtube Photobuck
Facebook et
LinkedIn TwitterVeo
Flickr hDailymoti
Photobuck on
et LinkedIn VimeoPRO
Flickr Myspace.co
m Metacafe
KeyFeaturesofWeb 2.0:
Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information
using freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).
Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input.
An example would be a website that shows local content.
User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to
put content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of
comments, reviews, and evaluation.
LongTail–servicesareofferedondemandratherthanonaone-
timepurchase.This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that
charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan
that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.
C. Web3.0:(Read-writeintelligentweb)
• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third
generation of theweb.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded
with more features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way
interaction.
• Web3.0willbemore connected,open,andintelligent,withsemanticweb
technologies,distributeddatabases,naturallanguageprocessing,machinele
arning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and
reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• Itisawebof data.
PAGE |4
• Changingthewebintoalanguagethatcanbereadandcategorizedbythesystem
rather than humans.
Typesofwebsites:
• eCommerceWebsite
isawebsitepeoplecandirectlybuyproductsfromyou’veprobablyuseda
numberofeCommercewebsitesbefore,mostbigbrandsandplentyofsmaller ones
PAGE |5
have one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to
providecredit card information to make a purchase falls into this
category.
• BusinessWebsite
isanywebsitethat’sdevotedtorepresentingaspecificbusiness.Itshould
be
brandedlikethebusiness(thesamelogoandpositioning)andcommunicatethe
types of products and/or services the business offers.
• EntertainmentWebsite
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably
think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
• PortfolioWebsite
are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service
providers who
wanttoshowpotentialclientsthequalityoftheworktheyprovidecanuseaportfo
lio website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done.
This type of
websiteissimplertobuildthanabusinesswebsiteandmorefocusedonaparticul
ar task: collecting work samples.
• MediaWebsite
collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here
with
entertainmentwebsites,butmediawebsitesaremorelikelytoincludereported
pieces in addition to or instead of content meant purely for
entertainment.
• BrochureWebsite
are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that
know they
needanonlinepresence,butdon’twanttoinvestalotintoit(maybeyou’reconfid
ent you’ll continue to get most of your business from other sources), a
simple brochure
sitethatincludesjustafewpagesthatlayoutthebasicsofwhatyoudoandprovid
e contact information may be enough for you.
• NonprofitWebsite
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online
presence,
nonprofitsdoaswell.Anonprofitwebsiteistheeasiestwayformanypotentialdo
nors
tomakedonationsandwillbethefirstplacemanypeoplelooktolearnmoreabout
a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.
• EducationalWebsite
Thewebsitesofeducationalinstitutionsandthoseofferingonlinecourse
sfall into the category of educational websites. These websites have the
primary goal of either providing educational materials to visitors or
providing information on an educational institution to them.
PAGE |6
• InfopreneurWebsite
websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but
they represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and
sell information products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials,
videos or eBooks.
• PersonalWebsite
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another.
Many people find value in creating personal websites to put their own
thoughts out into the world.
Thiscategoryincludespersonalblogs,vlogs,andphotodiariespeoplesharewit
hthe world.
PAGE |7
• WebPortal
areoftenwebsitesdesignedforinternalpurposesatabusiness,organiza
tion, or institution. They collect information in different formats from
different sources into oneplacetomakeall relevant
informationaccessibletothepeoplewhoneedtosee it. They often involve a
login and personalized views for different users that ensure the
information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular needs.
• WikiorCommunityForumWebsite
Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous
example of one out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty
much any subject you can
imagine.Awikiisanywebsitewherevarioususersareabletocollaborateoncont
ent and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are
wikis for fan
communities,forbusinessresources,andforcollectingvaluableinformationso
urces.
PAGE |8
Lesson2:TheInternet
TheInternetor“net”(networkofnetwork)isthelargestcomputernetworkintheworldthatcon
nects
billionsofcomputeruser.Thewordinternetcomesfromcombinationbetween“interconnecti
on”and
“network”.Networkisacollectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedviacommunicationch
annels
andtransmissionmediaallowtoshareresources(hardware,software,data,information).Ge
nerally, nobody owns the internet.
A. Brief History of Internet
ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an
experimental
computernetwork.Concept–Noserver,butequalimportance/participationtoeverycompute
rinthe
network.Evenif,oneortwonodedestroyedthatwillnowaffectthenetwork.In1982thewordint
ernet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University
1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all
people can connect to the internet and
improvetheirlifeandworkquality.Theinternetsupportvariousaspectsinourlife.VintonGray
Cerf
ForMemRSisanAmericanInternetpioneerandisrecognizedasoneof"thefathersoftheIntern
et", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.
B. MajorComponents ofthe Internet
1. Servers–
isacomputerprogramthatprovidesservicetoanothercomputerprogra
m and it’s user.
TypesofServers
ApplicationServer–aprogramincomputerthatprovidesthebusiness
logicforanapplicationprogram.
WebServer–
acomputerprogramthatservesrequestedHTMLpages
or files.
ProxyServer–
isasoftwarethatactsasanintermediarybetweena
n
endpointdevice,suchascomputerandanotherser
ver from which a user is requesting.
Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from
local usersandremotesendersandforwardoutgoinge-
PAGE |9
mailfor delivery
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage
andmanagementofdatafilessothatothercomputeronth
esame network can access them.
PolicyServer–isasecuritycomponentofapolicy–
basednetworkthat
providesauthorizationservicesandfacilitiestracking
and control of files.
2. IPAddress(InternetProtocol)–isanumericallabelassignedtoeachdevice.This
providesidentitytoanetworkdevice.
3. Browser–isanapplicationprogramthatprovidesawaytolookinformationon
PAGE |10
theweb.
Exampleofbrowsers:Googlechrome,safari,internetexplorer,opera,
Mozilla
4. DomainNameSystem(DNS)–isthephonebookofinternet.Weaccessinformation
onlinethroughdomainnames.
ExampleofDNS:www.facebook.com,www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu
Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov NationalandStateGovernmentAgencie
s
.ph Philippines
.au Australia
5. InternetServiceProvide(ISP)–isanorganizationthatprovidesservicesforaccessing,
usingorparticipatingintheinternet.
TwotypesofISP:
NationalISP–providedinternetaccesstoaspecificgeographic
area.
RegionalISP–
businessthatprovidesinternetaccessincitiesan
d towns nationwide.
ExampleofISP:SkyBroadband,PLDT,Converge
C. Usesof Internet
• Lookforinformation
• Schoolworks,jobs,andhomepurposes
• Sendandreceiveelectronicmail
• Videoteleconferencing(videocall,videochat)
• Buyandsellproduct
• Socialnetworking
• Watch&postvideos
• Games
• Takecollegecourses
• Monitorhomewhileaway
• Financialtransactions
• Downloadmusicandmovies
D. InternetTerms andDefinition
• Internet-Aglobalnetworkofthousandsofcomputernetworkslinkedbydatalinesand
PAGE |11
wireless systems.
• Web–acollectionofbillionsofwebpagesthatyoucanviewwithaweb browser
PAGE |12
• Email–themostcommonmethodofsendingandreceivingmessagesonline
• Socialmedia–
websitesandappsthatallowpeopletosharecomments,photos,andvideos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each
other over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application
updates can typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML-
HypertextMarkupLanguageisacodinglanguageusedtotellabrowserhowto
place
pictures,text,multimediaandlinkstocreateawebpage.Whenauserclickson
alinkwithin
awebpage,thatlink,whichiscodedwithHTML,linkstheusertoaspecificlinked
webpage.
• URL-
UniformResourceLocatorisawebaddressusedtoconnecttoaremoteresour
ceon the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For
example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte-generallyconsistsofeightbits.
• Upload-Touploadistotransferdatafromyourcomputertoanothercomputer.
• Download-
Todownloadistotransferdatafromanothercomputertoyourcomputer.
• HTTP - is theacronymfor Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data
communication standard of web pages. When a web page has this
prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web
browser.
• HTTPS-
istheacronymforHypertextTransferProtocolSecure.Thisindicatesthatthe
web page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal
information and passwords from others.
• Routerorrouter-
modemcombinationisthehardwaredevicethatactsasthetrafficcopfor
network signals arriving at your home or business from yourISP. A
router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden
from eavesdroppers.Encryptionuses complex math formulas to turn
private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers
can unscramble.
• Web Bot- A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and
intelligent agents) used on the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive
function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups or doing
searches for information.
• Search Engine -specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that
lets www browser users search for information on the web by using
keywords, phrases.
PAGE |13
Assessment
1. WhatarethefourexamplesofWeb2.0
2. Whoaretheinventor/fatheroftheinternetandwww?
3. Giveatleast6usesoftheinternet.
4. Defineweb,web1.0,2.0and3.0
5. Whatarethedifferenttypesofservers?
6. Give5typesofwebsiteanditsfeatures.
7. Whatarethetop-leveldomains?
8. WhatarethetwotypesofISP?
9. DNSstandsfor?Andgivesomeexamples.
10.Giveexamplesofbrowsers.
PAGE |14
