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PDF Computer Vision

Uploaded by

dwivediudit0105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER VISION

Introduc on- Computer Vision is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that


enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data (images
or videos). Computer vision systems use a combination of techniques from
mathematics, computer science, and machine learning to process and analyse
images.

Applications of Computer Vision


 Facial Recognition: Used for unlocking devices, security systems, or even
in social media apps for tagging people in photos.
 Medical Imaging: Doctors use computer vision to analyse X-rays, CT
scans, or MRI images to detect diseases like cancer.
 Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars use computer vision to identify
roads, pedestrians, and other vehicles.
 Manufacturing: In factories, computer vision helps in quality control by
inspecting products for defects.
 Retail: Stores use computer vision for inventory management and checkout
systems.
 Face Filter:

Basics of Images
An image is a visual representation of something, typically captured or created
digitally or physically. In the digital world, images are composed of tiny units
called pixels.

Pixels: The word “pixel” means a picture element. Pixel is the smallest element
of an image on a computer desktop. A screen is made up of a matrix of thousands
or millions of pixels. A pixel is represented with a dot or a square on a computer
screen. Each pixel has a value, or a unique logical address. It can have only one
colour at a time. Colour of a pixel is determined by the number of bits which is
used to represent it.
Resolution- A resolution of a computer screen depends upon graphics card and
display monitor, the quantity, size and colour combination of pixels.
Refers to the number of pixels in an image. Higher resolution means more pixels,
and therefore more detail.
Common resolution units are width × height (e.g., 1920 × 1080 pixels).
Pixel value
• Pixel value represent the brightness of the pixel.
• The range of a pixel value in 0-255
• where 0 is taken as Black or no colour and 255 is taken as white
Why do pixel values have numbers?
 Computer systems only work in the form of ones and zeros or binary
systems. Each bit in a computer system can have either a zero or a one.
Each pixel uses 1 byte of an image each bit can have two possible values
which tells us that the 8 bits can have 255 possibilities of values that start
from 0 and ends at 255.
Grayscale Images
 Grayscale images are images which have a range of shades of Gray without
apparent colour.
 The lightest shade is white total presence of colour or 255 and darkest
colour is black at 0.
 Intermediate shades of Gray have equal brightness levels of the three
primary colours RBG.
 The computers store the images we see in the form of these numbers.
RBG colours
• All the coloured images are made up of three primary colours Red, Green and
Blue.
• All the other colour are formed by using these primary colours at different
proportions.
• Computer stores RGB Images in three different channels called the R channel,
G channel and the B channel.
Image Features-
 In digital imaging, image features refer to the different visual elements and
characteristics that make up an image. These features help define the
content, quality, and properties of an image. Image features can be used in
various fields like image processing, computer vision, machine learning,
and graphic design. Below are the key features and characteristics that are
commonly analysed in images.
Introduc on to OPENCV
OpenCV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) is an open-source, cross-
platform computer vision and machine learning software library. It was initially
developed by Intel and has since grown to become one of the most widely used
libraries for real-time computer vision applications.
OpenCV provides a wide range of tools for tasks such as image and video
processing, object detection, face recognition, image stitching, motion tracking,
and more. It supports a variety of programming languages, including C++,
Python, Java, and MATLAB/Octave, with Python being one of the most popular
interfaces.

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