This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been

fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2864604, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
1

A Compact Dual-band Dual-polarized Antenna

with Filtering Structures for Sub-6 GHz Base
Station Applications1
Ying Liu, Senior Member, IEEE, Sihao Wang, Na Li, Jingbo Wang and Jianping Zhao

isolation [14]-[16]. Currently, the best approach in the literature

Abstract—This letter presents a novel compact dual-band is to place two filtering antenna arrays side by side to supress
dual-polarized antenna with filtering structures for Sub-6 GHz the mutual coupling without insertion of any decoupling
base station applications. It is operating at the LTE (2500-2690 networks [17]-[18]. However, these methods lead to increase
MHz) and Sub-6 GHz of 5 G (3300-3600 MHz) bands, where the the width of the antenna array. Furthermore, both the LB and
center frequency of upper-band (UB) is 1.32 times of lower-band UB elements were not on the central axis of reflector, which
(LB). Mutual coupling between LB and UB is suppressed by the
introduction of the filtering stubs near the feeding lines. A
can result in asymmetry of the far-field radiation patterns.
sufficiently high isolation between LB and UB (>25 dB) is also In this letter, a compact dual-band dual-polarized
obtained. The size of the proposed antenna is only 0.43 𝝀𝟏 × 0.43 symmetrical antenna with filtering structure is presented for
𝝀𝟏 × 0.26 𝝀𝟏 (𝝀𝟏 is the free-wavelength at 2.6 GHz). The half sub6 GHz base station antenna applications. The two operating
power beam widths (HPBW) are 65° ± 5° over both bands at bands are very close to each other (the center frequency of UB
horizontal planes. A four-element array which consists of four is 1.32 times of LB). By using the L-shaped and C-shaped
hybrid antennas (the UB element is nested in the LB element) with filtering stubs to suppress the mutual coupling, high
a small array width (only 105 mm) is also studied. The proposed port-to-port isolation is achieved between LB and UB (> 25dB).
antenna and its array are suitable for wireless communication Unlike the traditional dual-band and dual-polarization antenna
applications.
arrays, the proposed array is composed of four hybrid antennas
Index Terms—Dual-band, dual-polarized, filtering stubs, base
station antenna array. (the UB element is nested in the LB element). The proposed
antenna array solves a series of problems such as the large array
I. INTRODUCTION width, asymmetric radiation pattern and insufficient isolation,
in the case of two frequency bands are very close. Various
ue to the rapid growth of user groups and the increased
D attention on the quality of communication, the
characteristics of the arrays in [11-13], [17] and [18] along with
the proposed one are tabulated in Table I for comparison.
communication operators urgently need to expand the
communication system. Therefore, the research of dual-band II. ANTENNA UNIT
base station antenna with small volume has important
theoretical and practical value. To achieve dual-band A. The Geometry of the Proposed Antenna
characteristics, one way is to share an element with LB and UB The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig 1, the
[1]-[4]. These antennas are unable to adjust the down-title antenna structure is printed on a thin (0.8 mm) F4B substrate
angles in LB and UB independently. Another method is to use with a relative permittivity of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.02.
separated antenna elements such as in [5]-[13]. With the UB The UB element is nested inside the LB element, both of which
elements nested in LB elements, the antennas realized are fixed on the reflector by the bumps. The size of the reflector
dual-band and dual-polarized characteristics. Usually the center is 105×105 mm2 for the stability of radiation performance.
frequency of UB is twice as much as the LB’s, so the As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a), the LB element is composed
interaction between LB and UB elements is relatively small. of two pairs of bent dipoles to achieve vertical and horizontal
However, when the operating frequency bands are close to polarizations. Dipole 1 and 2 are named pair I, fed by power
each other, the mutual coupling between different operating divider #1 (PD #1) from port 1. Dipole 3 and 4 are named pair II,
bands becomes noticeable. To solve this problem, the LB and fed by PD #2 from port 2. Each dipole is bent downward to
UB antenna arrays are commonly placed side by side, with an reduce the size of the LB element. Both edges of the dipole
additional decoupling network between them to improve the have serrated complementary bumps, which make the LB
element more stable. A C-shaped filtering stub is placed next to
the feeding line, the total length of which is 35.4 mm.
1
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(b), the UB element consists of
(No. 61372001)
The authors are with the National Key Laboratory of Antennas and
two crossed dipoles to achieve ± 45°polarization. There has
Microwave Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Information been l olot of research on cross-dipoles[19][20].Each dipole
Sensing and Understanding, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710071, China. consists of a main radiator and two feeding structures, which
(e-mail: [email protected]). are fed at the end of the feeding line by 50 ohm coaxial cable.
Jianping Zhao is with Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, China.

1536-1225 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2864604, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
2

TABLE I
Comparison of Various Characteristics of The Proposed Antenna with The Designs in [11-13], [17] and [18].
Operate Frequency R(U/L) Array Width Arrangement Polarization Isolation (dB) Gain of XPD of
Ref (GHz) (𝜆L) Schemes (LB and UB) Unit (dBi) Unite (dB)
[11] 0.7-0.96 & 1.71-2.69 1.78 0.39 Embedded Dual - 8.4 & 8.7 22 & 19
[12] 0.7-0.96 & 1.71-2.7 1.78 0.42 Embedded Dual - 8.6 & 8.3 18 & 18
[13] 0.79-0.96 & 1.71-2.7 1.78 ~ 0.50 Embedded Dual - 8.6 & 8.3 20 & 20
[17] 1.71-1.88 & 1.92-2.17 1.02 1.14 Side by side Single 30 ~ 8.2 & ~ 8.6 16 & 12
[18] 1.71-2.17 & 2.49-2.69 1.15 ~ 0.75 Side by side Dual 30 8.5 & 8.1 15 & 15
Proposed 2.5-2.7 & 3.3-3.6 1.22 0.41 Embedded Dual 25 8.4 & 7.7 19 & 13
（Where R(U/L) is the ratio of the start frequency of the UB and the stop frequency of the LB, 𝜆L is the free-wavelength at start frequency.）

W
LB element UB element B. The Mechanism of Inhibition of Mutual Coupling

reflector

h1
Y
X
Gw
(a)
Power divider of LB

(a)

Dipoles 3
Dipoles 1 Dipoles 2

(b)
Port 2
Fig. 3. Current distributions on the feeding line of (a) UB element when port 1
PD #2
is excited at 2.6 GHz, (b) LB element when port 3 is excited at 3.45 GHz
w L1
Open C1 Short
Y C2
Dipoles 4 Port 1 PD #1 X Ra L2 Ra
Input R1 Input
R2
(b)
Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna: (a) overall view, (b) top view. (a) (b)
Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit of the antenna with the (a) C-shaped stub, (b)
ld1 wd1 L-shaped stub.
wd2 12 Lb = 0
ld2 La =0 25
Lb = 20.4 mm
10 La= 33.4 mm
lr2 20 Lb = 21.4 mm
Bump La = 35.4 mm
lr3 8 Lb = 22.4 mm
h2 La = 37.4 mm
lr1
VSWR 15
VSWR

6
C-shaped dr
stub wr Bump 10
hr 4

2 5

(a) 0 0
Bump L-shaped 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
stub Frequency(GHz) Frequency(GHz)
Slot 2 (a) (b)
Fig. 5. Simulated VSWRs of the proposed antenna with different (a) La, when
h1 antenna working at LB. (b) Lb, when antenna working at UB.
lx2
10
wx -10
5
-20
lx1 hx
Gain(dBi)

0
S13 (dB)

Port 3 Port 4
Slot 1 Bump
-30 -5
(b) Without L and C-stubs LB of proposed (port 1)
Without C-stub
Fig. 2. Geometry of the (a) dipoles of the LB element and (b) feeding structures -40
Without L-stub
-10 LB Without C-stub (port 1)
UB of proposed (port 3)
of the UB element. Proposed -15 UB Without L-stub (port 3)
-50
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
Frequency (GHz) Frequency(GHz)
The main radiator consists of four square patches, each of
(a) (b)
which has a fan-shaped slot and two chamfers to increase the Fig. 6. (a) Simulated S13 and (b) simulated boresight gains in various cases.
impedance bandwidth and reduce the size. The two feeding
structures are vertically mounted between the main radiator and The comparison of the surface current distribution
reflector. An L-shaped filtering stub is short-circuited to the without/with filtering structure is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen
feeding line, the total length of which is 21.4mm. that the current distributed on the feeding line of UB element
The two bands use different polarization methods, which can would be very strong at 2.6 GHz without the addition of
not only reduce the size, but also help to reduce the mutual L-shaped stub. However, when the L-shaped stub is added, the
coupling between LB and UB. And, the polarization rotation current originally distributed on the feeding line of the UB
processing can be performed at the baseband later. element is now directed to the L-shaped filtering stub. Thus the

1536-1225 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2864604, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
3

L-shaped stub effectively suppresses the current flowing to port not very good, but it is still less than -30 dB within the operating
3, resulting in better port isolation between LB and UB band. This disagreement could be caused by insufficient
elements at lower operating band. Meanwhile the addition of machine accuracy. The measured S11 and S22 are lower than -15
C-shaped stub can restrict the currents flowing to port 1 at 3.45 dB from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz for LB, and S33 and S44 are lower
GHz, which would reduce the mutual coupling between the LB than -15 dB from 3.3 GHz to 3.6 GHz for UB. Polarization
and UB elements at upper band effectively. isolation >30 dB are achieved for both LB and UB.
In order to better understand the working mechanism of the
C-shaped and L-shaped filtering stubs, the equivalent circuit
models are shown in Fig. 4. Where Ra is the radiation resistance
of the antenna, and L1, C1, R1 (L2, C2, R2) are inductances,
capacitances, resistances introduced by C-shaped (L-shaped)
stub, respectively. The C-shaped stub near the feeding line of
LB is responsible for Sub-6 GHz band, which acts as a
half-wavelength resonator. It can be equivalent to a parallel
RLC circuit resonant in series in the main circuit. The
impedance at both ends tends to infinity, and the current can’t
be effectively transmitted. The L-shaped stub short-circuited to
the feeding line of UB is responsible for LTE band, which acts Fig. 7. Fabricated prototype of the antenna unite.
as a quarter-wavelength resonator. The resonant circuit is S11(sim) S22(sim) S12(sim) S33(sim) S44(sim) S34(sim)
0 0
connected in parallel with the main circuit of the antenna S11(mea) S22(mea) S12(mea) S33(mea) S44(mea) S34(mea)
-10
equivalent circuit. When the series resonant circuit is in -10

S-parameters (dB)
S-parameters (dB)
resonance, the impedance approaches minimum. Then the -20 -20

current is reflected, which causes the antenna to be mismatched -30

-30

at the notched frequency point. -40

-40

Fig. 4(a) and (b) show how the total lengths of the C and -50
-50
L-shaped stubs (La and Lb) determine the notched frequencies 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
respectively. La and Lb are the total lengths of the C and Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

L-shaped stubs, respectively (𝐿𝑎 = (𝑙𝑟1 + 𝑙𝑟2 × 2 + (a) (b)

𝑙𝑟3 × 2); 𝐿𝑏 = 𝑙𝑥1 + 𝑙𝑥2) Fig. 8. Simulated and measured S-parameters for LB and UB of the proposed
The simulated isolation between the ports of LB and UB (S13) antenna. (a) LB, (b) UB.
0 0
2.5GHz(Co.) 3.3GHz(Co.)
is studied in the cases with or without the filtering stubs, as 0 -30 30
2.6GHz(Co.)
0 -30 30
3.45GHz(Co.)
3.6GHz(Co.)
-10 2.7GHz(Co.) -10
shown in Fig. 6(a). It can be observed that the isolation is -20
-60 60
-20
-60 60

obviously improved (about 15 dB) in both LB and UB by using -30 -30

the filtering stubs. The simulated boresight gain of the proposed -40 -90 90 -40 -90 90

antenna is presented in Fig. 6(b), which shows good in-band

radiation performance and perfect out-band rejection -120 120
2.5GHz(Cro.)
-120 120
3.3GHz(Cro.)
3.45GHz(Cro.)
2.6GHz(Cro.)
performance. -150 150 2.7GHz(Cro.) -150 150
3.6GHz(Cro.)
180 180
TABLE II
Optimized Parameters of The Proposed Antenna (Units: mm). (a)
0 0
0 2.5GHz(Co.) 0 3.3GHz(Co.)
-30 30 -30 30
2.6GHz(Co.) 3.45GHz(Co.)
Parameters Gw W dr h1 h2 hr hx -10 2.7GHz(Co.) -10 3.6GHz(Co.)
-60 60 -60 60
-20 -20
Value 105 28 0.2 25 30 4.7 2.7
-30 -30

Parameters ld1 ld2 lr1 lr2 lr3 lx1 lx2 -40 -90 90 -40 -90 90

Value 22.7 6 7.8 10.8 3 5 16.4

-120 120 -120 120
2.5GHz(Cro.) 3.3GHz(Cro.)
Parameters wd1 wd2 wr wx 2.6GHz(Cro.) 3.45GHz(Cro.)
2.7GHz(Cro.) 3.6GHz(Cro.)
-150 150 -150 150

Value 5 8 1.3 0.5 180 180

(b)
Fig. 9. Measured normalized radiation patterns. (a) H-plane. (b) V-plane.
C. Performance 10

To validate the proposed design, the antenna element was 9

-10

fabricated according to the optimized dimensions shown in 8 -20

Gain (dBi)

Table II, and the prototype is shown in Fig. 7. The S parameters

S13 (dB)

7 Port 1 (sim)
were measured by using a network analyzer, and the radiation Port 1 (mea)
-30
S13 (sim)
6
patterns and gains were accomplished in a far-field Port 3 (sim)
-40
S13 (mea)

5 Port 3 (mea)
measurement system.
The simulated and measured S-parameters of UB and LB are 4
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
-50
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
shown in Fig. 8(a) and 8(b), respectively. The measured and Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
simulated results of the S-parameter are in good agreement. (a) (b)
Fig. 10. Simulated and measured (a) gains of LB(port 1) and UB(port 3) and (b)
The consistency of the simulated and measured S12 for LB is S13

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Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
4

0 0
Fig. 9 display the measured normalized radiation pattern in 0 -30 30 2.5GHz(Co.) 0 -30 30 3.3GHz(Co.)
2.6GHz(Co.) 3.45GHz(Co.)
the H-plane/V-plane at 2.5 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 2.7 GHz for LB -10
-60 60
2.7GHz(Co.) -10
-60 60
3.6GHz(Co.)
-20 -20
and 3.3 GHz, 3.45 GHz, and 3.6 GHz for UB. (H-plane
-30 -30
represents the XOZ plane, and V-plane represents the YOZ -40 -90 90 -40 -90 90

plane.) The measured HPBW is 61°± 2°over LB and 66°± 4°

over UB at both horizontal and vertical planes. The measured -120 120 -120 120
2.5GHz(Cro.) 3.3GHz(Cro.)
cross- polarizations are less than 23 dB over LB and 17 dB over -150 150
2.6GHz(Cro.)
2.7GHz(Cro.) -150 150
3.45GHz(Cro.)
3.6GHz(Cro.)
UB. The front-to-back ratio is larger than 17 dB over both 180 180

operating bands. (a)

0 0
Due to the symmetrical antenna configuration, the measured, 0 -30 30 2.5GHz(Co.) 0 -30 30 3.3GHz(Co.)
2.6GHz(Co.) 3.45GHz(Co.)
simulated gains only when port 1 or port 3 is excited are given -10
-60 60
2.7GHz(Co.)
-10
-60 60
3.6GHz(Co.)
-20 -20
here as shown in Fig. 10(a). As we can see, the measured gain -30 -30
for LB is between 8.3 dBi and 8.6 dBi, and the measured gain -40 -90 90 -40 -90 90

for UB is between 7.5 dBi and 7.8 dBi. In Fig. 10(b), we can see
that the measured S13 is lower than 25 dB over both operating -120 120 -120 120
2.5GHz(Cro.) 3.3GHz(Cro.)
bands. -150 150
2.6GHz(Cro.)
2.7GHz(Cro.) -150 150
3.45GHz(Cro.)
3.6GHz(Cro.)
180 180

III. ANTENNA ARRAY (b)

Fig. 13. Measured normalized radiation patterns of the antenna array. (a)
In Fig. 11(a), a four-element linear array is designed and H-plane. (b) V-plane.
-15
manufactured. The antenna array is composed of four hybrid 16

antenna elements. The spacing between adjacent antenna 14 -20

elements is 75 mm，which is 0.6 𝜆1 and 0.8 𝜆2 respectively for

Gain (dBi)
12 -25

S13 (dB)
LB and UB (λ2 is is the free-wavelength at 3.45GHz.). The Port1(sim)
10 Port1(mea) -30
power divider of UB is printed on an independent F4B substrate S13 sim(LB)
Port3(sim)
and fixed under the reflector in Fig. 11(b). The power divider of 8
Port3(mea)
-35 S13 sim(UB)

LB is printed on the front side of the reflector in Fig. 11(c). The 6 -40
S13 (mea)
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
overall size of the array is 330 mm × 105 mm × 31 mm. Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
(a) (b)
Fig. 14. Simulated and measured (a) gains of LB(port 1) and UB(port 3) and (b)
S13.

The measured radiation patterns of the array in

H-plane/V-plane at 2.5 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 2.7 GHz for LB and
(a) 3.3 GHz, 3.45 GHz, and 3.6 GHz for UB are shown in Fig. 13.
The measured HPBWs are 60°± 2°over LB and 67°±4°over
UB at the horizontal plane, and in the vertical plane they are 19°
± 1°over LB and 15°±1°over UB.
The measured and simulated gains when port 1 or port 3 is
(b) (c)
Fig. 11. Fabricated prototype of (a) the antenna array and the power dividers for excited and S13 are shown in Fig. 14. As we can see, the
(b) UB and (c) LB. measured gains for LB are between 12.4 dBi and 12.9 dBi,
S33 (sim) S44 (sim) S34 (sim) while for UB the gains are between 12.9 dBi and 13.3 dBi.
0 S11 (sim) S22 (sim) S12 (sim) 0
S11 (mea) S22 (mea) S12 (mea)
S33 (mea) S44 (mea) S34 (mea) Compared with the design in [17] and [18], the array not only
-10 -10
avoids the asymmetry of the pattern, but also realize a
S-parameters(dB)

S-parameters(dB)

-20 -20 particularly small array width, only 0.41 𝜆L.

-30 -30

-40 -40 IV. CONCLUSION

-50 -50 In this letter, a compact dual-band dual-polarized base
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Frequency(GHz)
2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Frequency(GHz)
3.6 3.7 3.8 station antenna with Filtering Structures has been proposed. It
works in LTE (2.5-2.69 GHz) and Sub-6GHz (3.3-3.6 GHz)
(a) (b)
Fig. 12. Simulated and measured S-parameters for LB and UB of the proposed bands of 5 G. The UB element is nested in the LB element for
antenna array. (a) LB, (b) UB. miniaturization. Greater than 25 dB isolation between the ports
of UB and LB elements has been achieved over both operating
Fig. 12 displays the simulated and measured S-parameters of bands by the introduction of the L-shaped and C-shaped
UB and LB. The measured and simulated results of filtering stubs, when LB is close to UB. A compact
S-parameters are in good agreement. We can see that LB works four-element linear array is also developed. The width of the
from 2.5-2.7 GHz, and UB operates from 3.3 GHz to 3.6 GHz. proposed antenna array is only 105 mm (0.41 𝜆L), 178% and 83%
The measured isolation is better than 28 dB in both operating smaller than the design in [17] and [18], respectively. Because
bands. of all of these merits, the proposed antenna can be widely used
in modern wireless communication system.

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2864604, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
5

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