ENGLISH 6 – 2nd Grading- November 18-29, 2024

Module 2- Say That Again!

This module will help you become familiar with phrases, sentences, and expressions that are very
useful in your everyday life because they are heard often in our daily interaction.

1. INTRODUCTION

We use language to express our thoughts, ideas, and feelings. All of us use literal language that
tells the explicit or dictionary meaning. But there are times we do not express our ideas directly. We
make use of symbols, figures, or likenesses that represent meanings. We call this a FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE.

In this Learning Guide, you will learn about phases, sentences, and expressions that are very useful
in your everyday life because they are heard often in our daily interactions.

1.1. What You will Learn About

In this learning guide, you are expected to

1. identify the different kinds of figures of speech in a sentence.

2. distinguish the kind of figurative language used in the sentence.
3. use different figurative languages in meaningful sentences.

4. apply correctly the rules in using these pronouns and determiners both in speaking and writing.

1.2. Key Questions

In this learning guide, you are expected to answer the key question:

How can using figurative languages help you in your daily communication through speaking and
writing?

2. LET'S LEARN: READING TIME

This section is divided into two parts: READING TIME and LANGUAGE TIME. Make sure to read the
story well and do the activities afterwards. Don't forget to take note of the words related to the
Reading and Language topics.

Now, let's start with READING TIME!

2.1. Reading Time!

Let’s Discuss Figurative Languages

Figurative Language uses picture words to emphasize, enhance, or strengthen an idea or emotion.
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It
can be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison.

Almost all the figures of speech that appear in everyday speech may also be found in literature as well
as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech.

Figurative Speech is a way of using words to make writing more interesting, expressive, and colorful. It
goes beyond the literal meaning of words to give readers or listeners a clearer picture or evoke
emotions. Here are some common types of figurative speech for Grade 5 students:

1. Simile: A simile compares two different things using the words like or as.

o Example: Her smile is as bright as the sun.

2. Metaphor: A metaphor directly compares two things without using like or as.
Unlike a simile, where two things are compared directly using like or as, a
metaphor's comparison is more indirect, usually made by stating
something is something else. A metaphor is very expressive; it is not meant
to be taken literally.

o Example: He has a heart of gold. (This means he is very kind.)

3. Personification: This gives human qualities to non-human things.

o Example: The wind whispered through the trees. (The wind cannot actually whisper,
but this helps imagine the sound.)

4. Hyperbole: This uses extreme exaggeration to emphasize something. It is used for emphasis or
as a way of making a description more creative and humorous.

Hyperbole is not meant to be taken literally; It is a form of exaggerating an idea.

o Example: I’ve told you a million times! (Not really a million times, but many times.)

The bag is so heavy, it weighed a ton.

I was so hungry; I could eat a horse!

A little bird told me about the surprise party.

I'm so tired, I could sleep for a year.

 5. Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the sounds they describe.

o Example:

o Buzz – The sound a bee makes.

Example: The bees buzzed around the garden.

o Splash – The sound of something hitting water.

Example: She jumped into the pool with a big splash.

o Bang – The loud sound of something exploding or a gunshot.

Example: We heard a loud bang from the kitchen.

o Crunch – The sound of something being crushed or chewed.

Example: He took a bite of the crunchy apple.

o Hiss – The sound a snake makes or the release of air.

Example: The cat hissed at the dog as it approached.

Onomatopoeia words help readers hear the sounds, making writing more vivid!

6. 👉Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is
different from the actual meaning of the words.

It may also be a situation that ends up in a different way than what is generally expected. In simple
words, it is a difference between appearance and reality.

Examples:

1. The thieves robbed the police station.

2. The Titanic was said to be unsinkable but sank on its first voyage.

3. His friend’s hand was as soft as a rock.

4. A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking tickets.

5. The roasted chicken was as tender as a leather boot.

3 TYPES OF IRONY:

1. Verbal irony involves using words to mean the opposite of their literal definitions. Or, in simpler
terms, verbal irony is saying one thing but meaning the opposite.

EXAMPLE:

a. What a great day: I crashed my car and lost my parking ticket!

2. Situational irony occurs when the outcome of a circumstance or action does not match our
expectations.

a. There are roaches infesting the office of a pest control service.

b. A plumber spends all day working on leaky faucets and comes home to find a pipe has burst in his
home.

3. Dramatic irony is a structural device that involves the audience knowing something the characters
are unaware of.
a. The audience knows that a killer is hiding in the closet, but the girl in the horror movie does not.

b. The reader knows that a storm is coming, but the children playing on the playground do not.

Teaching these figurative language types helps students become more imaginative and creative in
their writing!

👉The Function of Figures of Speech

The purpose of using figures of speech is to add richness to writing that will have an effect on the
reader. By using these comparisons, it allows the reader to have a greater understanding and ability to
imagine the situations being described in the writing. It can also help the reader to understand the
underlying symbolism of a scene or more fully recognize a literary theme.

ACTIVITY # 1 ( Copy and answer)

Identification Quiz: Figurative Speech
Instructions: Read each sentence below and identify the type of figurative speech. Choose from:
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Irony.

1. The thunder roared angrily during the storm.

Answer:

2. She is as graceful as a swan when she dances.

Answer:

3. The stars winked at us from the night sky.

Answer:

4. He runs faster than a cheetah!

Answer:

5. The bacon sizzled in the hot pan.

Answer:

6. Her voice was music to my ears.

Answer:

7. The leaves danced in the breeze.

Answer:

8. He has a mind as sharp as a knife.

Answer:

9. I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse!

Answer:

10. The thieves robbed the police station.

Answer:
2.2. Let's Read a Poem

Say That Again!

Hear this story, cause I think this may sound funny,

I have this friend you see, who talks kind of silly.

He’s fond of using picture words, instead of plain ones,

When he compares, emphasizes, or enhances an idea.

The words that he uses, when you listen to them, can confuse,

For they possess a separate meaning from their literal use.

Say that again! This is what one would usually reply,

Because they would need to listen well to be able to comply.

But the truth of the matter is that, the ability to adapt,

Understanding is being able to imagine the situations

being described in speaking and even in writing.

It’s called figurative language; my friend was explaining.

Children who learn to use and understand figurative language

will exercise their creativity and imagination,

They’ll be able to express themselves in unique and interesting ways and have the ability to paint a
compelling picture with their words.

Say that again! Yes, you heard me right,

There is a wealth of these literary tools in the English language,

and that’s a fact.

Say that again! Yes, let’s all explore the beauty,

The wonder of literature, you’ll see.

2.3. Let's Answer Questions

Here are questions about the poem, "Say That Again!" You may write your answers in your notebook
in preparation for discussion in class.

Let’s check how much you understand the story. Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.

1. What is the poem about?

2. According to the author, what kind of language is being used by this friend, and how is it different
from the plain one?

3. What are some of the figurative languages have you encountered?

2.6. Let's Wrap It Up!

Simile (pronounced sim--uh-lee) is a literary term where you use “like” or “as” to compare two
different things and show a common quality between them.
A simile is different from a simple comparison in that it usually compares two unrelated things.

For example, “She looks like you” is a comparison but not a simile. On the other hand, “She
smiles like the sun” is a simile, as it compares a woman with something of a different kind- the sun.

A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to make a comparison between two things that aren't
alike but do have something in common.

Unlike a simile, where two things are compared directly using like or as, a metaphor's comparison is
more indirect, usually made by stating something is something else. A metaphor is very expressive; it
is not meant to be taken literally.

Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.

It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression,
but is not meant to be taken literally.

Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.

Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is
different from the actual meaning of the words.

TYPES OF IRONY

1. Verbal irony involves using words to mean the opposite of their literal definitions.
Or, in simpler terms, verbal irony is saying one thing but meaning the opposite.

2. Situational irony occurs when the outcome of a circumstance or action does not match our
expectations.
3. Dramatic irony is a structural device that involves the audience knowing something the characters
are unaware of.

3. LET'S LEARN: LANGUAGE TIME

This LG will lead you through understanding pronouns and how they are used. In this manner, you will
acquire additional knowledge which is useful in speaking and writing. This focuses mainly on
interrogative pronouns and possessive determiners and pronouns.

3.1. PRONOUNS

A. Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns used to ask questions. They help us find out more information
about something or someone. The main interrogative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and
what.

Here’s a breakdown:

1. Who: Used to ask about a person (subject of the sentence).

o Example: Who is your best friend?

(We are asking about the person who is the best friend.)

2. Whom: Used to ask about a person (object of the sentence).

o Example: Whom did you call yesterday?

(We are asking about the person who received the call.)

3. Whose: Used to ask about possession or ownership.

o Example: Whose book is this?

(We want to know who owns the book.)

4. Which: Used to ask about a choice between things or people.

o Example: Which color do you like more?

(We are asking to choose between options.)

5. What: Used to ask about things, ideas, or actions.

o Example: What is your favorite game?

(We are asking about the specific game someone likes.)
RECOGNIZING AND USING INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Many times, learners are often confused with certain pronouns - who, whom, what,
which, and whose. These pronouns may be used as subject words or object
words. Subject words are who, whom, and whose.
Object words are what and which.
Examples of the use of subject words:
1. Who is coming with me?
2. Whose umbrella is this?
3. For whom is that bunch of flowers?

NOTE: Always use a preposition when using whom as a question word.

Examples of the use of object words:

1. Which is the best hotel in town?
2. What do you need most?

ACTIVITY (copy and answer )

Identification Quiz: Interrogative Pronouns
Instructions: Read each question below and identify the interrogative pronoun used. Choose from:
Who, Whom, Whose, Which, or What.

1. ______ is your favorite subject in school?

Answer:

2. ______ did you invite to your birthday party?

Answer:

3. ______ shoes are these?

Answer:

4. ______ of these books do you want to read?

Answer:

5. ______ is the tallest player on your team?

Answer:

6. ______ did she give the letter to?

Answer:

7. ______ is making all that noise?

Answer:

8. ______ of these two jackets belongs to you?

Answer:

9. ______ are you planning to do this weekend?

Answer:

10. ______ bicycle was parked outside the gate?

Answer:

3.2. Possessive Determiners

Possessive Determiners (also known as possessive adjectives) are words that show ownership or
possession. They are used to indicate that something belongs to someone or something. Possessive
determiners come before a noun to tell whose something is.

The main possessive determiners are: my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.

Examples and Uses:

1. My – shows that something belongs to the speaker.

o Example: This is my book. (The book belongs to me.)

2. Your – shows that something belongs to the person being spoken to.

o Example: Is this your pencil? (The pencil belongs to the person being spoken to.)

3. His – shows that something belongs to a male person.

o Example: That is his backpack. (The backpack belongs to a boy/man.)

4. Her – shows that something belongs to a female person.

o Example: Her dress is very pretty. (The dress belongs to a girl/woman.)

5. Its – shows possession for non-living things or animals when the gender is not specified.

o Example: The cat licked its paws. (The paws belong to the cat.)

6. Our – shows that something belongs to a group that includes the speaker.

o Example: This is our house. (The house belongs to the speaker and others.)

7. Their – shows that something belongs to a group of people or things.

o Example: Their car is parked outside. (The car belongs to them.)

Do not be confused of the possessive pronouns; though they may overlap sometimes. We need to
always remember the function of each. Possessive pronouns replace a noun or noun phrases; while
possessive determiners have to occur before the nouns.

ACTIVITY (copy and answer)

Identification Quiz: Possessive Determiners

Instructions: Read each sentence below and write the correct possessive determiner used.

1. _______ forgot to bring her umbrella.

2. Is _______ your notebook?

3. The dog wagged _______ tail happily.

4. _________ house is the biggest on the street.

5. He took _______ shoes off at the door.

6. _________ teacher gave us a fun project.

7. I love ________ new bicycle!

8. The children are playing with _______ toys.

 9. _________ dress is blue with white polka dots.

10. The tree sheds ________ leaves in autumn.

3.3. Let's Remember!

Interrogative pronouns are who, whose, whom, what, and which. These pronouns are used in
questions that require information. They can be used in place of a noun in a sentence.

1. Who is used in place of a noun subject.

2. Whose is used in place of a possessive noun or

pronoun.

3. Whom is used in place of the noun object of a

preposition.

4. What is used in place of the name of something which

is not human.

We must always remember that possessive determiners are used to modify nouns to
indicate possession of or some other relationships.

They take the place of the definite article the and the state to whom or what an item belongs to. The
possessive determiners are my, your, his, her, its, our, and their. They are also called possessive
adjectives.

Like other determiners, possessive determiners come at the beginning of a noun phrase. Possessive
determiners also have noun antecedents. They must agree with the antecedents in gender and
number. We use different determiners to correspond with each personal pronoun.

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES

A. In your own words, why do you think that it is important for students like you to learn and
understand the different kinds of figurative Languages?

👉Answer the question in 5 sentences or more.

👉Don't forget the indention, capitalization, and the use of appropriate punctuation marks.

B.