c-audio-pulse-series-amplifier-complete-service-manual-and-schematics
c-audio-pulse-series-amplifier-complete-service-manual-and-schematics
Pulse Series
Power Ratings
Cooler, Lighter, Stronger
Pulse 4x300
The Pulse Series com- Technical Specifications
Into 8 Ohms 170W
Into 4 Ohms 300W
bines state-of-the-art
Power Ratings Pulse 4x300 Pulse 2x650 Pulse 2x1100
Into 2 Ohms 330W
switched mode power Measured per channel, both channels driven at 1kHz to no more than 0.1% THD+N
Live and Neutral then pass to bridge rectifier BR2 which, for the 230V setting full-wave
rectifies mains, smoothing performed by reservoir capacitors C22,23,44,45,32,33. In the 115V
setting, this power supply is configured as a voltage doubler. Thus, the High Tension (+HT)
DC generated is approximately equal for 230V mains and 115V mains.
This will result in about 320Vdc between ‘LIVE GND’ and +HT. ‘LIVE GND’ is named as such
because it is not isolated from mains but it is the reference point for the PSU. If you need to
stick a scope probe around the primary side with the unit plugged in you must connect mains
via an Isolation Transformer. Without this, at best you will only trip your RCD breaker, at
worst you or your scope may not live to regret it. Do not forget that 320Vdc is still pretty
shocking whether it is isolated or not.
R36 and R37 ensure proper voltage sharing of the reservoir capacitors.
Power for the switching controller circuit is provided from two sources.
At start-up, the power comes from R93,113, ZD2, D22 and C75. C75 is charged up to about
47V through D22 from Zener regulator R93,113 and ZD2. The command to start the PSU
comes from the PIC (+5V for off, 0V to switch on) via R33. The LED in OPT1 is turned on
which turns the transistor on, shorting out pins 5&4. While the transformer windings are cooler
0
than 120 C the thermal cut-out (TX5-B) will be a short circuit. So R166 will be connected to
the top of C75 and will form a Zener regulator with ZD9. The output of this zener regulator is
buffered by TR49 which then powers the switching controller circuit.
C75 stores enough energy to run the controller for long enough until the second source of
power is ready.
The second source of power comes from the transformer on pins 3 and 14. This secondary is
voltage doubled by C82, D29,31 and C74 and produces about 48Vdc on VAUX. This is
connected via D32 to the top of C75 so the controller circuit can continue running.
VAUX is used to directly power RLY1 to short TH1 and R14 out while the PSU is running.
The circuit comprising R165,R172,ZD10,R178,TR47 and R180 shut down the PSU when the
voltage on C75 falls below about 32V. while the voltage on C75 is greater than 32V, TR47 is
switched on and pulls pin10 of IC6 down to 0V which ‘enables’ IC6. When the voltage on C75
falls below 32V, TR47 switches off and pin10 of IC6 is pulled up to 20V through R180,
‘disabling’ IC6.
R92,8,85,C67,ZD3 and TR23 form a time delayed drive for RYL2. At start-up, RLY2 will be
open and R127,145 will be in series with the primary of the transformer. These resistors limit
the current surge caused by charging up the secondary reservoir capacitors
C113,114,137,138. About 100ms after a successful start-up, TR23 will energise RLY2,
shorting R127,145.
The switching controller circuit is based around IC6, and SG3525 PWM controller. Switching
frequency is set by R175 and C199 to about 85kHz. R176 controls the ‘dead time’ period,
setting it to between 500ns and 1µs. Outputs appear at pins11 and 14. These two outputs are
complementary, that is when one is high (20V), the other is low (0V). Due to the dead time
control, neither outputs are high at the same time but both are low for the ‘dead time’ period.
These outputs are fed through R169,170 to high current buffers TR40,41 and TR42,43. The
buffered outputs push-pull drive the primary of Pulse transformer TX4. R160 is a damping
resistor used to minimise ringing caused by imperfections in TX4. The transformer has two
secondaries, each driving one IGBT in anti-phase. The turns ratio is 1.5:1 (pri:sec) and due to
the push-pull connection of the primary, the output of TX4 swings positive to about 15V to turn
the IGBT on, falls to 0V switching the IGBT off during dead time and falls to about -15V whilst
the other IGBT is switched on.
IGBTs TR24,29 form a half bridge driver for TX5. D14,23 provide ‘flyback’ protection for
TR24,29. These are not fitted as we are currently using IGBTs with integral ‘flyback’ diodes.
Snubbers R84,C56,R117,C68 damp any ringing which may occur.
The drive for the transformer from the IGBTs is an 85kHz square wave almost hitting ‘+HT’ at
the top of it’s travel and bottoming out slightly above ‘LIVE GND’. This drive is connected to
the primary of TX5 at pins 15&16. The other end of the primary at pins 1&2 connects to ‘LIVE
GND’ through the closed RLY2 and C63,64,65.
C63,64,65 perform two important functions.
1. they prevent DC current flowing through TX5 thus preventing early saturation of the core.
2. they form a discontinuous resonant circuit with the leakage and stray inductance of the
transformer. This means that the current will not be the same shape as the voltage. It is
arranged that, for instance, positive current flow through TR24 will start from 0A, rise and
fall in a half-sinusoidal fashion, reach 0A and stop before TR24 is switched off. This means
that switching losses in the IGBTs are virtually eliminated because switching occurs whilst
0A of current is flowing.
The amplifier consists of a ‘Class A’ driver and a ‘Class AB’ rail switched power output stage.
The driver provides voltage gain only, the output stage provides current gain only.
Audio signal enters the amplifier through DC blocking capacitor C149, then low-pass filter R88
& C51 and onto the base of TR30. R261 provides a low source impedance in case the
frontpanel board is disconnected. R89 provides a DC path to ground for the base current of
TR30.
The output of the amplifier is fed-back through potential divider R104 and R102 to the base of
TR31. C58 decouples the feedback signal at DC so that DC offsets generated by TR30,31 are
not amplified at the output. D15,19 protect C58 in the event of a DC fault.
TR30 and TR31 form a Long Tailed Pair to amplify the difference between the input signal and
the feedback signal. The gain of the LTP is reduced by R99 and R100 to help prevent
oscillations and de-sensitise the performance of the input stage to parametric variations of the
two transistors. A bias current of about 2.8mA for this LTP is provided through R98 from
current source TR19, R57, D6,7 & R75. In the quiescent state half of this current is driven
through each of TR30 and TR31. The collector current of TR30 and TR31 pass through ZD7
and ZD5 and are loaded through D27 and D26 by R137 and R146.
The outputs of TR30 and TR31 are taken from the anodes of D27 and D26 to the bases of
another LTP - TR38 and TR37. C70 determines the frequency response to ensure stability. As
before, R139 and R140 reduce the gain of this LTP and the bias current is set to about 8mA
by R138. The collectors of TR37 and TR38 are loaded with a current mirror - TR20 & TR21 to
maximise gain and provide a push-pull output.
Some of this output is fed-back to the base of TR31 through C63 and R103. This defines the
open-loop frequency response independently of the output stage characteristics to ensure
stability.
Finally, the Vbe multiplier - TR25, R82&83 - provides the output stage with two voltage signals
which are identical except they are offset by a voltage varying between about 2.1V (heatsink
hot) and 2.4V (heatsink cold). C53 ensures that the two offset signals are identical at AC.
The Current source consisting of TR19, R57, D6,7 and R75 determines the operating point of
the whole class A driver. Therefore, one can mute the amplifier by switching this currrent
source off.
The current source is switched off by TR18, R68 and C37. When TR18 is switched on, D6,7
are shorted out through R68 which mutes the current source. C37 is discharged in the
process. When TR18 is switched off, C37 charges up through R75 until D6,7 are fully
conducting which activates the current source.
TR18 is controlled by TR11, R56, R46, ZD1, R47 and R48.
If the PIC is absent or its +5V supply has failed the ‘MUTE1’ line will be in a high impedance
state, i.e. nothing doing. The 4.7V reference supplied by R46 & ZD1 and emitter resistor R47
set the current through TR11 to about 200µA. This is enough to switch TR18 on and mute the
amplifier. This is the default state.
When working, the PIC controls the state of the ‘MUTE1’ line. To mute the amplifier, the
‘MUTE1’ line is set to 0V. The current through TR11 is then set to about 4.2mA because R48
is now essentially in parallel with R47. This mutes the amplifier as before.
To activate the amplifier, the ‘MUTE1’ line is set to +5V. This, through R48, reverse biases the
base-emitter junction of TR11. Thus TR11 is switched off as is TR18 so the amplifier
becomes active.
Under normal conditions the signals at the bases of TR30 and TR31 will be the same.
However, under fault conditions, such as a DC offset at the output, the base voltages will
become offset also. For example, in the event of a large DC offset of +50V at the output, a
positive DC voltage will appear at the feedback point and hence at the base of TR31. This DC
voltage will make D65 conduct protecting C126, so the voltage at TR31 base should be 0.6 +
50V x R102/(R102+R104), about 4V. However, the important issue is that the voltage is
positive. In the event the voltage is negative this indicates that the feedback divider is faulty.
The voltage at TR31 base being positive whilst the base of TR30 is close to 0V will then
reverse bias TR31 base-emitter, turning off the transistor. Therefore, no voltage should
appear across R100 and R146 whilst double the normal voltage will appear across R99 and
R137. Should this not be the case, it indicates a fault in the input stage itself.
The same process should now cause TR37 and TR20 &21 to be off and TR81 to be full on…
Class AB output stage
The input of the Output stage is loaded by C46. This defines the HF input impedance and thus
averts very nasty oscillations that are caused by the variable, non-linear and sometimes
negative raw input impedance. Resistors R60 and R182 ensure that output offsets are
minimised when the amplifier is muted. D5 and D39 stop the Class A driver over-saturating
TR12 and TR55. D11 and D40 prevent the output exceeding the power supply rails in the face
of ‘flyback’ pulses from reactive loads.
The output stage consists of a symmetrical Siklai follower - TR12, TR13, R61, TR55, TR56,
R181, R81, R80, C52, D13, D17 - generating the high current drive required for the parallel
connected symmetrical follower output stage - TR26, TR14, TR34, TR46, R115, R94, R121,
R124, TR72, TR59, TR88, TR79, R147, R141, R168, R159. V-I limiting is controlled by D8,
D33, TR22, TR44, R96, R95, R116, R119, C60,R129, R149, R164, R163, C81, R64, C48,
R128, C77, D10, D25, R212, R214, TR71, R217, R228, TR75.
The Pulse 2x1100 amplifier uses a rail switched (class G or commutated) output stage to
increase efficiency. This works by effectively rolling two amplifiers into one, switching between
them as required.
While Vo is between +MT and -MT, SW1 and SW2 are open and power is drawn from +MT
and -MT through D1 and D2.
If Vo gets too close to +MT then comparator1 closes SW1. Power is now drawn directly from
+HT and D1 is reverse-biased.
Similarly, if Vo gets too close to -MT then comparator2 closes SW2. Power is now drawn
directly from -HT and D2 is reverse-biased.
1. Positive half-cycle
The output voltage is sensed at the top of current sharing resistor R124 to correct for errors
caused by the varying voltage drop across current sharing resistors. This is divided down by
R221 and R234 and enters pin6 of IC10-B which is used as a comparator. C123 compensates
for time delay through the circuit. +MT is divided down by R229 and R230 and enters pin5 of
IC10-B. R237 provides hysteresis around the comparator.
Whilst pin6 is lower than pin5, the output of the comparator is at +13.5V on pin7. This
switches TR67 on with its collector current set by R216 to about 2.5mA.
When pin6 exceeds pin5, the output of the comparator goes to -13.5 on pin7. This switches
TR67 off.
Rail switching is performed by FET1 and FET3 with commutation diode D52. FET1 and FET3
are connected in parallel except for the gates which have separate ‘gate stopper’ resistors
R192, R195. A floating 10V supply for the drive circuit is provided by R199, ZD13 and C112.
The drive circuit consists of push-pull buffer TR68,69, pull-up resistor R201 and C110.
When TR67 is on, 2.5mA flows through R201, dropping 12.75V. therefore, TR69 will be off
and TR68 will be on, pulling FET1 and FET3 gates low which switches them off. Power for the
amplifier thus flows from +MT through D52.
When TR67 is off, R201 pulls the bases of TR68,69 up, which pulls the gates of FET1 and
FET3 up and switches them on. Power for the amplifier now flows from +HT through FET1
and FET3. C110 slows the rise and fall times of the +overdrive rail to about 1µs.
2. Negative half-cycle
The output voltage is sensed at the bottom of current sharing resistor R159 to correct for
errors caused by the varying voltage drop across current sharing resistors. This is divided
down by R207 and R248 and enters pin2 of IC10-A. C111 compensates for time delay
through the circuit. -MT is divided down by R259 and R256 and enters pin3 of IC10-A. R246
provides hysteresis around the comparator.
Whilst pin2 is higher than pin3, the output of the comparator is at -13.5V on pin1. This
switches TR74 on with its collector current set by R225 to about 2.5mA.
When pin2 exceeds pin3, the output of the comparator goes to +13.5 on pin1. This switches
TR74 off.
Rail switching is performed by FET5 and FET6 with commutation diode D62. A 10V supply
referenced to -HT for the drive circuit is provided by R239, ZD20 and C139.
The drive circuit consists of push-pull buffer TR81,82 pull-up resistor R251, C145 and current
mirror TR80,D63,R258,R250.
When TR74 is on, the current mirror reflects 2.5mA through TR80 which pulls down on R251.
Therefore, TR82 will be off and TR81 will be on, pulling FET5 and FET6 gates low which
switches them off. Power for the amplifier thus flows from -MT through D62.
When TR74 is off, the current mirror reflects this by turning TR80 of. R201 pulls the bases of
TR81,82 up, which pulls the gates of FET1 and FET3 up and switches them on. Power for the
amplifier now flows from -HT through FET5 and FET6. C145 slows the rise and fall times of
the -overdrive rail to about 1µs.
3. Protection
Output stage
Output stage protection is accomplished by a three-slope V-I limiting circuit which has limiting
characteristics chosen to emulate the Safe operating area of the output stage transistors at
their maximum operating temperature.
As the output stage is symmetrical, the positive half only will be described.
The V-I limiting works by controlling TR22: when the base-emitter voltage of TR22 exceeds
about 0.65V then TR2 turns on and steals current, via D8, from the input of the output stage
and thereby limiting the output. So, V-I limiting is controlled by controlling the base-emitter
voltage of TR22.
Each output device has its own current sharing resistor - R115 R94, R121, R124 - the voltage
across which is proportional to the current flowing in the output device. These voltages are
sampled and summed by R96, R95, R116 and R119. C60 improves stability when V-I limiting
is activated.
Thus the amplifier is protected for short circuits because the base-emitter voltage of TR22
reaches 0.65 if the output current is large and the output voltage is less than about 1Vpk
For output voltages exceeding about 1Vpk, D10 conducts connecting R212, R214 & TR71 to
sense the output voltage. In this case, as output voltage increases, the base-emitter voltage of
TR22 reduces, thus the current limit is increased as the output voltage increases, defining the
nd
2 slope of the limiting characteristic.
The third slope is controlled by TR71, R214 and the rail switching comparator. If the
+overdrive rail is low, then TR71 is switched on and shorts R214, leaving R212 to define the
nd rd
2 slope. When the +overdrive is high, TR71 is switched off and the 3 slope is defined by
R214 in series with R212.
C48 and R64 desensitise the current allowing brief peaks of output current which exceed the
normal current limited amount to allow proper operation into reactive loads (ie loudspeakers).
Continuous maximum sine-wave operation of both channels into the minimum rated load
resistor is beyond the capabilities of this product and is treated as a fault condition.
Refer to channel1
Amplifier output current is measured by R159, 124, 183, 191, 177, 179 and IC5-A.
Output current causes a voltage drop across current sharing resistors R124 and R159. If the
voltage across both resistors is measured, positive output current will cause the voltage to
increase and negative output current will also cause the voltage to increase. This is sensed
and attenuated by differential amplifier R183, 191, 177, 179 and IC5-A.
The output at pin1 of IC5-A is the sum of: 1. full-wave rectified replica of the output current; 2.
An error signal caused by incomplete common-mode rejection. The error signal is merely
attenuated output voltage.
As the desired signal, output current, has been full wave rectified and the undesired signal,
output voltage, has not, the undesired signal can be removed without corrupting the desired
signal by passing it through an integrator. The raw output current signals from each channel
are summed, averaged and inverted by R174, 52, 53, C43 and IC4-A (sheet 4) so that the
output at pin1 of IC4-A is a negative DC voltage proportional to the total average output
current.
This voltage is compared with a threshold, set by R50 and R51 to about
-2.7V, at IC4-B. R55 provides hysyteresis. If it is higher than the threshold, pin7 will swing to -
13.5V. If it is lower than the threshold then pin7 will swing to +13.5V.
IC4-B pin7 drives transistors TR66, 64, 65 and 63. The collectors of these transistors connect
to the collectors of TR67, 86, 74& 62. When pin7 swings to +13.5V, TR66, 64, 65& 63 are
switched on, the current flow set to 2.5mA by R198 and R197. This forces rail switching off.
IC4-B pin7 is connected to the PIC pin22 through R49.
Bridge imbalance protection.
During normal operation, the bridged output is fully differential mode with little or no common-
mode signal component. Activation of the output stage current limiters erratically upsets this
state, producing a large common-mode error - imbalance - which can destroy the output
stages.
The bridge imbalance detection is performed by R10,12,13, TR3 and R11.
In two channel mode, the ‘BRIDGE 1+2’ line is pulled up to about +13V. this switches TR3 on
through R11. The collector of TR3 is connected to pin 23 of IC1 (PIC). The input of the PIC is
internally protected by diodes against inputs above +5V and below 0V. so, in two channel
mode, pin23 of IC1 receives no signal.
In bridge mode, the ‘BRIDGE 1+2’ line is held at 0V which switches TR3 off. Now pin 23 of IC1
can receive a signal. R10, 12 sum the output of each channel, the result appearing across
R13 which sets the sensitivity. If the bridge is balanced, the voltage across R13 will be zero. If
the bridge is unbalanced then there will be voltage across R13 which is also connected to
pin23 of IC1.
When an imbalance is detected the PIC immediately mutes both channels for 4 seconds.
Then the channels are re-activated.
DC Protection
Each channels output is connected through R16,R15 to R21 and C16. C16 ensures that only
DC is detected.
For no DC fault, R32 pulls pin9 of IC1 towards +5V.
For a positive DC faults, D4 becomes forward biased and turns TR8 on, pulling pin9 of IC1
(PIC) towards 0V.
For a negative DC fault, D3 becomes forward biased which switches TR10 and TR9 on,
pulling pin9 of IC1 (PIC) towards 0V.
In the event of a DC fault, the PIC switches the PSU off, waits and then tries again.
C30,31,35,36 prevent the full-wave recification of PSU noise causing false alarms.
4. Frontpanel and small signal circuits
Refer to channel 1
Audio signal enters the amplifier on CN1, CN5, CN8 or CN10 in balanced form, positive phase
- ‘hot’ - on pin 2 of CN8 and negative phase - ‘cold’ - on pin 3. The signals on each leg will
always be out of phase but will not necessarily equal in amplitude. This signal passes through
RF1 and RF2 which shunt RF rubbish to chassis. R1 and R4 prevent thumps due to
connection / re-connection. TX1 is an optional audio coupling transformer which is normally
not fitted and bypassed by LK2 and LK3. The signal then passes through dc blocking
capacitors C3 and C9, through links fitted in the option connectors CN11 and CN12 and on to
the frontpanel board via pins 1&2 of CN17.
Up to this point channel1 and channel2 have identical function. What happens next is
determined by the bridge switch (rear panel).
1. bridge mode off
the ‘bridge1+2’ signal line will be held high by R49 and LD9. Although LD9 will not be
illuminated, enough current flows to pull pins 8 & 9 of IC2 high. This opens the switches IC2-C
(pins 10 &11) and IC2-D (pins 6 & 7).
Channel 1 signal enters pin 5 of IC1 which is configured to have a gain of +14.5dB by R17,
R15 and continues through R7 to pin13 of CN1.
Channel 2 signal enters pin 5 of IC3 which is configured to have a gain of +14.5dB by R30,
R16 and continues through R14 to pin15 of CN1.
2. bridge mode on
the ‘bridge1+2’ signal line will be held low by the rear panel bridge switch. LD9 will be
illuminated and pins 8 & 9 of IC2 will be pulled low (0V). This closes the switches IC2-C (pins
10 &11) and IC2-D (pins 6 & 7).
Channel 1 signal enters pin 5 of IC1 which is configured as a to have a gain of +14.5dB by
R17, R15 and continues through R7 to pin13 of CN1.
Closure of switch IC2-C connects this signal to pin6 of IC3 through R29 which, in conjunction
with R30, configures IC3-B to be a unity gain inverter (R16 does not affect the signal gain).
Thus, the channel1 signal is inverted and passed to channel 2 through R14 to pin15 of CN1.
Channel 2 signal is shorted to ground through switch IC2-D.
Signal LED
The signal is coupled from pin1 if IC1 through C10 and across R35 to IC8 pin3.
Initial conditions: C15 has 0V across it and LD1 is off. Pins 1,2 and 3 of IC8 are at 0V.
A signal appears at pin3 of IC8. It is moving from 0V in a positive direction. Due to the large
open-loop gain of IC8, pin1 will move in a positive direction at a much greater rate. This will
forward bias the diode in D1 (which connects pin1 to the top of C15) and charge up C15.
When enough volts have accumulated on C15, LD1 will conduct, its current limited by R34
and R33. R34 and R33 also form a potential divider applying negative feedback to pin2 thus
setting the sensitivity of the circuit.
The signal at pin3 of IC7 now moves in a negative direction. Therefore pin1 will move negative
at a much greater rate and the diode in D1 (which connects pin1 to the top of C15) becomes
reverse biased. The other diode in D1 ( connecting pin1 to pin2) now conducts preventing
saturation of the op-amp. LD1 will continue to glow by discharging C15 until the voltage on
C15 falls below that required to turn LD1 on.
Clip LED
The clip detector circuit is on the main board consisting of IC5-B, R87,148,101,153,158 &
R173 and C89&93. These are connected to form a differential amplifier which samples the
voltage between the base of TR30 and the base of TR31. This voltage is the difference
between the input and the divided down output of the amplifier. When the amplifier clips, there
is a large difference between the input and the divided down output which is amplified by the
differential amplifier. This passes from pin1, through R173 to pin 23 of CN17 and onto the
frontpanel board. Here it is full-wave rectified by D5 and D6, smoothed by C17 and the
resultant voltage illuminates LD5 through R45.
5. System management
The brain behind the operations is IC1, a MICROCHIP PIC16C57 microprocessor. This is not
a re-programmable part. The clock is set to 3.58MHz by XT1, C19, C17 and pins27, 28 of IC1.
Each of the heatsinks has an LM35DZ, IC11 and IC12, attached close to the front of the unit.
0
The voltage at pin2 of each of these gives a measurement of the temperature - 10mV per C
0
starting at 0V for 0 C. Continuing with channel1, the temperature signal is filtered by R263 and
0
C26 and enters pin3 of IC2-A. this is configured to give a gain of x10.2 giving 102mV per C.
The output at pin1 of IC2-A is coupled through R42 to pin24 of CN11. It is also coupled
0
through potential divider R38, R39 to pin 6 of IC2-B at which point the signal is 34mV per C.
IC2-B (pins 5, 6, 7), R45, C34, R27 and IC1 pins 6, 7 comprise an analogue to digital
converter. At the start of conversion, pin6 of IC1 is set to 0V for 1ms and discharges C34
through R27. Pin 6 of IC1 is then set to high impedance mode. At this point, pin7 of IC2-B is at
-13.5V because pin5 is at a lower voltage than pin6. Now, the voltage on C34 ramps at about
600mV/ms because it is being charged by R45. The ramp stops at about 5.5V, limited by the
protection diode on pin6 of IC1. The voltage on C34 is connected to pin5 of IC2-B so that
when the ramp voltage exceeds the temperature voltage on pin6, pin7 changes to +13.5V.
pin7 is connected to pin7 of IC1 through R31. In this way, the IC1 has a measure of time
between the start of conversion and when pin7 (IC1) receives a logic ‘high’ which is
proportional to the voltage at pin6 of IC2-B. After 18.32ms the conversion cycle starts again.
The heatsink temperature measurements are used to control the fan speed and to mute
overheating channels.
0
Take, for instance, channel 1. If the heatsink temperature exceeds 90 C then channel 1 is
0
muted. Channel 1 will be re-activated when the heatsink temperature falls below 75 C.
The two fans are connected in parallel, the negative wires connected to -15V, the positive
wires connected through R17 to R18 and the collector of TR6. If the heatsink temperature is
0
less than 55 C then pin17 of IC1 (PIC) is set to +5V. This turns TR5 on which in turn switches
0
TR6 off leaving the fans powered through R18. If the heatsink exceeds 55 C then pin17 of IC1
is set to 0V, switching TR5 off and therefore TR6 on so that TR6 shorts R18 out. The fans are
0
returned to slow speed when the heatsink temperature falls below 50 C. TR4 and TR7 are
used to completely switch the fans off when a brown-out condition is detected.
Crown Pulse Series Service Documenation
The information furnished in this manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations
of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible situation which may arise during installation, operation or
maintenance. If you need special assistance beyond the scope of this manual, please contact the Crown
Technical Support Group.
CAUTION AVIS
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK DO
NOT REMOVE TOP OR BOTTOM À PRÉVENIR LE CHOC
COVERS. NO USER SERVICEABLE ÉLECTRIQUE N’ENLEVEZ
PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING PAS LES COUVERTURES.
TO QUALIFIED SERVICE RIEN DES PARTIES
PERSONNEL. DISCONNECT UTILES À L’INTÉRIEUR.
POWER CORD BEFORE REMOVING DÉBRANCHER LA BORNE
REAR INPUT MODULE TO ACCESS AVANT D’OUVRIR LA
GAIN SWITCH. MODULE EN ARRIÈRE.
WARNING
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC
SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS
EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE!
DANGER: The outputs of the amplifier can produce LETHAL energy levels! Be
very careful when making connections. Do not attempt to change output wiring
until the amplifier has been off at least 10 seconds.
WARNING: This unit is capable of producing high sound pressure levels.
Continued exposure to high sound pressure levels can cause permanent hearing
impairment or loss. User caution is advised and ear protection is recommended
when using at high levels.
WARNING: Do not expose this unit to rain or moisture.
WARNING: When performing service checks with the power off, discharge the
main power supplies fully before taking any measurements or touching any
electrical components. A 300-ohm 10-W resistor is recommended for this. Hold the
resistor with pliers, as the resistor may become extremely hot.
CAUTION: Under load, with a sine wave signal at full power into both channels,
the amplifier may draw in excess of 30 amperes from the AC service mains.
CAUTION: When performing tests, do not connect any load to the amplifier until
instructed to do so. There is no danger to the amplifier in operating without any
load (open outputs).
WARNING: Do not change the position of the mode switches when the amplifier is
turned on. If the position of these switches is changed while the amplifier is
powered, transients may damage your speakers.
WARNING: Heatsinks are not at ground potential. Simultaneously touching either
heatsink and ground, or both heatsinks will cause electrical shock.
CAUTION: Eye protection should be worn at all times when protective covers are
removed and the amplifier is plugged in.
CAUTION: When performing tests that require a load, the load must be resistive
and must be capable of handling 1000 W (per channel).
CAUTION: Disconnect the power cord before installing or removing any cover or
panel.
Introduction
This section is intended to assist maintenance and service of the Pulse family of amplifiers. Component references detailed are
for channel 1. Operation of channel 2, 3, and 4 is identical except where explicitly noted.
The chassis fuse protects the system in the event of failure or severe abuse by the user.
A second, large, common mode inductor and two small Y capacitors, provide attenuation of relatively low frequency (100kHz –
1MHz) noise, conducting back down the mains.
An inrush limiting power resistor (R16), is used to prevent mains current inrush. The resistor is protected by a PTC thermistor
(TH1) and once the SMPS is running, a relay (RLY1) closes over, shorting out the resistor and PTC and allowing normal
operation. The bridge rectifier (BR2) is used with a bank of 6 1800uF/200V capacitors (C28, C29, C33, C34, C42 & C43), to
produce 320V DC.
The SMPS control electronics is powered by the output of the SMPS; therefore in order to start the SMPS, a boot supply is
used. The boot supply comprises of R30 and R102 (10K/2W), C76 (1000uF/63) and ZD5 (47V). C76 is charged up to 47V via
R102 and R30 from the 320V rail, this then powers the control electronics until SMPS operation has started and can keep itself
running. It takes approximately 4 seconds to charge C67 and the SMPS cannot be switched on until this capacitor has been
fully charged. The purpose of the SMPS control electronics is to provide 85kHz switching waveforms to a pair of power IGBTS
(TR24 and TR32) the micro-controller turns on the control electronics through an opto-coupler (OPT1).
When told to start by the microprocessor, all secondary supplies of the SMPS are off, and both soft start relays are open.
Immediately after being told to start, the IGBT’s are producing a power square wave, which is applied to the power transformer,
initially through two 50R/5W resistors (R28, R142). The function of these resistors is to limit the start up current through the
IGBT’s. Approximately 50mS after start up, the secondary rails are present and the SMPS is powering its own control
electronics, at this point the input soft start relay RLY1 will close. Approximately 100mS after RLY1 closes the relay (RLY2),
across R28, and R142 will close and at this point the SMPS is fully up and running.
All secondary voltages are produced by rectification of the square wave from the IGBT’s.
The power amplifier consists of a fairly conventional Class A driver stage driving a Class AB bipolar output stage. Each stage
will be dealt with individually.
Input Stage
Class A Driver
The input signal returned from the level control is fed via DC blocking capacitor C143 and R221. DC bias current for the Class
A input stage is supplied via R222, while 4n7 capacitor C116 prevents any extreme high frequency input signals from reaching
the power amplifier and also provides a low source impedance at high frequencies to ensure frequency stability.
The first stage of the class A driver consists of TR76 and TR77 configured as a long tailed pair differential amplifier. Emitter
resistors R238 and R239 de-sensitize the performance of the input stage to parametric variations of the two input transistors.
The quiescent current for the input stage is delivered by current source TR65. Diodes D51 and D52 provide a reference
voltage of approximately 1.2V, which is applied to the base of TR65. Approximately half of this (0.6V) will then appear across
R187 (220R), which then sets the current, sourced from TR65 collector at approximately 2.7mA. In the quiescent state half of
this current is driven through TR76 and TR77. Hence the voltage dropped across emitter resistors R238 and R239 will be
approximately equal at 75mV.
Overall voltage feedback of the amplifier is derived through R243 and R241. R242 and C20 provide local feedback around the
Class A section only to define the dominant pole of the amplifier. C126 connected in series with R241 gives 100% DC
feedback to minimize any DC offset at the output. The resultant feedback signal is applied to the base of TR77.
The collector currents of TR76 and TR77 are fed via D76 and D75 to R260 and R272 respectively. Hence, in the quiescent
state, R260 and R272 should each exhibit a voltage drop of 1.35V or so.
Under normal conditions the signals at the bases of TR76 and TR77 will be identical. However, under fault conditions, such as
a DC offset at the output, the base voltages will become offset also. For example, in the event of a large DC offset of +50V at
the output, a positive DC voltage will appear at the feedback point and hence at the base of TR77. Although this would, in
theory, be the full +50V, owing to C126 being rated
at only 16V, the voltage will, in practice, be somewhat lower. However, the important issue is that the voltage is positive. In the
event the voltage is negative this indicates that the feedback network is faulty (most likely R243 itself). The voltage at TR77
base being positive whilst the base of TR76 is close to 0V will then reverse bias TR77 base-emitter hence turning off the
transistor. Hence, no voltage should appear across R239 and R272 while double the normal voltage will appear across R238
and R260 (150mV and 1.3V respectively). Should this not be the case, it indicates a fault in the input stage itself.
The output of the input long-tailed-pair (i.e. the voltages at the anodes of D76 and D75) are fed to a second long-tailed-pair
TR80 and TR81. The bias current for this stage, is set by resistor R261 thus; D76 drops approximately the same voltage as the
base-emitter junction of TR80. The same can be said of D75, and the base-emitter junction of TR80. This sets a current of
about 5.75mA, split between TR80 and TR81. C137 and C138 provide a little Miller Feedback around TR80 and TR81
respectively. These capacitors can be important to the stability of the amplifier but do not define the dominant pole. It should
also be noted that either of these capacitors becoming "leaky" (difficult to measure in circuit) will result in a DC offset at the
output. The collector of TR81 drives the output stage in conjunction with the collector of TR67 while the collector of TR80
drives current mirror TR66/TR67 via R212. In the quiescent state R212 will show a voltage drop of around 52V, and the current
mirror emitter resistors R188 R189 and will show equal voltage drops of 145mV. Hence, for the same +50V DC offset,
described earlier, one would expect no voltage drop across any of R212, R188 or R189, indicating that the feedback is
attempting to correct the fault. Likewise, for a negative DC offset one would expect these voltages to be twice their usual value.
If this is not the case then the second stage (TR80-TR67) is at fault. The collectors of TR81 and TR67 are joined to form the
output of the class A driver by the Vbe multiplier - R128, R127 and TR71 (mounted on the heatsink) bypassed at AC by C124 -
which sets the output stage bias. The bias voltage across the Vbe multiplier should range between 2.4V (heatsink warm) and
2.5V (heatsink cold). Bias voltages outside this range indicate a fault with the Vbe multiplier and/or a fault in the second long-
tailed pair (TR80 - TR81, R261, R212, R188, R189). For example, too small a bias voltage could be caused by: R261 being
high, R189 being high, R127 being low, TR71 being faulty etc. Too high a bias voltage is rare, and would, most likely, be
caused by a faulty transistor or resistor in the Vbe multiplier circuit.
C132 is very important for ensuring HF Stability. A faulty capacitor in this position will usually cause excess distortion and in the
case of anything less than 100pF can reveal a very spiky instability.
Output Stage
The output stage consists of a symmetrical Siklai follower - TR89-TR59, R189, R29A, R35A, R56A and C21A - generating the
high current drive required for the parallel connected symmetrical follower output stage TR57, TR73, TR79, and TR93, R231,
R244, R248, R257. V-I limiting is controlled by TR90, TR68B, R36A-R43A, C1A, C2A, R212, R25A-R27A, R30A, R33A, R55A,
D7A-D9A, D11A, ZD76-ZD6A. As the output stage is symmetrical, the positive half only will be described (Q13A-Q16A, R44A-
R47A, C2A, TR68A, R36A-R39A, R25A, R26A, R30A, R55A, D8A, D11A, ZD76, ZD5A).
Output stage protection is accomplished by a three-slope V-I limiting circuit which has limiting characteristics chosen to
emulate the Safe operating area of the output stage transistors at their maximum operating temperature.
The V-I limiting works by controlling TR68A: when the base-emitter voltage of TR68A exceeds about 0.65V then TR68A turns
on and steals current, via D8A, from the input of the output stage and thereby limiting the output. So, V-I limiting is controlled
by controlling the base-emitter voltage of TR68A.
Each output device has its own current sharing resistor - R44A-R47A - the voltage across which is proportional to the current
flowing in the output device. These voltages are sampled and summed by R36A-R39A. C2A ensures stability when V-I limiting
is activated.
The voltage across the output devices is sampled by R25A and R26A (R30A and ZD5A limit the voltage range to reduce off-
load distortion) and this, summed with the output current derived signals from R36A-R39A, controls TR68A for output voltages
less than about 3Vpk. Thus the amplifier is protected for short circuits because the base-emitter voltage of TR68A increases
when output current increases and when voltage across the output devices increases.
For output voltages exceeding about 3Vpk, ZD76 conducts connecting R55A to sense the output voltage. In this case, as
output voltage increases, the base-emitter voltage of TR68A reduces, thus the current limit is increased as the output voltage
increases, defining the third slope of the limiting characteristic.
Protection System
The protection system is based around IC1, a TL074 quad op-amp. The temperature of the heatsink is monitored by TH1, an
LM35DZ temperature sensor integrated circuit producing 10mV / o C. The temperature signal is then multiplied by 10 by one
op-amp (pins 8,9,10) & R16,R17. The output (pin 8) is fed directly to pins 6 & 13 serving as a temperature dependent (0.1V /
ºC) reference for two comparator circuits - one (pins 5, 6, 7) controls the relays and the other (pins 12, 13, 14) controls the fan
speed.
The Fan can run at two speeds, the changeover happening at about 55 ºC. R9 and ZD2 produce a reference voltage of 9.1V at
the cathode of ZD2. This is divided by R18 & R19 to give about 5.5V at pin 12, the non-inverting input, which is compared with
the temperature signal at pin13, the inverting input.
1. Temperature signal is less than 5.5V: the output of the op-amp will be high (+24V), turning Q1 off and therefore Q2 off.
The fan speed is controlled by R21 which forces approximately half speed.
2. Temperature signal is more than 5.5V: the output of the op-amp will be low (-5.6V), turning Q1 on and therefore Q2 on.
R21 is now effectively shorted out by Q2 and the fan runs at full speed.
At turn-on C16 will charge through R9 and R10 towards the 9.1V reference (ZD2). The voltage is fed to the non-inverting input
(pin 5) of op-amp at pins 5, 6, 7 configured as a comparator with hysterisis (D9 and R11). The reference for the comparator is
set by the temperature reference which is about 2.5V at room temperature (25 ºC), When the voltage across C16 exceeds the
temperature reference, the op-amp output will swing high (+24V) and turn Q3 on via current limiting resistor R13. When Q3 is
on, it pulls current through the coils of RLY1 (soft-start) and RLY1A, RLY1B on the output board. This also means that the
collector of Q3 will swing low (close to 0V) effectively shorting out R15 and LED2 to turn LED2 (Protect, Yellow) off.
Output Connections
The output of the amplifier is connected to Zobel Network R12A/C8A. This network presents a defined load impedance to the
output stage at high frequencies to ensure stability. Either of R12A or C8A being faulty will result in the amplifier oscillating at
high frequency, which may also be evidenced by mains "hum" and/or distortion at the output. This signal is fed via output
choke L1A which isolates any load capacitance from the amplifier feedback to ensure stability. The output is then fed through
output relay RLY1A and on to the rear panel output connectors.
1. Remove the top cover by removing the two side, two back, and four top screws. Lift up slightly on the rear of the cover,
and then pull it toward the back of the amplifier.
2. Remove the eight screws that hold the input connectors to the chassis.
3. Remove the four screws that hold the output jacks to the back panel.
4. Remove the four screws that hold the circuit board down to the chassis.
5. Remove nut from green and yellow striped ground wire connected to back panel.
6. Remove the two screws that hold the IEC filter to the back panel.
Remove all eight screws from underneath the chassis. Grip the front silver handle and gently pull forwards about ½ inch (be
careful; it is a tight fit), and then lift up and away from the chassis.
After removing the PCB from the chassis, discharge the power supply capacitors. For C75 use a 1k/5W resistor. For the bulk
reservoir capacitors, use a 10k/5W resistor.
2 Troubleshooting
1. Perform a cursory check of all major items in the power supply i.e. IGBT’s.
2. Locate the flyback diodes D114, D115, D214, and D215 on the main modules and check for indications of a short. If a
short is indicated, this means that an output device or driver transistor in parallel with that diode is shorted, usually not the
diode itself. If an output device is found to be defective, emitter resistors should also be checked. If no output device is found
defective, perform a quick check of driver, pre-driver, and bias transistors.
3. Check driver and pre-driver transistors for shorts or opens. If a fault is found, do an in-circuit static check of all
semiconductors on the main board. If no output device and nothing upstream is found defective, move to power-on checks.
Otherwise continue.
4. If a failure has occurred anywhere in the output stages, check the bias servo transistor. Any failure associated with bias
transistors may result in repeat failure of the affected channel even if all other defective components have been found and
replaced.
5. If a failure is found in any LVAs, checks should continue up to the voltage translator stage.
WARNING: Use extreme caution when making internal adjustments when the unit is powered.
1. Apply AC mains. The PIC microprocessor will perfom a self-test, during which time the Fault LED and both Temp LEDs will
flash. After the self-test, the AC-present LED will remain on.
2. Switch on the amplifier using the front panel switch. If the protect light is on and not flashing, this indicates a DC offset fault
on one of the channels. Remove AC mains. Disconnect the output board from the main board at the header strip on the rear.
Apply AC mains, switch the unit on, and measure for a DC offset at the output connector for each channel (WRT amplifier
ground).
3. If the protect light is flashing, check the chassis fuse on the rear of the unit. If this is OK, you will make a few simple
measurements with a DVM set to Ohms range:
4. Remove AC mains.
5. Discharge the power supply capacitors. For C75 use a 1k/5W resistor. For the bulk reservoir capacitors, use a 10k/5W
resistor.
6. Check the soft-start resistors, located between the transformer and the left heat sink. These two ceramic resistors will be
broken if the power supply is OK and there is a fault in one of the channels.
7. Measure the resistance between the following points. There should not be any short circuits or low-resistance readings.
If you have a short or low resistance at any of these points, you have located the faulty channel. If these tests do not reveal
the fault, then the fault is most likely in the power supply. The following procedure should help to locate it.
2 . Separate the power supply unit and amplifier stages by breaking the links (shown in green on Diagram 1). These are
down the front part of the PCB (underside) by the capacitors nearest the connections for the four black wires, shown in blue
in Diagram 1.
Diagram 1. View from solder side of PCB.
3. Use a 60V DC bench supply (current limited). Connect it across C75 with +60V to point B and Gnd to point A (see Diagram
2). Fit a switch (switched off) across pins 4 and 5 of OPTO1 (be very careful, as a spark here will kill it).
Diagram
4. With your scope Gnd referenced to point D or A, switch on the DC supply. Wait a second and then switch the opto. The
current should go up to about 110 mA. If it goes rather high you have a fault.
5. Using the oscilloscope, check pins 11 and 14 of the SG3525. This should give a square wave output similar to that shown
below:
6. Move the probe to monitor the waveform at the IGBT's marked E on Diagram 2. You should see a switching waveform
similar to that shown below.
7. Some examples of incorrect waveforms are shown below, along with the likely area of failure.
The waveform below is commonly caused by faulty ZTX650-ZTX750 transistors in the power supply.
The waveform below is commonly caused by a faulty PWM transformer TX4.
The waveform below is typical of an overdrive fault (2x1100 version only). This may be caused by a faulty IRF540 or in the
BC546-BC556-BF422 transistors in the FET drive section. Or it may be a result of breakdown in the BF422 transistors in the
driver stage (refer to Tech Note #165.)
8. All being well, connect another jumper wire from the +60V rail to the PCB point marked C on Diagram 2. Check the
waveform from the output of the IGBT. To do this, monitor the middle pin of the IGBT marked F on Diagram 2. You should
have a waveform similar to that shown below.
9. Move the oscilloscope's Gnd reference to the normal ground point of the amplifier; i.e., the four black wires (shown blue in
Diagram 1). When you turn on the DC power supply, the current should have risen to about 150 mA. You should see square-
wave outputs from the transformer at the points shown in green on Diagram 3.
For ± 15V (Note: the gain on the V/Div has been increased to give a better view):
You have now determined that the power supply is running and that there are DC supplies being generated. You should now
check the power supply using a mains supply input.
1. Remove all the connections used for the DC bench supply test. Be sure to remove the switch on the opto isolator -- if it's
left in position and switched on, the power supply will not power up.
2. At this stage you WILL NEED a MAINS isolation transformer. Note: This is not the same as
4. From the output of this transformer, connect the AC power cord to the amplifier.
WARNING: Using a Variac or noise isolation transformer instead of a MAINS isolation transformer could lead to
injury or death.
5. The unit should go through its normal start-up procedure. Once it has stopped flashing, move the Operate switch to the ON
position. The amplifier's power supply should start up after approximately 2 seconds.
6. If the protection light flashes, disconnect the AC power cord and check the chassis fuse and replace if necessary.
7. Also check the soft-start resistors (the flat thick-film 20-ohm resistors alongside the main transformer). If the resistors are
open circuit, use a temporary resistor during this phase, as changing the soft-start resistors is difficult and the resistors are
fragile. See Diagram 4 for details of the temporary resistor.
Diagram 4. Temporary resistor.
8. Replace the power cord and try the power supply again. It should start. You can measure the DC supply rails at the link
points.
9. Switch off the unit and bridge the isolating links between the PSU and amplifier stages with solder. Switch on the unit.
10. If the unit goes into protect mode, there is another fault in one or more channels. If the unit powers up correctly, inject a 1
kHz 1.5 dBu signal into Channel 1. Monitor the output (off load) for a clean sine wave.
11. Then use the second channel of the oscilloscope to monitor the case of the MJ15024 device. As you increase the output
from the amplifier, you should see a waveform similar to that shown below.
12. Move the second channel monitor to the case of the MJ15025 devices. Check that the waveform is similar to that shown
below.
Now put the amplifier boards back into the chassis. Fit the minimum of screws to ensure good earthing. If there are any
further problems, it is very frustrating to have to undo all the fixing screws again.
This will allow you to run the amplifier and perform the quick test. You will use a large input signal and overdrive each
channel for a while, then short the output and again overdrive each channel for a while.
3. Inject a +5 dBu, 100Hz sine wave signal into each channel's input and check for heavily clipped output. Run for 30
seconds.
5. Remove the short circuit and reduce the signal to +1.5 dBu (+1 dBu for the 4x300). You should see a clean, unclipped
output at the correct level shown below.
z 4x300 300W
z 2x650 650W
z 2x1100 1100W
3 Checkout/Adjustment Procedures
The following instructions outline an orderly checkout and troubleshooting procedure. The purpose and arrangement of this
procedure is to ensure proper operation after a repair has been completed. Before beginning these power-on tests, perform
the checks listed in Section 2. These checks will minimize the possibility of receiving a nasty surprise when turning on the
amplifier.
The start of each step assumes all switches are pre-set to the following positions:
CAUTION: If you are attempting to check or measure VI limiting, output power, or any other test which would require
the amplifier to produce large amounts of heat, the main module should be securely mounted inside the chassis. If
the module must be removed from the chassis, the test should be of very short duration.
WARNING: Do not connect any load to the Pulse power amplifier during these tests until specifically instructed to
do so.
WARNING: Many of the following checks are done by connecting a resistive load to the output of the amplifier. Use
caution and follow check-out procedures carefully to ensure correct results. These tests require a resistive load
capable of over 2000 W continuous into as low as 2 ohms.
WARNING: The Pulse-Series is capable of drawing 10 Amperes of current from 230VAC mains when loaded to 2
ohms per channel and with both channels driven by a 1 kHz sine wave.
Note: For the remaining tests, the main module should be placed back into the chassis if at all possible. Otherwise, the
heatsinks will become very warm, causing the amplifier to thermally protect itself. It is also possible under high-power bench
testing to blow the fuse.
z 8-Ohm Load: Minimum voltage is 56.6 Vrms (400W) with <0.1% THD for the 2x650, 74.8 Vrms (700W) with <0.1%
THD for the 2x1100, and 36.9 Vrms (170W) with <0.1% THD for the 4x300.
z 4-Ohm Load: Minimum voltage is 51.0 Vrms (650W) with <0.1% THD for the 2x650, 66.3 Vrms (1100W) with <0.1%
THD for the 2x1100, and 34.6 Vrms (300W) with <0.1% THD for the 4x300.
z 2-Ohm Load: Minimum voltage is 41.2 Vrms (850W) with <1.0% THD for the 2x650, 54.8 Vrms (1500W) with <1.0%
THD for the 2x1100, and 25.7 Vrms (330W) with <1.0% THD for the 4x300.
At the completion of testing, set all switches per customer request. If none are specified by the customer, the following are
standard factory settings for original shipment:
4 P.A.T. Check
There is also a requirement to perform a P.A.T (Portable Appliance Test) check on the product prior to return to customer.
This must be carried out by a P.A.T. certified engineer.
CE0462 VERT ELEC 10UF/63V 5X11MMSKP 18 C86, C91, C45, C78, C84,
C88, C75, C41, C18, C27,
C30, C74, C120, C129, C125,
C133, C13, C15
CE10003 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 200V 1800 8 C28, C29, C42, C43, C33,
C34, C117, C118
CE10004 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 40V 2200 XC06- 3 C5, C22, C159
CE10005 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 63V 1000 XC06- 1 C76
CE10009 NON-POL 10V 100UF JAMIC 9 C148, C54, C149, C63, C6,
C7, C8, C9, C21
CE10033 ELEC/L 63V 220UF 105 C XC06- 4 C73, C81, C128, C134
CS1221R-1206J CAP CRMC 220PF 5% 50V NP0 4 C25, C26, C27, C28
CS7104R-1206K CAP CRMC 100NF 10% 50V X7R 5 C10, C12, C23, C24, C33
CX10000 !CAP 275V 1UF X2 XC09- 1 C2
D-C300A-01 POT 16MM 10K LIN RD1610 A0X-P 2 P1, P2
DG10010 SWITCH ROUND SPST XK04- 1
DJ10006 SWITCH SLIDE DPDT 30A NO LE 1 SW1
DZ10012 RELAY SPCO 16A 48V XK06- 2 RLY1, RLY2
FA10002 40W IDC CONN SIDE EJECT XL04- 1
FA10003 34W IDC CONN SIDE EJECT XL04- 1
FF0728 28WY DIL IC SKT DUAL WIPE TIN 1
FF10003 PC JUMPER XL02- 8
FF10019 BINDING POST ASSY 4MM XL05- 1
FF10022 SPADE TAB VERT PC 0.125C 2
FF10030 4 POLE SKT - SPEAKON CA-CO 2 CN1, CN2
FF10046 2W 0.1 ST&F/L CONN HDR CA-CO 3 CN13, CN14, CN16
FF10055 SKT 1X12 SIDE ENTRY X 1
FF10063 CONN. 34W BOX GOLD XL04- 1
FF10073 HEADER 2X17 R/A XL04- 1
FF10079 TERMINAL BLOCK - 3 WAY XL04- 2 CN8, CN9
FF10080 PLUG 3 WAY FREE KLIPPON XL04- 2
FF10083 5 WAY PIN HDR.LATCH TYPE XL04- 1
FF10085 HEADER 1x12 THU VERT XL04- 1
FG10006 PCB FASTON 11
FH0760 REAN SLIMJACK S203-84G 2 CN2, CN3
FJ10005 !IEC FILTERED 10AMP CONN XL02- 1 CN1
FJ8019 !LEAD 10A USE FJ8016:17:18 1
FK0986 XLR CON FML R/A CHAS PIN MTL 2 CN6, CN7
FK0987 XLR CON ML R/A CHAS PIN MTL 2 CN4, CN5
HB10042 TRANS 240V/11-0-11V 4VA 1 TX5
HB10045 TRANSFORMER PT42E XP01- 1 TX8
HC0021 FERRITE BEAD AX 5X3.5MM TAPED 2 L4, L5
HC0028 INDUCTOR 10UH TOKO R621LY-100K 2 L2, L3
H-C300A-01 TRANSFORMER FET DRIVER W 1 TX6
H-C300B-01 CHOKE COM MODE E251 1 L1
H-C300E-01 CHOKE PULSE OUTPUT 2 L1, L2
H-C650A-01 TRANSFORMER.SMPS P2X650 1 TX7
J-C300A-01 LIGHTPIPES 8+1 - PULSE WAS J 1
J-C300B-01 LIGHTPIPE LARGE - PULSE WAS J 1
JS0004 LED RED SML-010UT 5 LD5, LD6, LD16, LD13, LD11
JS0005 LED YEL SML-010YT 4 LD9, LD14, LD15, LD17
JS0006 LED GRN SML-010PT 2 LD1, LD2
KA0267 SIF LIVE 4/8 POT KNOB GREY 2
KZ10000 POT COVER - PULSE XV02- 2
LA0008 7/0.2 RED WIRE 0.16
LA0041 16/0.2 GREEN/YELLW WIRE 0.12
LA0051 1/0.6 SINGLE STRAND WIRE PINK 0.05
L-B100A-02 EARTH WIRE MAINS TO CHASS 1
L-C300A-02 WIREFORM ASSY.FAN-80MM X 12V 2
L-C300B-03 WIRING LOOM - PULSE WAS - 1
L-C300C-02 WIRING LOOM-PULSE F\PANEL 2
L-C300E-01 INDUCTOR WIRE DETAIL 1
LF0572 H20 NEOPRENE SLEEVES 3
LF0573 H30 X 20 BLACK SLEEVE 2
LF0596 CABLE TIE 8.0 NARROW 7
M-C250A-01 250 & 650 SOFTWARE 1
NA0084 M3X6MM PAN POZI BLK SCREW 4
NA0384 M2.5X6MM PAN POZ BLK TAPTITE 8
NA0392 SCREW PLAS NO8X3/8" BLK 2
NA0397 M3X6 FLANGE SCREW BLK POZI 10
NA0424 NO.8X5/8" PAN POZI BLK Y CUT 4
NA10002 M3.6 PAN POZI TAPTITE ZN XW02- 4
NA10015 M3X16 PAN POZI SCR BZP CA-FI 32
NA10042 M3X16 SCREW BZP HEX CA-FI 2
NA10045 M4X6 PAN POZI SCR BLK CA-FI 4
NA10047 M3X10MM P/P ZINC CA-FI 1
NA10050 M5X20 TORX TAPTITE BK XW05- 4
NA10051 M5X16 TORX TAPTITE BLK XW05- 8
NB0113 M3 NYLON INSERT NUT 1
NB0122 M3 PLAIN NUT 6
NB10005 M3.5 NUT FULL BZP CA-FI 32
NB10014 NUT HALF M4 XW13- 4
N-B966B-01 ADHESIVE STRIP 10X10 966 WAS N 11
NC0221 M3 S/PROOF WASHER 6
NC0249 M4 PLAIN STEEL WASHER ZNC CLR 32
NC0256 M3 PLAIN WASHER 3
NC10018 WASHER-PLAS 9.5X4.75X0.5 XW07- 8
NC10022 M4 SPRING WASHER STL.BZP 32
ND10004 PILLAR METAL M3X10MM XW10- 2
ND10025 SPACER F/PANEL - PULSE XW10- 4
ND10027 SPACER NYLON FAN SCREW XW10- 4
ND10040 SPACER-NYLON 6.35X3.56X6.35LG. 4
NE0408 M3 SOLDER TAG 1
NZ10000 ADHESVIE BCK MIN SUPPORT CA-EL 2
P-C1100D-01 SPRING CLIP P-C11 1
P-C300A-02 INSULATOR HEATSINK - 250 XV01- 2
P-C300B-03 INSULATOR BASE TRAY-PULSE 1
P-C300E-01 FRONT PANEL THERM.INSUL. 2
P-C300F-01 HEATSINK-CUT & PUNCH 2
P-C300J-03 LID AMPLIFIER - PULSE 1
P-C300M-01 SPACER FAN (CUT) - PULSE 2
P-C300N-01 FAN SPACER FOAM - PULSE 2
P-C650A-01 SPACER - BINDING POST 1
P-C650Z-01 BADGE - PULSE 2X650 1
P-CR1100C-02 1100 SUB FRONT PANEL 1
P-CR300C-01 BADGE - CROWN 1
P-CR300I-02 FRONT PNL PUNCHED- CROWN 1
P-CR650B-01 650 BASETRAY 1
R-C650A-04-AF 650 PULSE MAIN PCB ASSY. R-650 1
R-C650B-02-AF 650 FRONT PANEL PCB ASSY R-650 1
R-C650B-02-SC 650 FRONT PANEL PCB -SC R-650 1
R-C650B-02-SM 650 FRONT PANEL PCB-SM R-650 1
R-CR650C-01-AF CROWN 650 REAR PANEL PCB ASSY. 1
S-C650A-04 PCB MAIN BOARD P2X650 W 1
S-C650B-02 PCB FRONT PANEL BRD.P2X650 1
S-CR650C-01 PCB CROWN OUTPUT BRD.P2X650 1
TA10022 CARTON CUSTOM PACK (WAS 1
TZ10001 GRIP BAG A4 XT01- 1
TZ10002 GRIP BAG SMALL 4 X 8IN XT01- 1
TZ10004 POLYBAG -26X24X250 GAUGE CA-MI 1
ZA0395-01 FCC LABEL SELF ADH 70X15 1
ZA10004 STICKER - SAFETY EARTH XT03- 1
ZA10020 LABEL SHOCK & MOISTURE XT03- 1
ZA10027 LABEL UL STD.6500 55X25 XT03- 1
ZA10039 FOAM SEALING STRIP XT05- 1.25
ZA10081 LABEL CARTON-CROWN PULSE 1
ZC0240 REG KOOL-PAD,SELF ADH 105SP900 4
ZC10014 HEATSINK TO220 CLIP ON CA-HA 1
ZC10018 CLIP HEATSINK TO-247 XW13- 15
ZC10029 TO3 INSULATING WASHER 16
ZC10030 TO3 PLASTIC COVER 2
ZD0332 FUSEHOLDER 10A 250V PCB MNT 1
ZD0334 20MM S/ENC PCB MNGT FUSEHOLDER 2
ZD10000 FUSE 20MM T200MA XM01- 1
ZD10002 FUSE 20MM T500MA XM01- 1
ZD10014 !FUSE 6.3 AMP S/D SLOW T CA-EL 1
ZE10007 CER RESONATOR 3.58MHZ XI01- 1 XT1
ZM10092-01 MANUAL CROWN P2X650 V1.0 1
ZZ2893R FILTER 100PF RFI TAPED 4 RF1, RF2, RF3, RF4
Pulse 2x1100 Parts List
AS0152R-0805F SM0805 RES 1K5 1% 0.1W T200 7 R34, R37, R40, R43, R49,
R50, R56
AS0432R-0805F SM0805 RES 4K3 1% 0.1W T200 14 R5, R6, R29, R12, R13, R30,
R19, R20, R31, R26, R27,
R32, R69, R74
AS0470R-0805F SM0805 RES 47R 1% 0.1W T200 8 R7, R14, R21, R28, R33,
R36, R39, R42
AS0471R-0805F SM0805 RES 470R 1% 0.1W T200 9 R45, R46, R47, R48, R54,
R55, R51, R53, R57
AS0512R-0805F SM0805 RES 5K1 1% 0.1W T200 16 R1, R2, R8, R9, R15, R16,
R22, R23, R52, R59, R63,
R64, R65, R66, R67, R68
BD0373 MJ15024 NPN POWER TRANS TO3 @ 8 TR73, TR57, TR27, TR11,
TR37, TR51, TR82, TR94
BD0374 MJ15025 PNP POWER TRANS TO3 @ 8 TR79, TR93, TR34, TR48,
TR14, TR29, TR62, TR75
CA0027 M/LAYER CRMC CAP 10N 100V 8 C139, C130, C56, C69, C71,
C49, C57, C141, C121, C131
CA0030 M/LAYER CRMC CAP 50V 4N7 2 C116, C47, C24, C26
CA0038R C/CAP 0.2"TAPED 100V 15PF 2 C23, C25
CA0041R C/CAP 0.2"TAPED 100V 47PF 4 C132, C58, C55, C127
CA0044R C/CAP 0.2"TAPED 100V 100PF 4
CA0045R C/CAP 0.2"TAPED 100V 150PF 2 C14, C15, C16, C17, C4,
C160
CE0445 VERT ELEC 1UF 63V SKP 5 C124, C52, C66, C136, C101
CE0446 VERT ELEC 100UF 25V SKP 4 C17, C18, C19, C20
CE0462 VERT ELEC 10UF/63V 5X11MMSKP 20 C100, C107, C86, C91, C84,
C88, C97, C105, C18, C30,
C27, C74, C120, C129,
C125, C133, C9, C11, C13,
C15
CE0467 VERT ELEC 4700/100V LPW 2 C117, C118
CE10003 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 200V 1800 6 C28, C29, C42, C43, C33,
C34
CE10004 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 40V 2200 XC06- 3 C5, C22, C159
CE10005 ELEC/LYTIC RAD 63V 1000 XC06- 1 C76
CE10009 NON-POL 10V 100UF JAMIC 17 C143, C126, C144, C135,
C149, C63, C148, C54, C6,
C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12,
C13, C21
CE10033 ELEC/L 63V 220UF 105 C XC06- 4 C73, C81, C128, C134
CS1221R-1206J CAP CRMC 220PF 5% 50V NP0 8 C25, C26, C27, C28, C29,
C30, C31, C32
CS7104R-0805K CAP CRMC 100NF 10% 50V X7R 4 C10, C12, C14, C16
CS7104R-1206K CAP CRMC 100NF 10% 50V X7R 6 C21, C22, C23, C24, C33,
C34
CX10000 !CAP 275V 1UF X2 XC09- 1 C2
CZ10001 100N 630V POLYP.CAP.22.5 MM PT 2
D-C300A-01 POT 16MM 10K LIN RD1610 A0X-P 4 P1, P2, P3, P4
DG10010 SWITCH ROUND SPST XK04- 1
FK0986 XLR CON FML R/A CHAS PIN MTL 4 CN6, CN7, CN8, CN9
HB10042 TRANS 240V/11-0-11V 4VA 1 TX5
HB10045 TRANSFORMER PT42E XP01- 1 TX8
HC0021 FERRITE BEAD AX 5X3.5MM TAPED 2 L5, L6
HC0028 INDUCTOR 10UH TOKO R621LY-100K 2 L2, L3
HC10012 INDUCTOR 47UH RADIAL 1 L4
H-C300A-01 TRANSFORMER FET DRIVER W 1 TX6
H-C300B-01 CHOKE COM MODE E251 1 L1
H-C300C-01 TRANSFORMER SMPS P4X300 1 TX-7
H-C300E-01 CHOKE PULSE OUTPUT 4 L1, L2, L3, L4
J-C300A-01 LIGHTPIPES 8+1 - PULSE WAS J 1
ZZ2893R FILTER 100PF RFI TAPED 8 RF1, RF2, RF3, RF4, RF5,
RF6, RF7, RF8