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Problem Set-2

The document discusses numerical analysis methods for finding roots of equations, including fixed-point iteration, Newton's method, and the Secant method, with specific examples and solutions provided. It also covers error analysis related to the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Manning's formula for flow in a rectangular channel, including calculations for absolute and relative errors. The document emphasizes the importance of convergence patterns and error estimation in numerical methods.

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Samiul Karim Sk
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4 views

Problem Set-2

The document discusses numerical analysis methods for finding roots of equations, including fixed-point iteration, Newton's method, and the Secant method, with specific examples and solutions provided. It also covers error analysis related to the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Manning's formula for flow in a rectangular channel, including calculations for absolute and relative errors. The document emphasizes the importance of convergence patterns and error estimation in numerical methods.

Uploaded by

Samiul Karim Sk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-261

Numerical Analysis
Topic – Roots of Equation (Open Method)

1. Use the fixed-point iteration technique to find a root of f(x) = x3 + x − 1 with an initial guess
x0 = 0.5 to two correct decimal places. (Ans: 0.68)

2. Find the root of the following equation using the Newton’s method, 8 − 4.5(x − sinx) = 0.
Use the initial guess, x0 = 2.0 and εs = 0.1%. From your solution, show that Newton’s
method converges quadratically. (Ans: 2.4305)

3. Lee and Duffy (1976) relate the friction factor for flow of a suspension of fibrous particles
to the Reynolds number by this empirical equation:
1 1
( 
)
=   ln Re f + 14 −
f k 
5.6 
k 

In their relation, f is the friction factor, Re is the Reynolds number, and k is a constant
determined by the concentration of suspension. For a suspension with 0.08% concentration,
k = 0.28. What is the value of f if Re = 3750? Use the Secant method with initial guesses of
0.005 and 0.006. Show only one iteration. (Ans: 0.00514)
ME-261
Numerical Analysis
Topic – Roots of Equation and Error Analysis (Open Method)
Problem 1:
The function f(x) = x3 + 4x2 – 10 has a unique root in [1, 2]. The function can be rearranged to the
fixed-point iteration form using simple algebraic manipulation as
1
i. x = g1 ( x ) = 10 − x3
2
x3 + 4 x 2 − 10
ii. x = g2 ( x ) = x −
3x 2 + 8 x
iii. x = g3 ( x ) = x − x3 − 4 x 2 + 10

Calculate the root using the above three different forms and discuss the convergence pattern. If the
above problem is solved using the Bisection method, estimate the percentage error after 5
iterations.
Problem 2:
The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be employed to estimate the rate of radiation of energy
from a surface as,
H = A e σ T4
Where H is in Watts, A = the surface area (m2), e = the emissivity that characterizes
the emitting properties of the surface (dimensionless), σ = a universal constant called
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (=5.67 × 10-8 Wm-2 K-4) and T = absolute temperature (K)
Determine the absolute and relative error of H for a copper sphere with radius = 0.15
± 0.02 m, e = 0.90 ± 0.05 and T = 550 ± 25 K.
Problem 3:
Manning's formula for a rectangular channel can be written as
5
1
1 (𝐵𝐻)3
𝑄 = 𝑛 2 𝑆2
(𝐵+2𝐻)3

Where Q = flow (m3/s), n = a roughness coefficient, B = width (m), H = depth (m), and S =
slope. You are applying this formula to a stream when you know that the width = 20 m and depth
= 0.3 m. Unfortunately, you know the roughness and the slope to only a ±10% precision. That is,
you know that the roughness is about 0.03 with a range from 0.027 to 0.033 and the slope is
0.0003 with a range from 0.00027 to 0.00033. Find the relative and absolute error of Q.

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