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Difference Between DES and AES

DES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are both symmetric block ciphers, with AES introduced to address the security limitations of DES. The key differences include DES's 56-bit key size and Feistel structure versus AES's larger key sizes (128, 192, or 256 bits) and substitution-permutation principle. AES is generally considered more secure and faster than DES due to its design and key size.

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6 views5 pages

Difference Between DES and AES

DES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are both symmetric block ciphers, with AES introduced to address the security limitations of DES. The key differences include DES's 56-bit key size and Feistel structure versus AES's larger key sizes (128, 192, or 256 bits) and substitution-permutation principle. AES is generally considered more secure and faster than DES due to its design and key size.

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Difference Between DES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES

(Advanced Encryption Standard)


DES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) both are the
symmetric block cipher. AES was introduced to overcome the drawback of DES. As DES has a
smaller key size which makes it less secure to overcome this triple DES was introduced but it
turns out to be slower. Hence, later AES was introduced by the National Institute of Standard and
Technology. The basic difference between DES and AES is that in DES plaintext block is
divided into two halves before the main algorithm starts whereas, in AES the entire block is
processed to obtain the ciphertext.

Comparison Chart

BASIS FOR DES (DATA ENCRYPTION AES (ADVANCED ENCRYPTION

COMPARISON STANDARD) STANDARD)

Basic In DES the data block is divided into In AES the entire data block is

two halves. processed as a single matrix.

Principle DES work on Feistel Cipher structure. AES works on Substitution and

Permutation Principle.

Plaintext Plaintext is of 64 bits Plaintext can be of 128,192, or 256 bits

Key size DES in comparison to AES has AES has larger key size as compared to

smaller key size. DES.

Rounds 16 rounds 10 rounds for 128-bit algo

12 rounds for 192-bit algo

14 rounds for 256-bit algo


BASIS FOR DES (DATA ENCRYPTION AES (ADVANCED ENCRYPTION

COMPARISON STANDARD) STANDARD)

Rounds Names Expansion Permutation, Xor, S-box, Subbytes, Shiftrows, Mix columns,

P-box, Xor and Swap. Addroundkeys.

Security DES has a smaller key which is less AES has large secret key

secure. comparatively hence, more secure.

Speed DES is comparatively slower. AES is faster.

Definition of DES (Data Encryption Standard)

Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric key block cipher that was adopted by National
Institute of Standard and Technology in the year 1977. DES is based on the Feistel
structure where the plaintext is divided into two halves. DES takes input as 64-bit plain text and
56-bit key to produce 64-bit Ciphertext.

In the figure below you can see the encryption of plaintext using DES. Initially, the 64-bit
plaintext undergoes initial permutation which rearranges the bits to get 64-bit permuted input.
Now this 64 bit permuted input is divided into two halves i.e. 32-bit left portion and 32-bit right
portion. Both this portion undergoes sixteen rounds where each round follows the same
functions. After completion of sixteen rounds, final permutation is done, and the 64-bit
ciphertext is obtained.
Each round contains following functions:

 Expansion Permutation: Here the 32-bit right portion is expanded to form 48-bit right
portion.
 Xor: The 48-bit right portion is Xor with 48-bit subkey obtained from the 56-bit key,
which results in the 48-bit output.

 S-box: The 48-bit output obtained by Xor step is reduced to 32 bit again.
 P-box: Here the 32-bit result obtained from S-box is again permuted, which result in 32-
bit permuted output.
Definition of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is also a symmetric key block cipher. AES was
published in 2001 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. AES was
introduced to replace DES as DES uses very small cipher key and the algorithm was quite
slower.

AES algorithm takes 128-bit plaintext and 128-bit secret key which together forms a 128-bit
block which is depicted as 4 X 4 square matrix. This 4 X 4 square matrix undergoes an initial
transformation. This step is followed by the 10 rounds. Among which 9 round contain following
stages:

 Subbytes: It uses S-box by which it performs byte by byte substitution of the entire block
(matrix).
 Shift Rows: Rows of the matrix are shifted.
 Mix Columns: Columns are of the matrix are shuffled from right to left.
 Add round keys: Here, the Xor of the current block and the expanded key is performed.

And the last 10th round involves Subbytes, Shift Rows, and Add round keys stages only and
provides 16 bytes (128-bit) ciphertext.
Key Differences Between DES and AES

1. The basic difference between DES and AES is that the block in DES is divided into two
halves before further processing whereas, in AES entire block is processed to obtain
ciphertext.
2. The DES algorithm works on the Feistel Cipher principle, and the AES algorithm works
on substitution and permutation principle.
3. The key size of DES is 56 bit which is comparatively smaller than AES which has
128,192, or 256-bit secret key.
4. The rounds in DES include Expansion Permutation, Xor, S-box, P-box, Xor and Swap.
On the other hands, rounds in AES include Subbytes, Shiftrows, Mix columns,
Addroundkeys.
5. DES is less secure than AES because of the small key size.
6. AES is comparatively faster than DES.

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