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Assignment-4-MTH424

This document outlines Assignment 4 for MTH 424 - Partial Differential Equations at IIT Kanpur, instructed by Indranil Chowdhury. The assignment includes problems related to the Fundamental solution, bounded domains, sub-harmonic functions, and the Poisson Kernel, requiring proofs and constructions of specific mathematical functions and properties. Each problem emphasizes the application of theoretical concepts in partial differential equations.

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Ankit Kumar
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3 views

Assignment-4-MTH424

This document outlines Assignment 4 for MTH 424 - Partial Differential Equations at IIT Kanpur, instructed by Indranil Chowdhury. The assignment includes problems related to the Fundamental solution, bounded domains, sub-harmonic functions, and the Poisson Kernel, requiring proofs and constructions of specific mathematical functions and properties. Each problem emphasizes the application of theoretical concepts in partial differential equations.

Uploaded by

Ankit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 424 - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUSTION

IIT KANPUR
Instructor: Indranil Chowdhury
Odd Semester, 2024-25

Assignment 4

1. Show that the Fundamental solution Φ is locally integrable for any dimension n ≥ 2.
Check integrability of its partial derivatives.
2. Let Ω ⊂ R3 be a bounded domain. Show that the following problem
(
△u = u in Ω,
u=0 on ∂Ω

has only solution u ≡ 0. [HINT: Multiply both side of the equation by u and integrate
over Ω.]
3. (a) Define a C 2 sub-harmonic function and prove that for any bounded domain Ω

max u = max u
Ω̄ ∂Ω

(b) Construct a C 2 function such that


(
∆u = 2n in B1 (0) ∈ Rn
u = 1 on ∂B1 (0)

(c) Assume, u ∈ C 2 (B(0, 1)) which solves the following equation


(
−∆u = f in B1 (0)
u = 0 on ∂B1 (0).

Show that

max |u(x)| ≤ max |f (x)|.


B1 (0) B1 (0)

4. Let u ∈ C 2 (Ω) ∩ C(Ω) satisfies


n n
X ∂ 2u X ∂u
Lu = ai,j (x) (x) + bi (x) (x) + c(x)u(x) ≥ 0,
i,j=1
∂x i ∂x j i=1
∂x i

where aij = aji , bi , c are real valued smooth functions on Ω and c < 0 and (ai,j )i,j is a
non-negative definite matrix. Then show that u can not take interior positive maximum
in Ω.
n
X ∂ 2u
[HINT: If x0 ∈ Ω is point of maximum, then prove first that ai,j (x0 ) (x0 ) ≤ 0]
i,j=1
∂xi ∂xj
5. Let u ∈ C 2 (Ω) ∩ C(Ω) be a solution of
n
X ∂u
△u + bi (x) (x) + c(x)u(x) = 0 in Ω
i=1
∂xi

with c(x) < 0 in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω. Show that u ≡ 0. [HINT: Use previous result with u
and −u]
6* Let K(x, y) be the Poisson Kernel of −△ in B(0, 1). Show that
R
(a) ∂B(0,1) K(x, y)dy = 1,
R
(b) If u(x) = ∂B(0,1) K(x, y)g(y)dy, for some g ∈ C(∂B(0, 1)) and x ∈ B(0, 1), then
△u = 0 in B(0, 1).
(c) If u is as above, then limx→x0 u(x) = g(x0 ) for all x0 ∈ ∂B(0, 1).
7* Use Poisson formula for unit ball to show that
1 − |x|2 1 − |x|2
u(0) ≤ u(x) ≤ u(0).
(1 + |x|)n (1 − |x|)n

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