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12th Physics Numerical Problem Questions With Answer English Medium PDF Download

The document contains a series of numerical problems and solutions related to physics topics, including de-Broglie wavelength, transformers, electric fields, and refractive indices. It covers various examinations from March 2019 to June 2023, providing detailed calculations and formulas for each problem. The content is aimed at helping students prepare for public examinations in physics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
93 views12 pages

12th Physics Numerical Problem Questions With Answer English Medium PDF Download

The document contains a series of numerical problems and solutions related to physics topics, including de-Broglie wavelength, transformers, electric fields, and refractive indices. It covers various examinations from March 2019 to June 2023, providing detailed calculations and formulas for each problem. The content is aimed at helping students prepare for public examinations in physics.

Uploaded by

santoshaathi2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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com
PUBLIC EXAMINATION YEAR WISE (MARCH 2019 – JUNE 2023)
(TWO MARKS NUMERICAL PROBLEMS QUESTION WITH SOLUTION)
1. The de-Broglie wavelength of a neutron of kinetic energy K is λ. When its kinetic energy.
is 4 K, what is the de-Broglie wavelength of the neutron? (MARCH – 2019)

de Broglie wavelength 𝜆 = Here E = K
√2𝑚𝐸

de Broglie wavelength 𝜆 = E = 4K
√2𝑚𝐾
ℎ ℎ ℎ
de Broglie wavelength 𝜆′ = ; 𝜆′ = (or) 𝜆′ =
√2𝑚4𝑘 2√2𝑚𝑘 2

et
2. The number of turns in the primary of an ideal transformer is 400 and that in the
secondary 2000. If the output power from the secondary at 1000 V is kW then calculate
the voltage and current in the primary coil. (MARCH – 2019)

i.N
ES NS 400
= ; EP = 1000 X ; EP = 200 V
𝐸P 𝑁P 2000
Ideal Transformer = EPIP = ESIS

la
10000
IP = ; IP = 50A
200

3.
sa
An ideal transformer has 460 and 40,000 turns in the primary and secondary coils
respectively. Find the voltage developed per turn of the secondary coil if the transformer
is connected to a 230 V AC main. (MARCH – 2020)
da
VP NS 230 x 40000
i) Secondary voltage, VS = = ; VS = 20000V
NP 460
VS 20000
Pa

ii) Secondary voltage per turn, = ; = 0.5 V


NS 40000

4. Two materials X and Y are magnetized whose intensity of magnetization are 500 Am–1
and 2000 Am–1 respectively. The magnetizing field is 1000 Am–1. What is the ratio
w.

between the susceptibilities of the two material? (MARCH – 2020)


⃗⃗⃗ |
|M 500
The susceptibility of material X is 𝜒m X = = = 0.5
ww

⃗⃗ |
|H 1000
⃗⃗⃗ | 2000
|M
The susceptibility of material Y is 𝜒m Y = ⃗⃗ |
= =2
|H 1000
Since, susceptibility of material Y is greater than that of material X, material
Y can be easily magnetized than X. 0.5 : 4 or 1 : 4

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5. An electron in Bohr’s hydrogen atom has an energy of –3.4 eV. What is the angular
momentum of the electron? (MARCH – 2020)
−13.6
Total Energy En = = 4 : n2 = 4 : n = 2
−3.4
𝑛ℎ ℎ 6.63x10−34
Angular momentum L = ;= ;=
2𝜋 𝜋 3.14
L = 2.11 x 10-34 kgm2s−1

6. Calculate the cut-off wavelength and cut-off frequency of X-rays from an X-ray tube of
accelerating potential 20,000 V. (SEPTEMBER – 2020, MAY – 2022)
12400

et
The cut-off wavelength of the characteristic x-rays is λ0 = Å
V
12400
= Å ; = 0.62 Å

i.N
20000
c 3 x 108
The corresponding frequency is v0 = ;=
λ0 0.62 x 10−10
v0 = 4.84 x 1018 Hz

la
7. Potential in a given region is given as a function of distance x, V=5(𝑥 2+𝑥) Volt.
Find the electric field when 𝑥 = 1 cm. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
dv
sad
E= ;= (5x2 + 5x) ;
dx dx
= 10x + 5 ; x = 1 ; E = 10 +5 =15 Vcm-1
da

8. If an electric field of magnitude 570 NC–1. Is applied in the copper wire, find the
experienced by the electron. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
Pa

Ee 570 x 1.6 x 10−19


a= ;= ; a= 100.29 x 1012 ms-2
𝑚 9.1 x 10−31
w.

9. Compute the speed of electromagnetic wave in a medium if the amplitudes of electric


and magnetic fields in it are 3 x 104 NC–1 and 2 x 10–4 T respectively.
(SEPTEMBER – 2020)
ww

E
Speed of the electromagnetic wave in a medium is 𝑣 =
B
3 x 104
𝑣= ; 𝑣 = 1.5 x 108 ms-1
2 x 10−4

10. Find the Polarizing angle for glass of refractive index 1.5.
(SEPTEMBER – 2021, JUNE – 2023)
Brewster’s law, tan𝑖𝑃 = n
For glass, tan𝑖𝑃 = 1.5; 𝑖𝑃 = tan-1 1.5; 𝑖𝑃 = 56.30

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11. Dielectric strength of air is 4x10 Vm . Suppose the radius of a hollow sphere in the
6 –1

Van de Graaff generator is R = 0.4 m, calculate the maximum potential difference


created by this Van de Graaff generator. (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
The electric field on the surface of the sphere (by Gauss law) is given by
1 𝑄
E=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
The potential on the surface of the hollow metallic sphere is given by
1 𝑄
V= = ER ; With Vmax = Emax R
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
𝑉
Here Emax = 4 x 106 . So, the maximum potential difference created is given by
𝑚
Vmax = 4 × 106 × 0.4 ; = 1.6 × 106 V (or) 1.6 million volt

et
12. Calculate the momentum of an electron with kinetic energy 2 eV.

i.N
(SEPTEMBER – 2021, JUNE – 2023)
Momentum of the electron is
p = √2𝑚𝐾 = √2 x9.1 x 10−31 x 2 x 1.6 x 10−19 ; √58.24 x 10−50

la
p = 7.63 x 10-25 kg ms-1

13. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2 carries a current of 0.2 A. If the free
sa
electron density of copper is 8.4 x 1028 m–3 then compute the drift velocity of free
electrons. (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
da
The relation between drift velocity of electrons and current in a wire of c ross-
I 0.2
sectional area A is Vd = ;= ‘
neA 8.4x 1028 x 1.6 x 10−19 x 0.5 x 10−6
2 x 10−3
Pa

= Vd = 0.03 x 10-3 ms-1


6.72

197
14. Calculate the radius of 79 Au nucleus. (MAY – 2022)
w.

1 1
(R = R0A3 ), R = 1.2 x 10-15 x (197)3
= 6.97 x 10-15m (or) R = 6.97 F
ww

15. The angle of minimum deviation for the equilateral prism is 400. Find the refractive
index of the material of the prism. (MAY – 2022)
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
Equation for refractive index is, n = 𝐴
𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
600 +400
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (500 ) 0.766
2
Substituting the values, n = 600
;= ;= ; = 1.532;
𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (300 ) 0.5
2
The refractive index of the material of the prism is, n = 1.532 (No Unit)

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16. Pure water has refractive index 1.33. What is the speed of light through it?
(JULY – 2022)
𝑐 𝑐 3 x 108
n= ;𝑣= ;𝑣= ; = 2.25 x 108 ms-1
𝑣 𝑛 1.33
Light travels with a speed of 2.25 × 108 ms-1 through pure water.

17. Calculate the equivalent resistance for the circuit which is connected to 12 V battery
and find the potential difference across 2Ω and 4Ω resistors in the circuit.
(JULY – 2022)

et
i.N
Since the resistors are connected in series, the effective resistance in the circuit =
2Ω+4Ω=6Ω

la
V 12
The Current 𝐼 in the circuit = = =2A
Req 6
Voltage across 4Ω resistor
sa
V1 = IR1 = 2A x 2 Ω = 4 V
Voltage across 6 Ω resistors
V2 = IR1 = 2A x 4 Ω = 8 V
da

18. The relative magnetic permeability of the medium is 2.5 and the relative electrical
permittivity of the medium is 2.25. Compute the refractive index of the medium.
Pa

(JULY – 2022, MARCH 2023)

Refractive index of the medium, n = √ϵrμr ; = √2.25 x 2.5 ;


w.

= √5.625; n =2.37 No Unit

19. The ratio of intensities of two waves in an interference pattern is 36 : 1. What is the
ww

ratio of the amplitudes of the two interfering waves? (MARCH – 2023)

I ∝ 𝑎2 (OR) I1 ∝ 𝑎12 (OR) I2 ∝ 𝑎22


𝐼1 𝑎21 𝑎1 𝐼 36 𝑎1 6
= (OR) = √1 =√ ; =
𝐼2 𝑎22 𝑎2 𝐼 1
2 𝑎2 1

(OR)
I ∝ 𝑎 (OR) Imax ∝ (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 )2 and Imin ∝ (𝑎1 − 𝑎2 )2
2

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 +𝑎2 )2 𝑎1 +𝑎2 𝐼 36


= (𝑎1 2
(OR) = √ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √
𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 −𝑎2 ) 𝑎1 − 𝑎2 𝐼 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
(𝑎1 +𝑎2 ) 6 𝑎1 7
= (OR) =
(𝑎1 − 𝑎2 ) 1 𝑎2 5

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20. If the resistance of coil is 3Ω at 20 C and 𝛼 = 0.004/0C, then , determine its resistance
0

at 1000C. (MARCH – 2023)


RT= R0(1 + α(T-T0))
R100 = 3(1 + 0.004 × 80) ; R100 = 3(1 + 0.32)
R100 = 3(1.32) ;R100 = 3.96 Ω

21. Determine the number of electrons flowing per second through a conductor, when a
current of 32 A flows through it? (JUNE – 2023)
I = 32 A , t = 1 s Charge of an electron, e = 1.6 × 10-19 C The number of
electrons flowing per second, n =?

et
q ne 𝐼𝑡 32 x 1
I= = ;n= ;n=
t t 𝑒 1.6 x 10−19 C
n= 20 × 1019 = 2× 1020 electrons

i.N
22. The radius of the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom is 13.25 Å . Calculate the de Broglie
wavelength of the electron orbiting in the 5th orbit. (JUNE – 2023)

la
2𝜋𝑟 = 𝑛𝜆 ; 2 x3.14 x 13.25 Å = 5 x 𝜆 ; ∴ 𝜆 = 16.64 Å
2𝜋𝑟 2 X 3.14 X 13.24 X 10−10
(or) 𝜆 =
sa ;= ; = 2 X 3.14 X 2.68 X 10-10
𝑛 5
𝜆 = 16.64 X 10-10 m ; 𝜆 = 16.64 Å
da
Pa
w.
ww

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PUBLIC EXAMINATION YEAR WISE (MARCH 2019 – JUNE 2023)
(THREE MARKS NUMERICAL PROBLEMS QUESTION WITH SOLUTION)

1.

The heat developed across 6 Ω resistor per second is 50 J. Calculate the heat
developed per second across 2 Ω resistor in the given electric circuit. (MARCH – 2019)
V2 t V2 x 1

et
H= ;= ; = V2 = 6H ; V2 = 6 x 50 ; V2 = 300
R 6
V √300
I1 = (R ;=

i.N
1 +R2 ) 5
300
H = I2Rt ; = x 2 x 1 ; H =24J
25

2. Half lives of two radioactive elements are 12 hrs and 16 hrs respectively. If at any

la
instant, the ratio of the amounts of radioactive substance is 2 : 1 , then after 2 days,
What will be the ratio of the un-decayed portions? (MARCH – 2019)
sa
N1 = (N0)1 (½ )n1 --------1
N2 = (N0)2 (½ )n2 --------2
da
2 x 24 2 x 24
n1 = = 4 ; n2 = = 3 --------3
12 16
2 x 24
n1 = =4 ;
12
Pa

1
(𝑁0 )1 2 𝑁1 2 (2)4 𝑁1 1 𝑁1
= ; = ; = 2x ; = 1 N1 : N2 = 1 : 1
(𝑁0 )2 1 𝑁2 1 (1)3 𝑁2 2 𝑁2
2
w.

3. In Young’s double slit experiment two coherent sources of intensity ratio of 64:1,
produce interference fringes. Calculate the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities.
(MARCH – 2019)
ww

I1 𝑎1 2 64 𝑎1 8
= = = = a1 = 8a2
I2 𝑎2 2 1 𝑎2 1
Imax (𝑎 +𝑎2 )2 (8𝑎2 +𝑎2 )2 (9𝑎2 )2 81
= (𝑎 1 2
; = (8𝑎 )2
;=( )2
;=
Imin 1 − 𝑎2 ) 2 − 𝑎2 7𝑎2 49
Imax : I min : 81 : 49

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4. Two light sources of equal amplitudes interfere with each other. Calculate the ratio of
maximum and minimum intensities. (MARCH – 2019)
ϕ ϕ
I ∝ 4a2 cos 2 ( ) (or) I = 4 I0 cos 2 ( )
2 2
Resultant Intensity for maximum : 𝜙 = 0 , cos 𝜃 = 1 ; I max 𝛼 4𝑎2
𝜋
Resultant Intensity for minimum : 𝜙 = 𝜋 , cos = 0 ; I min. 𝛼 0
2
Imax = I min = 4a2 : 0

5. The resistance of a nichrome wire at 00 C is 10Ω. If its temperature coefficient of


resistance is 0.004/0C, find its resistance at boiling point of water. Comment on the

et
result. (MARCH – 2020)
Temperature of boiling point of water,

i.N
RT = R0 (1 + 𝛼T) ; = 10[1+(0.004 x 1000]
RT = 10(1+0.4) = 10 x 1.4 ; RT = 14 Ω
As the temperature increases the resistance of the wire also increases.

la
6. In the circuit shown in the figure, the input voltage Vi is 20 V, VBE = 0 V and VCE = 0 V.
sa
What are the values of IB , IC , β? (MARCH – 2020)
da
Pa
w.

𝑉𝑖 20 V
IB = = ;= 40𝜇A [∴ VBE = 0V]
𝑅𝐵 500 kΩ
𝑉𝐶𝐶 20 V
IC = = ; = 5mA [∴ VCE = 0V]
𝑅𝐶 4 kΩ
ww

IC 5 𝑚𝐴
β= = ; β = 125
IB 40𝜇A

7. Half lives of two radioactive elements A and B are 20 minutes and 40 minutes
respectively. Initially the samples have equal number of nuclei. Calculate the ratio of
decayed number of A and B nuclei after 80 minutes. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
15
Decayed part of A atom : or 93.75 %
16
3
Decayed part of B atom : or 75 %
4
NA 5
Ratio between A and B atom = or NA = NB = 5 : 4
NB 4
NA = NB = 1.25% (or)
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80 minutes = 4 half-lives of A = 2 half live of B
Let the initial number of nuclei in each sample be N.
N
NA after 80 minutes =
24
15
Number of A nuclides decayed = N
16
N
NB after 80 minutes =
24
3
Number of B nuclides decayed = N
4
15 4 5
Required ratio = x = ; NA :NB = 5 : 4
16 3 4

80
8. An 500 μH, pF capacitor and a 628 Ω resistor are connected to form a series RLC

et
π2
circuit. Calculate the resonant frequency and Q-factor of this circuit at resonance.
(SEPTEMBER – 2020)

i.N
1 1
f= ;=
2π√LC 80
2𝜋√500 x 10−6 x x10−12
𝜋𝐿
1 10000 x 103

la
= ;= ; f = 2500kHz
2√40000 x 10−10 4
sa
Q factor =
𝜔𝑟 𝐿 2 x 3.14 x 2500 x 103 x 500 x10−6
;
𝑅 628
Q factor = 12.5
da
9. Write the output (Y) Boolean expression for the following circuit with inputs A, B and C.
(SEPTEMBER – 2020)
Pa
w.
ww

Output of A and B = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅


𝐴̅ + 𝐵̅ or ̿̿̿̿
𝐴𝐵 or AB
Output of C = C
Output of circuit Y = ABC

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10. The repulsive force between two magnetic poles in air is 9x10–3 N. If the two poles are
equal in strength and are separated by a distance of 10 cm, calculate the pole strength
of each pole. (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
𝑞𝑚𝐴 𝑞𝑚𝐵
The force between two poles are given by ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑟̂
𝑟2
𝑞𝑚𝐴 𝑞𝑚𝐵
The magnitude of the force is F = k
𝑟2
Given : F = 9 x 10-3N, r = 10 cm = 10 x 10-2 m
q2m
Therefore, 9 x 10-3 = 10-7 x (10 ⟹ qm2 = 900 ; qm = 30 NT-1
x 10−2 )2

et
11. 92U235nucleus emits 2α particles, 3β particles and 2γ particles. What is the resulting
atomic number and mass number? (SEPTEMBER – 2021)

i.N
The α- decay process symbolically written as
A A−4 4
ZX → Z−2Y + 2He .
(e.g.) 235 235−8 4 227
92U → 2𝛼 92−4 X + 2 2He ; 88 X + 2 2He
4

la
In β− decay,
A A 0 227 0 227 0
ZX → Z+1Y + −1e + 𝑣̅ . (e.g.) 88+3 Y + 3 −1e ; 91 Y + 3 −1e
sa A
During gamma decay there is no change in atomic number and mass number. Z X∗ →
A
ZX +gamma rays (𝛾)
da
12. Find the:
(i) Angular momentum
(ii) Velocity of the electron revolving in the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom.
Pa

(h = 6.6 x 10–34 Js; m = 9.1 x 10–31 kg) (MAY – 2022)

𝑛ℎ 5 x 6.6 x10−34
(i) Angular momentum is given by = 𝑛ℏ = ;=
2𝜋 2 x 3.14
= 5.25 x 10-34 kgm2s-1
w.

𝑙 (5.25 x 10−34 kgm2 s−1)


(ii) Velocity is given by velocity, = ;= −10 m)
𝑚𝑟 (9.1 x 10−31 kg) (13.25 x 10
ww

𝑣 = 4.4 x 105 ms-1

13. Find the impedance of a series RLC circuit, if the inductive reactance, capacitive
reactance and resistance are 184 Ω, 144 Ω, and 30 Ω respectively. Also calculate the
phase angle between voltage and current. (MAY – 2022)
2
(i ) The impedance is Impedance, Z = √R2+(XL−XC)
= √302+ (184 − 144)2 ; = √900 + 1600
Impedance, Z = 50 Ω
XL −XC 184−144
(ii) Phase angle is tan ϕ = ; ; = 1.33 ; ϕ = 53.10
𝑅 30

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14. Light travels from air into a glass slab of thickness 50 cm and refractive index 1.5.
(a) What is the speed of light in the glass slab?
(b) What is the time taken by the light to travel through the glass slab? (JULY – 2022)
𝑐 3 x 108
Speed of light in glass is, 𝑣 = ; = ; = 2 x 108 ms-1.
𝑛 1.5
Time taken by light to travel through glass slab is,
𝑑 0.5
𝑡= ;= = 2.5 x 10-9 s
𝑣 2 x 108

Optical path, 𝑑 = 𝑛𝑑 = 1.5 × 0.5; = 0.75m ; =75 cm
Light would have travelled 25 cm more (75 cm – 50 cm) in vacuum by the same time
had there not been a glass slab.

et
15. Calculate the number of nuclei of carbon-14 undecayed after 22,920 years if the
initial number of carbon-14 atoms is 10,000. The half –life of carbon-14 is

i.N
5730 years. (JULY – 2022)
𝑡 22920 yr
To get the time interval in terms of half-life, n = = =4
𝑇1/2 5730 yr

la
The number of nuclei remaining un-decayed after 22,920 years,
1 𝑛 1 4
N = ( ) No ; = ( ) x 10000 ; N = 625
2
sa 2

16. An electron moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field 0.500 T undergoes


circular motion of radius 2.50 mm. What is the speed of electron? (JULY – 2022)
da
𝑟𝐵
Velocity of the electron, 𝑣 = |𝑞|
𝑚
−19 2.50 x 10−3 x 0.500
Pa

𝑣 = 1.60 x 10 x ;
9.11 x 10−31
𝑣 = 2.195 x 108 ms-1

17. The given circuit has two ideal diodes connected as shown in figure below. Calculate
w.

the current flowing through the resistance R1 (MARCH – 2023)


ww

Diode D1 is reverse biased so, it will block the current and Diode D2 is forward
biased, so it will pass the current.
Rnet = 2 + 2 = 4Ω
V 10 10
Current in the circuit is I = ;= = ; I = 2.5A
R 2+2 4

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18. Calculate the amount of energy released in joules when 1 kg of 235
92U undergoes fission
reaction. (MARCH – 2023)
235 235
235 g of 92U has 6.02 x 1023 atoms. In one gram of 92U, the number of atoms is
6.02x1023
equal to = 2.56 x 1021 ;
235
So the number of atoms present in 1 kg of 235 92U = 2.56 x 10 x 1000 = 2.56 x 10
21 24

Each 235
92U nucleus releases 200 Mev of energy during the fission. The total energy
released by 1 kg of 235
92U is
Q= 2.56 x 10 x 200 Mev = 5.12 x 1026 MeV
24

In terms of joules, 5.12 x 1026 x 1.6 x 10-13 J = 8.192 x 1013 J

et
19. Find the ratio of the intensities of light with wavelength 500 nm and 300 nm which
undergo Rayleigh scattering. (JUNE – 2023)

i.N
𝜆1 = 500 nm = 500 x 10-9 m ; 𝜆2 = 300 nm = 300 x 10-9 m ;
1
From Rayleigh’s Scattering law, the intensity of scattered light I ∝
𝜆4

la
1 1
Hence, I1 ∝ and I2 ∝
λ41 λ42
4
I1 λ42 300 x 10−9 3 4 81
From this , ;=( −9 ) ; = ( ) ;=
sa I2
=
λ41 500 x 10 5 625
I1 : I2 = 81 : 625
20. Calculate the electric flux through the rectangle of side 5 cm and 10 cm kept in the
da
region of a uniform electric field 100 NC-1. The angle θ is 600 . If θ becomes zero, what
is the electric flux? (JUNE – 2023)
Pa

The electric flux Φ𝐸 = ⃗⃗⃗𝐸 . ⃗⃗⃗𝐴 = EA cos𝜃 = 100 x 5 x 10x10-4 x cos600


⇒ Φ𝐸 = 0.25 Nm2C-1 .
For 𝜃 = 00, Φ𝐸 = ⃗⃗⃗𝐸 . ⃗⃗⃗𝐴 = EA cos𝜃 = 100 x 5 x 10x10-4
w.

= 0.5Nm2C-1

21. A coil of a tangent galvanometer of diameter 0.24 m has 100 turns. If the horizontal
ww

component of Earth’s magnetic field is 25×10−6 T then, calculate the current which
gives a deflection of 600. (JUNE – 2023)
The diameter of the coil is 0.24 m.
Therefore, radius of the coil is 0.12 m.
Number of turns is 100 turns.
Earth’s magnetic field is 25 x 10-6 T
Deflection is θ = 600 ⟹ tan 600 = √3 = 1.732
2RBH 2 x 0.12 x 25 x 10−6
I= tanθ ; = x 1.732
μ0 N 4 x 10−7 x3.14 x100
= 0.82 x 10-1 A (or) I = 0.082 A.

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