12th Physics Numerical Problem Questions With Answer English Medium PDF Download
12th Physics Numerical Problem Questions With Answer English Medium PDF Download
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PUBLIC EXAMINATION YEAR WISE (MARCH 2019 – JUNE 2023)
(TWO MARKS NUMERICAL PROBLEMS QUESTION WITH SOLUTION)
1. The de-Broglie wavelength of a neutron of kinetic energy K is λ. When its kinetic energy.
is 4 K, what is the de-Broglie wavelength of the neutron? (MARCH – 2019)
ℎ
de Broglie wavelength 𝜆 = Here E = K
√2𝑚𝐸
ℎ
de Broglie wavelength 𝜆 = E = 4K
√2𝑚𝐾
ℎ ℎ ℎ
de Broglie wavelength 𝜆′ = ; 𝜆′ = (or) 𝜆′ =
√2𝑚4𝑘 2√2𝑚𝑘 2
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2. The number of turns in the primary of an ideal transformer is 400 and that in the
secondary 2000. If the output power from the secondary at 1000 V is kW then calculate
the voltage and current in the primary coil. (MARCH – 2019)
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ES NS 400
= ; EP = 1000 X ; EP = 200 V
𝐸P 𝑁P 2000
Ideal Transformer = EPIP = ESIS
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10000
IP = ; IP = 50A
200
3.
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An ideal transformer has 460 and 40,000 turns in the primary and secondary coils
respectively. Find the voltage developed per turn of the secondary coil if the transformer
is connected to a 230 V AC main. (MARCH – 2020)
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VP NS 230 x 40000
i) Secondary voltage, VS = = ; VS = 20000V
NP 460
VS 20000
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4. Two materials X and Y are magnetized whose intensity of magnetization are 500 Am–1
and 2000 Am–1 respectively. The magnetizing field is 1000 Am–1. What is the ratio
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⃗⃗ |
|H 1000
⃗⃗⃗ | 2000
|M
The susceptibility of material Y is 𝜒m Y = ⃗⃗ |
= =2
|H 1000
Since, susceptibility of material Y is greater than that of material X, material
Y can be easily magnetized than X. 0.5 : 4 or 1 : 4
6. Calculate the cut-off wavelength and cut-off frequency of X-rays from an X-ray tube of
accelerating potential 20,000 V. (SEPTEMBER – 2020, MAY – 2022)
12400
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The cut-off wavelength of the characteristic x-rays is λ0 = Å
V
12400
= Å ; = 0.62 Å
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20000
c 3 x 108
The corresponding frequency is v0 = ;=
λ0 0.62 x 10−10
v0 = 4.84 x 1018 Hz
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7. Potential in a given region is given as a function of distance x, V=5(𝑥 2+𝑥) Volt.
Find the electric field when 𝑥 = 1 cm. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
dv
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E= ;= (5x2 + 5x) ;
dx dx
= 10x + 5 ; x = 1 ; E = 10 +5 =15 Vcm-1
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8. If an electric field of magnitude 570 NC–1. Is applied in the copper wire, find the
experienced by the electron. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
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Speed of the electromagnetic wave in a medium is 𝑣 =
B
3 x 104
𝑣= ; 𝑣 = 1.5 x 108 ms-1
2 x 10−4
10. Find the Polarizing angle for glass of refractive index 1.5.
(SEPTEMBER – 2021, JUNE – 2023)
Brewster’s law, tan𝑖𝑃 = n
For glass, tan𝑖𝑃 = 1.5; 𝑖𝑃 = tan-1 1.5; 𝑖𝑃 = 56.30
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12. Calculate the momentum of an electron with kinetic energy 2 eV.
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(SEPTEMBER – 2021, JUNE – 2023)
Momentum of the electron is
p = √2𝑚𝐾 = √2 x9.1 x 10−31 x 2 x 1.6 x 10−19 ; √58.24 x 10−50
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p = 7.63 x 10-25 kg ms-1
13. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2 carries a current of 0.2 A. If the free
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electron density of copper is 8.4 x 1028 m–3 then compute the drift velocity of free
electrons. (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
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The relation between drift velocity of electrons and current in a wire of c ross-
I 0.2
sectional area A is Vd = ;= ‘
neA 8.4x 1028 x 1.6 x 10−19 x 0.5 x 10−6
2 x 10−3
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197
14. Calculate the radius of 79 Au nucleus. (MAY – 2022)
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1 1
(R = R0A3 ), R = 1.2 x 10-15 x (197)3
= 6.97 x 10-15m (or) R = 6.97 F
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15. The angle of minimum deviation for the equilateral prism is 400. Find the refractive
index of the material of the prism. (MAY – 2022)
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
Equation for refractive index is, n = 𝐴
𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
600 +400
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (500 ) 0.766
2
Substituting the values, n = 600
;= ;= ; = 1.532;
𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (300 ) 0.5
2
The refractive index of the material of the prism is, n = 1.532 (No Unit)
17. Calculate the equivalent resistance for the circuit which is connected to 12 V battery
and find the potential difference across 2Ω and 4Ω resistors in the circuit.
(JULY – 2022)
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Since the resistors are connected in series, the effective resistance in the circuit =
2Ω+4Ω=6Ω
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V 12
The Current 𝐼 in the circuit = = =2A
Req 6
Voltage across 4Ω resistor
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V1 = IR1 = 2A x 2 Ω = 4 V
Voltage across 6 Ω resistors
V2 = IR1 = 2A x 4 Ω = 8 V
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18. The relative magnetic permeability of the medium is 2.5 and the relative electrical
permittivity of the medium is 2.25. Compute the refractive index of the medium.
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19. The ratio of intensities of two waves in an interference pattern is 36 : 1. What is the
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(OR)
I ∝ 𝑎 (OR) Imax ∝ (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 )2 and Imin ∝ (𝑎1 − 𝑎2 )2
2
21. Determine the number of electrons flowing per second through a conductor, when a
current of 32 A flows through it? (JUNE – 2023)
I = 32 A , t = 1 s Charge of an electron, e = 1.6 × 10-19 C The number of
electrons flowing per second, n =?
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q ne 𝐼𝑡 32 x 1
I= = ;n= ;n=
t t 𝑒 1.6 x 10−19 C
n= 20 × 1019 = 2× 1020 electrons
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22. The radius of the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom is 13.25 Å . Calculate the de Broglie
wavelength of the electron orbiting in the 5th orbit. (JUNE – 2023)
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2𝜋𝑟 = 𝑛𝜆 ; 2 x3.14 x 13.25 Å = 5 x 𝜆 ; ∴ 𝜆 = 16.64 Å
2𝜋𝑟 2 X 3.14 X 13.24 X 10−10
(or) 𝜆 =
sa ;= ; = 2 X 3.14 X 2.68 X 10-10
𝑛 5
𝜆 = 16.64 X 10-10 m ; 𝜆 = 16.64 Å
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1.
The heat developed across 6 Ω resistor per second is 50 J. Calculate the heat
developed per second across 2 Ω resistor in the given electric circuit. (MARCH – 2019)
V2 t V2 x 1
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H= ;= ; = V2 = 6H ; V2 = 6 x 50 ; V2 = 300
R 6
V √300
I1 = (R ;=
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1 +R2 ) 5
300
H = I2Rt ; = x 2 x 1 ; H =24J
25
2. Half lives of two radioactive elements are 12 hrs and 16 hrs respectively. If at any
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instant, the ratio of the amounts of radioactive substance is 2 : 1 , then after 2 days,
What will be the ratio of the un-decayed portions? (MARCH – 2019)
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N1 = (N0)1 (½ )n1 --------1
N2 = (N0)2 (½ )n2 --------2
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2 x 24 2 x 24
n1 = = 4 ; n2 = = 3 --------3
12 16
2 x 24
n1 = =4 ;
12
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1
(𝑁0 )1 2 𝑁1 2 (2)4 𝑁1 1 𝑁1
= ; = ; = 2x ; = 1 N1 : N2 = 1 : 1
(𝑁0 )2 1 𝑁2 1 (1)3 𝑁2 2 𝑁2
2
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3. In Young’s double slit experiment two coherent sources of intensity ratio of 64:1,
produce interference fringes. Calculate the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities.
(MARCH – 2019)
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I1 𝑎1 2 64 𝑎1 8
= = = = a1 = 8a2
I2 𝑎2 2 1 𝑎2 1
Imax (𝑎 +𝑎2 )2 (8𝑎2 +𝑎2 )2 (9𝑎2 )2 81
= (𝑎 1 2
; = (8𝑎 )2
;=( )2
;=
Imin 1 − 𝑎2 ) 2 − 𝑎2 7𝑎2 49
Imax : I min : 81 : 49
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result. (MARCH – 2020)
Temperature of boiling point of water,
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RT = R0 (1 + 𝛼T) ; = 10[1+(0.004 x 1000]
RT = 10(1+0.4) = 10 x 1.4 ; RT = 14 Ω
As the temperature increases the resistance of the wire also increases.
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6. In the circuit shown in the figure, the input voltage Vi is 20 V, VBE = 0 V and VCE = 0 V.
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What are the values of IB , IC , β? (MARCH – 2020)
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𝑉𝑖 20 V
IB = = ;= 40𝜇A [∴ VBE = 0V]
𝑅𝐵 500 kΩ
𝑉𝐶𝐶 20 V
IC = = ; = 5mA [∴ VCE = 0V]
𝑅𝐶 4 kΩ
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IC 5 𝑚𝐴
β= = ; β = 125
IB 40𝜇A
7. Half lives of two radioactive elements A and B are 20 minutes and 40 minutes
respectively. Initially the samples have equal number of nuclei. Calculate the ratio of
decayed number of A and B nuclei after 80 minutes. (SEPTEMBER – 2020)
15
Decayed part of A atom : or 93.75 %
16
3
Decayed part of B atom : or 75 %
4
NA 5
Ratio between A and B atom = or NA = NB = 5 : 4
NB 4
NA = NB = 1.25% (or)
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80 minutes = 4 half-lives of A = 2 half live of B
Let the initial number of nuclei in each sample be N.
N
NA after 80 minutes =
24
15
Number of A nuclides decayed = N
16
N
NB after 80 minutes =
24
3
Number of B nuclides decayed = N
4
15 4 5
Required ratio = x = ; NA :NB = 5 : 4
16 3 4
80
8. An 500 μH, pF capacitor and a 628 Ω resistor are connected to form a series RLC
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π2
circuit. Calculate the resonant frequency and Q-factor of this circuit at resonance.
(SEPTEMBER – 2020)
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1 1
f= ;=
2π√LC 80
2𝜋√500 x 10−6 x x10−12
𝜋𝐿
1 10000 x 103
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= ;= ; f = 2500kHz
2√40000 x 10−10 4
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Q factor =
𝜔𝑟 𝐿 2 x 3.14 x 2500 x 103 x 500 x10−6
;
𝑅 628
Q factor = 12.5
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9. Write the output (Y) Boolean expression for the following circuit with inputs A, B and C.
(SEPTEMBER – 2020)
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10. The repulsive force between two magnetic poles in air is 9x10–3 N. If the two poles are
equal in strength and are separated by a distance of 10 cm, calculate the pole strength
of each pole. (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
𝑞𝑚𝐴 𝑞𝑚𝐵
The force between two poles are given by ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑟̂
𝑟2
𝑞𝑚𝐴 𝑞𝑚𝐵
The magnitude of the force is F = k
𝑟2
Given : F = 9 x 10-3N, r = 10 cm = 10 x 10-2 m
q2m
Therefore, 9 x 10-3 = 10-7 x (10 ⟹ qm2 = 900 ; qm = 30 NT-1
x 10−2 )2
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11. 92U235nucleus emits 2α particles, 3β particles and 2γ particles. What is the resulting
atomic number and mass number? (SEPTEMBER – 2021)
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The α- decay process symbolically written as
A A−4 4
ZX → Z−2Y + 2He .
(e.g.) 235 235−8 4 227
92U → 2𝛼 92−4 X + 2 2He ; 88 X + 2 2He
4
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In β− decay,
A A 0 227 0 227 0
ZX → Z+1Y + −1e + 𝑣̅ . (e.g.) 88+3 Y + 3 −1e ; 91 Y + 3 −1e
sa A
During gamma decay there is no change in atomic number and mass number. Z X∗ →
A
ZX +gamma rays (𝛾)
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12. Find the:
(i) Angular momentum
(ii) Velocity of the electron revolving in the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom.
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𝑛ℎ 5 x 6.6 x10−34
(i) Angular momentum is given by = 𝑛ℏ = ;=
2𝜋 2 x 3.14
= 5.25 x 10-34 kgm2s-1
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13. Find the impedance of a series RLC circuit, if the inductive reactance, capacitive
reactance and resistance are 184 Ω, 144 Ω, and 30 Ω respectively. Also calculate the
phase angle between voltage and current. (MAY – 2022)
2
(i ) The impedance is Impedance, Z = √R2+(XL−XC)
= √302+ (184 − 144)2 ; = √900 + 1600
Impedance, Z = 50 Ω
XL −XC 184−144
(ii) Phase angle is tan ϕ = ; ; = 1.33 ; ϕ = 53.10
𝑅 30
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15. Calculate the number of nuclei of carbon-14 undecayed after 22,920 years if the
initial number of carbon-14 atoms is 10,000. The half –life of carbon-14 is
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5730 years. (JULY – 2022)
𝑡 22920 yr
To get the time interval in terms of half-life, n = = =4
𝑇1/2 5730 yr
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The number of nuclei remaining un-decayed after 22,920 years,
1 𝑛 1 4
N = ( ) No ; = ( ) x 10000 ; N = 625
2
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𝑣 = 1.60 x 10 x ;
9.11 x 10−31
𝑣 = 2.195 x 108 ms-1
17. The given circuit has two ideal diodes connected as shown in figure below. Calculate
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Diode D1 is reverse biased so, it will block the current and Diode D2 is forward
biased, so it will pass the current.
Rnet = 2 + 2 = 4Ω
V 10 10
Current in the circuit is I = ;= = ; I = 2.5A
R 2+2 4
Each 235
92U nucleus releases 200 Mev of energy during the fission. The total energy
released by 1 kg of 235
92U is
Q= 2.56 x 10 x 200 Mev = 5.12 x 1026 MeV
24
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19. Find the ratio of the intensities of light with wavelength 500 nm and 300 nm which
undergo Rayleigh scattering. (JUNE – 2023)
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𝜆1 = 500 nm = 500 x 10-9 m ; 𝜆2 = 300 nm = 300 x 10-9 m ;
1
From Rayleigh’s Scattering law, the intensity of scattered light I ∝
𝜆4
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1 1
Hence, I1 ∝ and I2 ∝
λ41 λ42
4
I1 λ42 300 x 10−9 3 4 81
From this , ;=( −9 ) ; = ( ) ;=
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=
λ41 500 x 10 5 625
I1 : I2 = 81 : 625
20. Calculate the electric flux through the rectangle of side 5 cm and 10 cm kept in the
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region of a uniform electric field 100 NC-1. The angle θ is 600 . If θ becomes zero, what
is the electric flux? (JUNE – 2023)
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= 0.5Nm2C-1
21. A coil of a tangent galvanometer of diameter 0.24 m has 100 turns. If the horizontal
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component of Earth’s magnetic field is 25×10−6 T then, calculate the current which
gives a deflection of 600. (JUNE – 2023)
The diameter of the coil is 0.24 m.
Therefore, radius of the coil is 0.12 m.
Number of turns is 100 turns.
Earth’s magnetic field is 25 x 10-6 T
Deflection is θ = 600 ⟹ tan 600 = √3 = 1.732
2RBH 2 x 0.12 x 25 x 10−6
I= tanθ ; = x 1.732
μ0 N 4 x 10−7 x3.14 x100
= 0.82 x 10-1 A (or) I = 0.082 A.
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RAJENDRAN M, M.Sc., B.Ed., C.C.A.,
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P.G. TEACHER IN PHYSICS, SRMHSS,
KAVERIYAMPOONDI, TIRUVANNAMALAI – 606603.
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