Department of ECE

23EC1202
DIGITAL DESIGN & COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Session - 01

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SYSTEMS,

LOGIC GATES & NUMBER SYSTEMS
 AIM OF THE SESSION
To familiarize students with the basic concept of Logic gates & Number Systems

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
This Session is designed to:
1. Master the concepts of binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal number systems, and gain proficiency in
converting between different bases.
2. Understand the fundamental principles of logic gates, including their types, truth tables, and applications, to
design and analyze digital circuits.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. Students will demonstrate proficiency in converting numbers between different bases (binary, decimal, octal,
and hexadecimal), showcasing an understanding of the interrelationships between various number systems.
2. Students will be able to apply their knowledge of logic gates to design, construct, and analyze digital circuits,
demonstrating proficiency in implementing logical operations.
 Course Title: DIGITAL DESIGN AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Course Code: 23EC1202, L-T-P-S Structure: 3-0-2-0, Credits: 4
SYLLABUS
CO 1: Combinational Digital Logic Circuits
Boolean Algebra, Digital Logic SOP/POS representation and optimization techniques. Adders, Subtractors, Multiplexers, De-
Multiplexers, Decoder, Encoder, Concept of Reversible Gates. Programmable Logic Devices: PROM, PAL, and PLA design.
Implementation of CPLD (Macro cells) and FPGA (CLB/LUT) based digital logic modules and their applications.

CO-2: Design of Sequential and Memory Circuits

Latches and Flip-Flops, Modeling of memory, Registers and Shift registers, Timing and sequence control modules using
Asynchronous/Synchronous counters, Ring and Johnson counter as timing and control units. Random Access Memory (RAM)
and Memory decoding.

CO-3: Basic Computer Architecture and Instructions

Features of Micro Computer, Operands, Addressing modes, Instruction formats, Machine cycle, Instruction sets, subroutine call
and return mechanisms. Instruction set architectures - CISC and RISC architectures. Hardwired realization vs micro-
programmed realization, multi-cycle implementation, Instruction level parallelism, instruction pipelining and pipeline hazards.

CO-4: Memory Architecture and I/O Organization Storage systems, introduction to memory hierarchy
Importance of temporal and spatial locality; main memory organization, cache memory: address mapping, block size, replacement,
and store policies. Virtual Memory System: page table and TLB. External storage; IO fundamentals: handshaking, buffering,
programmed IO, interrupt driven IO.
Course Title: DIGITAL DESIGN AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Course Code: 23EC1202, L-T-P-S Structure: 3-0-2-0, Credits: 4
 Evaluation Type Evaluation Component Weightage/Marks Assessment Dates Duration CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
(Tentative) (Minutes)
End Semester End Semester Exam Weightage 24 07.05.2024 180 6 6 6 6
Summative Evaluation
Max Marks 100 25 25 25 25
Total= 40 %
Lab End Semester Exam Weightage 16 07.05.2024 120 16
SESSION INTRODUCTION
Max Marks 50 50
In Semester Summative Semester in Exam-I Weightage 15 11.03.2024,12.03.2024,13.0 90 7.5 7.5
Evaluation Total= 38 % 3.2024
Max Marks 50 25 25

Semester in Exam-II Weightage 15 29.04.2024,30.04.2024,01.0 90 7.5 7.5

5.2024
Max Marks 50 25 25

Lab In Semester Exam Weightage 8 01.04.2024 100 8

Max Marks 50 50

In Semester Formative ALM Weightage 8 22.01.2024, 01.05.2024 50 2 2 2 2

Evaluation Total= 22 %
Max Marks 20 5 5 5 5

Lab Weekly exercise Weightage 7 22.01.2024, 01.05.2024 100 7

75
Max Marks 75
Home Assignment and Weightage 7 22.01.2024, 01.05.2024 50 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Textbook

Max Marks 28 7 7 7 7
 ANALOG Vs DIGTIAL

Analog

Digital
 ANALOG Vs DIGTIAL

Analog
• The physical quantities or signals may vary continuously over a specified
range.
• Represented by sinusoidal waves (Sin and Cos).

Digital
• The physical quantities or signals can assume only discrete values.
• Represented by square waves (High and Low).
IMPORTANCE OF ANALOG TO DIGTIAL CONVERSION
IMPORTANCE OF DIGTIAL TO ANALOG CONVERSION
 TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS
- Base: 2
Binary - Digits: 0 and 1

- Base: 8
Octal - Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
Number
Systems - Base: 10
Decimal - Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9

Hexa - Base: 16
Decimal - Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F

Importance of number system in digital system: The modern number system is the basis for digital
technology and computing systems. Binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems, which are widely
used in computer science and digital electronics, are derived from the decimal system.
 NUMBER CONVERSION

Any number system to Decimal: The method used for this is called Successive Multiplication Method.

• Consider a number ‘N’ with base or radix ‘r’

• Its equivalent decimal value ‘V’ is

 NUMBER CONVERSION
Decimal to Any number system : The method used for this is called Successive Division Method.

• Consider a decimal number ‘N’ with base or radix ‘10’.

• To convert ‘N’ into a number system with base or radix ‘r’, divide
the number ‘N’ with ‘r’ and note down reminder.
• Next divide the quotient of previous division with ‘r’ and and note
down reminder.
• Continue this division process till the quotient is ‘0’.
• Write all the reminders in reverse order which is the resultant
number with base or radix ‘r’
 DIGITAL DATA REPRESENTATION
Decimal Digit 1-bit 2-bit 3-bit 4-bit Octal Hexa Decimal
00 0 00 000 0000 00 0
01 1 01 001 0001 01 1
02 10 010 0010 02 2
03 11 011 0011 03 3
04 100 0100 04 4
05 101 0101 05 5
06 110 0110 06 6
07 111 0111 07 7
08 1000 10 8
09 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
 LOGIC GATES
AND Gate OR Gate NOT Gate

NAND Gate NOR Gate XOR Gate

APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS
 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain the basic operations of the AND, OR, and NOT gates in Boolean algebra.

2. How to convert a decimal number to binary number?

3. List the number system representations for decimal numbers 0 to15

 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION
Reference Books:
1. M. Morris Mano and Michael D. Ciletti, “Digital Design 6e”, Pearson.
2. Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog HDL”, 3rd
edition, Mc Graw Hill.
3. M. Moris Mano (2006), Computer System Architecture, Revised 3rd edition, Pearson/PHI,
India.
4. DA Patterson and JL Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, Morgan Kaufmann
Publisher, 4e, 2010.
 THANK YOU

Team – Digital Design & Computer Architecture