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16_Lambda Functions

The document provides an overview of Lambda Functions in Python, explaining their syntax and usage for creating small, anonymous functions. It also covers the built-in functions map(), filter(), and reduce(), demonstrating how to apply these functions with both regular and lambda functions for various operations on iterables. Examples include adding numbers, filtering even numbers, and reducing lists to cumulative results.

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Arif Ahmad
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

16_Lambda Functions

The document provides an overview of Lambda Functions in Python, explaining their syntax and usage for creating small, anonymous functions. It also covers the built-in functions map(), filter(), and reduce(), demonstrating how to apply these functions with both regular and lambda functions for various operations on iterables. Examples include adding numbers, filtering even numbers, and reducing lists to cumulative results.

Uploaded by

Arif Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lambda Functions

Learning objective
• What is Lambda Function
• Map function
• Filter function
• Reduce function
What is Lambda Function
• Small, anonymous function defined using the lambda keyword.

• Used for creating small, one-time-use functions without the need


to formally define a function using the def keyword.

• They are often used for short operations that don't require a full
function definition.

• Lambda forms can take any number of arguments but return just
one value in the form of an expression.
Simplest form of Lambda Functions
Syntax:
lambda arguments: expression
---------------------------------------
addition = lambda a, b: a + b
print(addition(40,50))

cube = lambda n1 : n1 * n1 * n1
print(cube(10))
Example of Regular and Lambda Function
Program to add 2 numbers using Program to add 2 numbers using
Function lambda Function

def sum(n1,n2): sum = lambda n1,n2: (n1+n2)


s=n1+n2
return s x=int(input("Enter the number:"))
y=int(input("Enter the number:"))
x=int(input("Enter the number: ")) print(sum(x,y))
y=int(input("Enter the number: "))
print(sum(x,y))
Example of Regular and Lambda Function
# Regular function
def square(x):
return x ** 2

# Equivalent lambda function


lambda_square = lambda x: x ** 2

print(f"Reqular function result: {square(5)} ")


print(f"Lambda function result: {lambda_square(5)}")
Lambda Function with multiple arguments
#Lambda Function with Multiple Arguments
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(3, 4)) # Output: 7

#Lambda function with a condition to check if a number is even or odd


is_even = lambda x: "Even Number" if x % 2 == 0 else "Odd Number”

# Testing the lambda function


print(is_even(4))
print(is_even(7))
map() Function
• Built-in function that allows you to apply a specified function to all
the items in an input list (or any iterable) and return an iterator that
produces the results.

• The basic syntax of the map() function is as follows:


map(function, iterable, ...)

• function: A function to apply to each item in the iterable.


• iterable: An iterable (e.g., a list, tuple, or other iterable).
Squaring each element in a list using regular
function

def square(x):
return x ** 2

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

squared_numbers = map(square, numbers)

print(list(squared_numbers))
Squaring each element in a list using lambda
function

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

squared_numbers_lambda = map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers)

print(list(squared_numbers_lambda))
Example: Converting strings to uppercase
words = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

uppercase_words = map(str.upper, words)

print(list(uppercase_words))
Example: Adding corresponding elements of 2
lists
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
list2 = [5, 6, 7, 8]

sum_of_lists = map(lambda x, y: x + y, list1, list2)

print(list(sum_of_lists))
filter() Function
• Built-in function that allows you to construct an iterator from
elements of an iterable for which a function returns True.
• Used to apply a function to each element of an iterable (like a list
or tuple) and return another iterable containing just the elements
for which the function brings True back.

filter(function, iterable)
• A function that tests whether each element of an iterable returns
True or False.
• iterable: An iterable (e.g., a list, tuple, etc.).
Filtering even numbers from a list
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

def is_even(x):
return x % 2 == 0

even_numbers = filter(is_even, numbers)

print(list(even_numbers))
Using lambda with filter
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

even_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers))

print(even_numbers)
Filtering words with length greater than 4
words = ["apple", "banana", "kiwi", "pear", "orange"]

def is_long(word):
return len(word) > 4

long_words = filter(is_long, words)

print(list(long_words))
Filter out negative numbers from a list
numbers = [ 1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6 ]

result = list(filter(lambda x: x >= 0, numbers))

print(result)
reduce() function
• Built-in function that is part of the functools module.
• It is used to apply a binary function (a function taking two
arguments) cumulatively to the items of an iterable, from left to
right, so as to reduce the iterable to a single cumulative result.
• The basic syntax of the reduce() function is as follows:

functools.reduce(function, iterable)
function: A binary function that takes two arguments.
iterable: An iterable (e.g., a list, tuple, or other iterable).
Summing up elements in a list
from functools import reduce

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sum_result = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, numbers)

print(sum_result)
Calculating the product elements in a list
from functools import reduce

numbers = [2, 3, 4, 5]

product_result = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers)

print(product_result)
Concatenating strings in a list
from functools import reduce

words = ["Hello", " ", "World", "!"]

concatenated_result = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, words)

print(concatenated_result)
Finding the maximum element in a list
from functools import reduce

numbers = [4, 2, 8, 6, 7]

max_result = reduce(lambda x, y: x if x > y else y, numbers)

print(max_result)
reduce() function
• In each example, the reduce() function applies the specified
binary function (lambda x, y: ...) to the elements of the iterable,
accumulating a single result.

• The initializer is optional and not used in these examples.

• The reduce() function is especially useful when you need to


perform cumulative operations on the elements of a sequence.
Try to do it yourself:
• Create a list product numbers [10, 50, 55, 40, 9, 7, 55, 10, 40, 44]

• Add the quantity of 10 to numbers using map() with lambda


function

• Filter the even quantities using filter() with lambda function

• Sum list of numbers using reduce() with lambda function to


accumulate values
Expected output:
Original Product quantity list: [10, 50, 55, 40, 9, 7, 55, 10, 40, 44]

[20, 60, 65, 50, 19, 17, 65, 20, 50, 54]

[10, 50, 40, 10, 40, 44]

The total product quantity is: 320


# create a list of numbers from 1 to 20
my_product_list = [10, 50, 55, 40, 9, 7, 55, 10, 40, 44]
print(f"Original Product quantity list: {my_product_list}")

# Add the quantity of 10 to numbers using map() with lambda function


sq_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x + 10, my_product_list))
print(sq_numbers)

# Filter the even quantities using filter() with lambda function


even_nos = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, my_product_list))
print(even_nos)

# sum my_product_list using reduce() with lambda function to accumulate values


from functools import reduce
totalprod = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, my_product_list)
print(f"The total product quantity is: {totalprod}")
You must have learnt:
• What is Lambda Function
• Map function
• Filter function
• Reduce function

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