MOLE CONCEPT

Contents
Topic Page No.

Theory 01 - 05

Exercise - 1 06 - 10

Exercise - 2 11 - 13

Exercise - 3 13 - 20

Exercise - 4 20 - 21

Exercise - 5 21 - 22

ANSWER KEY 23 - 24

Syllabus
JEE-ADV 2023

Name : ____________________________ Contact No. __________________

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 MOLE CONCEPT
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES :
(A) Every scientific observation involves some degree of uncertainity depending upon the limitation of
instrument. To represent scientific data, role of significant figures has its own importance.

(B) Significant figures are equal to the number of digits in numbers with last digit uncertain and rest all
are certain digits i.e. all the digits of datum including the uncertain one , are called significant figures.

(C) Rules for determination significant figure:

(i) All non zero digits are significant.

Example : 3.14 has three significant figures

(ii) The zeros to the right of the decimal point are significant.
Example : 3.0 has two significant figures.

(iii) The zeros to the left of the first non zero digit in a number are not significant.
Example : 0.02 has one significant figure.

(iv) The zeros between two non zero digits are also significant.
Example : 6.01 has three significant figures.

(v) Exponential form : N × 10n. Where N show the significant figure.

Example : 1.86 × 104 has three significant figure.

(vi) Rounding off the uncertain digit :

(a) If the left most digit to be rounded off is more than 5 , the preceding number is increased by one.
Example : 2.16 is rounded to 2.2

(b) If the left most digit to be rounded off is less than 5 , the preceding number is retained.
Example : 2.14 is rounded off to 2.1

(c) If the left most digit to be rounded off is equal to 5 , the preceding number is not changed if it is even
and increased by one if it is odd.
Example : 3.25 is rounded off to 3.2 2.35 is round off to 2.4

LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION :

Law of definite proportion [Proust, 1799]

(a) According to the law , the composition of a compound always remains a constant i.e. the ratio of
weights of different elements in a compound ; no matter by whatever method , it is prepared or
obtained from different sources, remains always a constant
Example : In H2O ratio of weight = 1 : 8
In CO2 ratio of weight = 3 : 8
Law of multiple proportion [John Dalton, 1804]
According to this law, when two elements A and B combine to form more than one chemical compound
then different weights of A , which combine with a fixed weight of B , are in a proportion of simple whole
number

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 Example : CO & CO 2
12 : 16 & 12 : 32
ratio = 16 : 32
= 1 : 2
Law of reciprocal proportions [Ritche, 1792-94]
When two elements combines separately with third element and form different types of molecules, their
combining ratio is directly reciprocated if they combine directly
Example :

C with H form methane and with O form CO2. In CH4 , 12 grams of C reacts with 4 grams of H whereas
in CO2 12 gram of C reacts with 32 grams of O. Therefore when H combines with O they should combine
in the ratio of 4 : 32 (i.e. = 1 : 8) or in simple multiple of it. The same is found to be true in H2O molecule.
The ratio of weights of H and O in Water is 1 : 8

Gay-Lussac’s [1808] law of combining volumes :

This law states that under similar conditions of pressure and temperature, volume ratio of gases is always
in terms of simple integers.

Ex.

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

vol. ratio 1 : 3 : 2

AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS :

Molecular weight
or Vapour density =
2
On hydrogen scale :

Mass of one atom of an element

Relative atomic mass (R.A.M) =
mass of one hydrogen atom

Mass of one atom of an element

Relative atomic mass (R.A.M) =
1
 mass of one C  12 atom
12

Atomic mass unit (or amu) :

th
 1
The atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to   mass of one atom of carbon-12 isotope.
 12 

1
 1 amu = × mass of one C-12 atom
12
~ mass of one nucleon in C-12 atom.
= 1.66 × 10–24 gm or 1.66 × 10–27 kg

 Atomic mass = R.A.M × 1 amu

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Y-map : Interconversion of mole - volume, mass and number of particles :

Number lt Volume at STP

×N
2.4
 A
×2 lt
N 2.4
A
2
Mole

 mol. wt. × mol. wt.

 At. wt. × At. wt.

Mass

Relative density or Vapour density :

Vapour density is defined as the density of the gas with respect to hydrogen gas at the same temperature
and pressure.
dgas
Vapour density = d
H2

Mgas Mgas
V.D. = M =
H2 2

Mgas = 2 V.D.
Relative density can be calculated w.r.t. to other gases also.

 Mole-mole analysis :
This analysis is very much important for quantitative analysis point of view. Students are advised to
clearly understand this analysis.
Now consider again the decomposition of KClO3 .
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
In very first step of mole-mole analysis you should read the balanced chemical equation like
2 moles KClO3 on decomposition gives you 2 moles KCl and 3 moles O 2. and from the
stoichiometry of reaction we can write

Moles of KClO 3 Moles of KCl Moles of O 2

= =
2 2 3
Now for any general balance chemical equation like
a A + b B  c C + d D
you can write.

Moles of A reacted moles of B reacted moles of C produced moles of D produced

= = =
a b c d

Molarity (M) :
The number of moles of a solute dissolved in 1 L (1000 ml) of the solution is known as the molarity of the
solution.

number of moles of solute

i.e., Molarity of solution =
volume of solution in litre

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Molality (m) :
The number of moles of solute dissolved in1000 gm (1 kg) of a solvent is known as the molality of
the solution.
number of moles of solute
i.e., molality =  1000
mass of solvent in gram

Mole fraction (x) :

The ratio of number of moles of the solute or solvent present in the solution and the total number
of moles present in the solution is known as the mole fraction of substances concerned.

% calculation :
The concentration of a solution may also expressed in terms of percentage in the following way.
 % weight by weight (w/w) : It is given as mass of solute present in per 100 gm of solution.
mass of solute in gm
i.e. % w/w = mass of solution in gm  100

 % weight by volume (w/v) : It is given as mass of solute present in per 100 ml of solution.
mass of solute in gm
i.e., % w/v =  100
volume of solution in ml

 % volume by volume (v/v) : It is given as volume of solute present in per 100 ml solution.
volume of solute in ml
i.e., % v/v = volume of solution in ml × 100

mass of solute in gm 6
PPM (parts per million) = mass of solution in gm  10

Miscellaneous :
AVERAGE/ MEAN ATOMIC MASS :

The weighted average of the isotopic masses of the element’s naturally occuring isotopes.
a1x 1  a 2 x 2  .....  an x n
Mathematically, average atomic mass of X (Ax) =
100
Where :
a1, a2, a3 ........... atomic mass of isotopes.
and x1, x2, x3 ........... mole % of isotopes.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

H2O2 can behave both like oxidising and reducing agent in both the mediums (acidic and basic).

Volume strength of H2O2 : Strength of H2O2 is represented as 10V , 20 V , 30 V etc.

20V H2O2 means one litre of this sample of H2O2 on decomposition gives 20L of O2 gas at STP.

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 Volume strength of H 2 O 2
 Molarity of H2O2 (M) =
11.2
Strength (in g/L) : Denoted by S
Strength = Molarity × Mol. wt = Molarity × 34

KEY CONCEPTS
EUDIOMETRY :
Eudiometry or gas analysis involves the calculations based on gaseous reactions or the reactions in which
at least two components are gaseous, in which the amounts of gases are represented by their volumes,
measured at the same pressure and temperature. Some basic assumptions related with calculations are:
1. Gay-Lussac's law of volume combination holds good. According to this law, the volumes of gaseous reactants
reacted and the volumes of gaseous products formed, all measured at the same temperature and pressure,
bear a simple ratio.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g)
1 vol. 3 vol. 2 vol.
Problem may be solved directly is terms of volume, in place of mole.

2. The volumes of solids or liquids is considered to be negligible in comparison to the volume of gas. It is due
to the fact that the volume occupied by any substance in gaseous state is even more than thousand times
the volume occupied by the same substance in solid or liquid states.
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (l)
2 mole 1 mole 2 mole
2 vol. 1 vol. 0 vol.

3. Air is considered as a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases only. It is due to the fact that about 99%
volume of air is composed of oxygen and nitrogen gases only.

4. Nitrogen gas is considered as an non- reactive gas. It is due to the fact that nitrogen gas reacts only at very
high temperature due to its very high thermal stability. Eudiometry is performed in an eudiometer tube and
the tube can not withstand very high temperature. This is why, nitrogen gas can not participate in the
reactions occurring in the eudiometer tube.

5. The stoichiometric coefficient of a balanced chemical reactions also gives the ratio of volumes in which
gaseous reactants are reacting and products are formed at same temperature and pressure.The volume
of gases produced is often given by mentioning certain solvent which absorb contain gases.

Solvent gas (es) absorb

KOH CO2, SO2, Cl2
Ammonical Cu2Cl2 CO
Turpentine oil O3
Alkaline pyrogallol O2
water NH3, HCl
CuSO4 /CaCl2 H2O

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 ATOMIC MASS & MOLECULAR MASS
1. A plant virus is found to consist of uniform cylindrical particles of 150 Å in diameter and 5000 Å long. The
specific volume of the virus is 0.75 cm 3/g. If the virus is considered to be a single particle, find its molecular
weight [V = r2l ]

2. A glass vessel weighs 50 gm when empty, 148.0 g when completely filled with liquid of density 0.98 gml–1
and 50.5 g when filled with an ideal gas at 760 mm at 760 mm at 300 K. Determine the molecular weight of
the gas.

3. The average mass of one gold atom in a sample of naturally occuring gold is 3.257 × 10 –22g. Use this to
calculate the molar mass of gold in integer value.

4. The atomic weight of A and B are 20 and 40. If x gm of A contains Y atoms, how many atoms are present
in 2 × g of B.

5. Calculate the number of atoms of oxygen present in 88 g CO2. What would be the weight of CO having the
same number of oxygen atoms ?

CALCULATION AND APPLICATION OF MOLE CONCEPT

6. Nitric acid is manufactured by the Ostwald process, in which nitrogen dioxide reacts with water.
3 NO2 (g) + H2O (l)  2 HNO3 (aq) + NO (g)
How many grams of nitrogen dioxide are required in this reaction to produce 25.2 gm HNO 3 ?

7. 105 mL water at 4°C is saturated with NH3 gas, producing a solution of d = 0.9 g/ml. If the solution contains
30% NH3 by weight. Calculate its volume.

8. Calculate
(a) Number of nitrogen atoms is 160 amu of NH4NO3.
(b) Number of gram-atoms of S in 490 kg H2SO4.

9. How many gm of HCl is needed for complete reaction with 69.6 gm MnO 2 ?
HCl + MnO2  MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2

10. Flourine reacts with uranium to produce uranium hexafluoride, UF6, as represented by this equation
U(s) + 3F2(g)  UF6(g)
How many fluorine molecules are required to produce 2.0 mg of uranium hexafluoride, UF 6, from an
excess of uranium ? The molar mass of UF6 is 352 gm/mol.

11. A power company burns approximately 474 tons of coal per day to produce electricity. If the sulphur content
of the coal is 1.30 % by weight, how many tons SO 2 are dumped into the atmosphere each day?

12. A chemical compound “dioxin” has been very much in the news in the past few years. (It is the by-product
of herbicide manufacture and is thought to be quite toxic.) Its formula is C12H4Cl4O2. If you have a sample
of dirt (28.3 g) that contains 8.78 × 10–8 moles of dioxin, calculate the percentage of dioxin in the dirt
sample ?

EMPIRICAL & MOLECULAR FORMULA

13. A 5.5 gm sample of an organic compound gave on quantitative analysis 1.4 gm of N and 3.6 gm of C and
0.5 gm of H. If molecular mass of the compound is 55 then calculate E.F and M.F.

14. Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs known to be dangerous environmental pollutants, are a group of compounds
with the general emprical formula C12HmCl10–m, where m is an integer. What is the value of m, and hence
the emprical formula of the PCB that contains 58.9 % chlorine by mass ?

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15. Given the following emprical formulae and molecular weights, compute the true molecular formulae :
Emprical Formula Molecular weight
(a) CH2 84
(b) CH2O 150
(c) HO 34
(d) HgCl 472
(e) HF 80

16. What is the emprical formula of a compound 0.2801 gm of which gave on complete combustion 0.9482 gm
of carbon dioxide and 0.1939 gm of water ?

LIMITING REACTANT
17. Carbon reacts with chlorine to form CCl4. 36 gm of carbon was mixed with 142 g of Cl2. Calculate mass of
CCl4 produced and the remaining mass of reactant.

18. A chemist wants to prepare diborane by the reaction

6 LiH + 8BF3  6Li BF4 + B2H6
If he starts with 2.0 moles each of LiH & BF3. How many moles of B2H6 can be prepared.

19. Titanium, which is used to make air plane engines and frames, can be obtained from titanium tetrachloride,
which in turn is obtained from titanium oxide by the following process :
3 TiO2(s) + 4C (s) + 6Cl2 (g)  3TiCl4(g) + 2CO2(g) + 2CO (g)
A vessel contains 4.32 g TiO2, 5.76 g C and; 6.82 g Cl2, suppose the reaction goes to completion as written,
how many gram of TiCl4 can be produced ? (Ti = 48)

20. Sulphuric acid is produced when sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen and water in the presence of a catalyst:
2SO2(g) + O2 (g) + 2 H2O(l) 2 H2SO4 . If 5.6 mol of SO2 reacts with 4.8 mol of O2 and a large excess of
water, what is the maximum number of moles of H2SO4 that can be obtained ?

21. Potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen :
KO2(s) + H2O(l)  KOH (s) + O2 (g)
If a reaction vessel contains 0.158 mol KO2 and 0.10 mol H2O, how many moles of O2 can be produced?

PERCENTAGE YIELD AND PERCENTAGE PURITY

22. What size sample which contains 12.0% chlorine (Cl) should be taken for analysis if the chemist wishes to
obtain a precipitate of AgCl which weighs 0.50 gm ?

23. A sample of calcium carbonate contains impurities which do not react with a mineral acid. When 2 grams
of the sample were reacted with th mineral acid, 375 ml of carbon dioxide were obtained at 27°C and 760
mm pressure. Calculate the % purity of the sample of CaCO3 ?

24. One gram of an alloy of aluminium and magnesium when heated with excess of dil. HCl forms magnesium
chloride, aluminium chloride and hydrogen. The evolved hydrogen collected at 0°C has a volume of 1.12
litres at 1 atm pressure. Calculate the composition of the alloy.

25. Calculate the percent loss in weight after complete decomposition of a pure sample of potassium chlorate.
KClO3(s)  KCl(s) + O2(g)

25. How many grams of 90% pure Na2SO4 can be produced from 250 gm of 95% pure NaCl ?

27. A 0.6025 gm sample of a chloride salt was dissolved in water and the chloride precipitated by adding
excess silver nitrate. The precipitate of silver chloride was filtered, washed, dried and found to weigh
0.7134 gm. Calculate the percentage of chloride (Cl) in the sample.

28. A sample of mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl weighing 4.22 gm was treated to precipitate all the Ca as CaCO 3
which was then heated and quantitatively converted to 0.959 gm of CaO. Calculate the percentage of
CaCl2 in the mixture.

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29. When 4 gm of a mixture of NaHCO3 and NaCl is heated, 0.66 gm CO2 gas is evolved. Determine the
percentage composition of the original mixture.

30. A sample containing only CaCO3 and MgCO3 is ignited to CaO and MgO. The mixture of oxides produced
weight exactly half as much as the original sample. Calculate the percentages of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in the
sample.

31. A sample of calcium carbonate is 80% pure, 25 gm of this sample is treated with excess of HCl.How much
volume of CO2 will be obtained at 1 atm & 273 K?

32. Cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene on heating with conc. H2SO4. If the yield of this reaction is
75%, how much cyclohexene will be obtained from 100 g of cyclohexanol ?

C6H12O con
. H 2SO 4
 C6H10

33. Determine the percentage composition of a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
from the following data:
wt. of the mixture taken = 2g
Loss in weight on heating = 0.11 gm.

34. A 10 g sample of a mixture of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is treated with Na2CO3 to precipitate
calcium as calcium carbonate. This CaCO3 is heated to convert all the calcium to CaO and the final mass
of CaO is 1.12gm. Calculate % by mass of NaCl in the original mixture.

35. By the reaction of carbon and oxygen, a mixture of CO and CO 2 is obtained. What is the composition by
mass of the mixture obtained when 20 grams of O2 reacts with 12 grams of carbon ?

36. A mixture of Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and Al is used as a solid rocket fuel which reacts to give Al2O3 and Fe. No
other reactants and products are involved. On complete reaction of 1 mole of Fe2O3, 200 units of energy is
released.
(i) Write a balance reaction representing the above change.
(ii) What should be the ratio of masses of Fe2O3 and Al taken so that maximum energy per
unit mass of fuel is released.
(iii) What would be energy released if 16 kg of Fe2O3 reacts with 2.7 kg of Al.

SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS
37. Potassium superoxide, KO2, is utilised in closed system breathing apparatus. Exhaled air contains CO 2
and H2O, both of which are removed and the removal of water generates oxygen for breathing by the
reaction
4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l)  3O2(g) + 4KOH(s)
The potassium hydroxide removes CO2 from the apparatus by the reaction :
KOH (s) + CO2 (g)  KHCO3(s)
(a) What mass of KO2 generates 20 gm of oxygen ?
(b) What mass of CO2 can be removed from the apparatus by 100 gm of KO2 ?

38. Sodium chlorate, NaClO3, can be prepared by the following series of reactions:
2KMnO4 + 16 HCl  2 KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5 Cl2
6Cl2 +6 Ca(OH)2  Ca(ClO3)2 + 5 CaCl2 + 6H2O
Ca(ClO3)2 + Na2SO4  CaSO4 + 2 NaClO3
What mass of NaClO3 can be prepared from 100 ml of concentrated HCl (density 1.18 gm/ml and 36% by
mass)? Assume all other substances are present in excess amounts.

39. 2PbS + 3O2  2PbO + 2SO2 ; 3SO2 + 2HNO3 + 2H2O  3H2SO4 + 2NO
According to the above sequence of reactions, how much H2SO4 will 1146 gm of PbS produce?

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40. Sulphur trioxide may be prepared by the following two reactions :
S8 + 8O2(g)  8SO2(g)
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
How many grams of SO3 will be produced from 1 mol of S8?

41. The chief ore of Zn is the sulphide, ZnS. The ore is concentrated by froth floatation process and then
heated in air to convert ZnS to ZnO.

2ZnS + 3O2 75

%
 2ZnO + 2SO2

ZnO + H2SO4 100

 %
 ZnSO4 + H2O

2ZnSO4 + 2H2O 80

%
 2Zn + 2H2SO4 + O2
(a) What mass of Zn will be obtained from a sample of ore containing 291 kg of ZnS.
(b) Calculate the volume of O2 produced at 1 atm & 273 K in part (a).

CONCENTRATION TERMS AND APPLICATION

42. Calculate the molarity of the following solutions :

(a) 4g of caustic soda is dissolved in 200 mL of the solution.
(b) 5.3 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate is dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
(c) 0.365 g of pure HCl gas is dissolved in 50 mL of solution.

43. Density of a solution containing 13% by mass of sulphuric acid is 1.09 g/mL. Then molarity of solution will
be

44. The density of a solution containing 40% by mass of HCl is 1.2 g/mL. Calculate the molarity of the solution.

45. Find out the volume of 98% w/w H2SO4 (density = 1.8 gm/ ml), must be diluted to prepare 12.5 litres of 2.5
M sulphuric acid solution.

46. Determine the volume of diluted nitric acid (d = 1.11 g mL–1, 19% w/v HNO3) that can be prepared by
diluting 50 mL of conc. HNO3 with water (d =1.42 g mL–1, 69.8% w /v).

47. (a) Find molarity of Ca2+ and NO3– is 2 M Ca(NO3)2 aqueous solution of density 1.328 g/mL.
(b) Also find mole fraction of water in solution.

48. 15 g of methyl alcohol is present in 100 mL of solution. If density of solution is 0.90 g mL –1. Calculate the
mass percentage of methyl alcohol in solution

49. Units of parts per million (ppm) or per billion (ppb) are often used to describe the concentrations of solutes
in very dilute solutions. The units are defined as the number of grams of solute per million or per billion
grams of solvent. Bay of Bengal has 1.9 ppm of lithium ions. What is the molality of Li+ in this water ?

50. A 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH. What is density of solution in gm/ml.

51. A solution of specific gravity 1.6 is 67% by weight. What will be % by weight of the solution of same acid if
it is diluted to specific gravity 1.2 ?

52. Calculate molality (m) of each ion present in the aqueous solution of 2M NH4Cl assuming 100% dissociation
according to reaction.

NH4Cl (aq)  NH 4 (aq) + Cl– (aq)

Given : Density of solution = 3.107 gm / ml.

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53. When V ml of 2.2 M H2SO4 solution is mixed with 10 V ml of water, the volume contraction of 2% take
place. Calculate the molarity of diluted solution ?

54. What volume of 0.8 M AlCl3 solution should be mixed with 50 ml of 0.2M CaCl2 solution to get solution of
chloride ion concentration equal to 0.6 M ?

55. 500 ml of 2 M NaCl solution was mixed with 200 ml of 2 M NaCl solution. Calculate the final volume and
molarity of NaCl in final solution if final solution has density 1.5 gm/ml.

56. What volume of 0.20 M H2SO4 is required to produece 34.0 g of H2S by the reaction,
8Kl + 5H2SO4  4K2SO4 + 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O ?

57. For ‘44.8 V’ H2O2 solution having d = 1.136 gm/ml calculate

(i) Molarity of H2O2 solution.
(ii) Mole fraction of H2O2 solution.

58. 500 ml of a H2O2 solution on complete decomposition produces 2 moles of H2O. Calculate the volume
strength of H2O2 solution? [Given : Volume of O2 is measured at 1atm and 273 K]

59. When 250 ml of 4M H2O2 is mixed with 750 ml of 2M H2O2 and form a solution. Calculate volume strength
of resultant H2O2 solution ?

EUDIOMETRY

60. When 100 ml of a O2 – O3 mixture was passed through turpentine, there was reduction of volume by 20 ml.
If 100 ml of such a mixture is heated, what will be the increase in volume?

61. 10 ml of CO is mixed with 25 ml air having 20% O 2 by volume. What would be the final volume if none of
CO and O2 is left after the reaction?

62. When a certain quantity of oxygen was ozonised in a suitable apparatus, the volume decreased by 4 ml.
On addition of turpentine the volume further decreased by 8 ml. All volumes were measured at the same
temperature and pressure. From these data, establish the formula of ozone.

63. 20 ml of a mixture of C2H2 and CO was exploded with 30 ml of oxygen. The gases after the reaction had a
volume of 34 ml. On treatment with KOH, 8 ml of oxygen remained. Calculate the composition of the
mixture.

64. 10 ml of a mixture of CH4, C2H4 and CO2 were exploded with excess of air. After explosion, there was
contraction on cooling of 17 ml and after treatment with KOH, there was further reduction of 14 ml. What is
the composition of the mixture?

65. Calculate the volume of CO2 evolved by the combustion of 50 ml of a mixture containing 40% C 2H4 and
60% CH4 (by volume)

66. 10 ml of a mixture of CO, CH4 and N2 exploded with excess of oxygen gave a contraction of 6.5 ml. There
was a further contraction of 7 ml, when the residual gas treated with KOH. Volume of CO, CH 4 and N2
respectively is

67. 60 ml of a mixture of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide was exploded with excess of hydrogen. If 38 ml of N 2
was formed, calculate the volume of each gas in the mixture.

68. 40 ml of a mixture of C2H2 and CO is mixed with 100 ml of O2 gas and the mixture is exploded. The residual
gases occupied 104 ml and when these are passed through KOH solution, the volume becomes 48 ml. All
the volume are at same the temperature and pressure. Determine the composition of original mixture.

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1. Nitrogen (N), phosporus (P), and potassium (K) are the main nutrients in plant fertilizers. According to an
industry convention, the numbers on the label refer to the mass % of N, P2O5, and K2O, in that order.
Calculate the N : P : K ratio of a 30 : 10 : 10 fertilizer in terms of moles of each elements, and express it as
x : y : 1.0.

2. In a determination of P an aqueous solution of NaH2PO4 is treated with a mixture of ammonium and

magnesium ions to precipitate magnesium ammonium phosphate Mg(NH4)PO4. 6H2O. This is heated and
decomposed to magnesium pyrophosphate, Mg2P2O7 which is weighed. A solution of NaH2PO4 yielded
1.054 g of Mg2P2O7. What weight of NaH2PO4 was present originally?

3. P4S3 + 8O2  P4O10 + 3SO2

Calculate minimum mass of P4S3 is required to produce 1 gm of each product.

4. Equal weights of mercury and iodine are allowed to react completely to form a mixture of mercurous and
mercuric iodide leaving none of the reactants. Calculate the ratio by weight of Hg2I2 and HgI2 formed (Hg =
200 , I = 127)

5. One litre of milk weighs 1.035 kg. The butter fat is 10% (v/v) of milk has density of 875 kg/m 3. The density
of fat free skimed milk is?

6. How much minimum volume of 0.1 M aluminium sulphate solution should be added to excess calcium
nitrate to obtain atleast 1 gm of each salt in the reaction.
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(NO3)2  2Al(NO3)3 + 3CaSO4

7. A 0.75 gm sample containing both NaCl and NaBr is titrated with 0.1043 M AgNO 3, using 42.23 ml. A
second sample of the same weight is treated with excess silver nitrate and the mixture of AgCl and AgBr is
filtered, dried and found to weigh 0.8042 gm. Calculate the percentage of NaCl and NaBr in the sample.

8. 1 gm sample of KClO3 was heated under such conditions that a part of it decomposed according to the
equation (1) 2KClO3  2 KCl + 3O2
and remaining underwent change according to the equation.
(2) 4KClO3  3 KClO4 + KCl
If the amount of O2 evolved was 112 ml at 1 atm and 273 K., calculate the % by weight of KClO 4 in the
residue.

9. In one process for waterproofing, a fabric is exposed to (CH3)2SiCl2 vapour. The vapour reacts with hydroxyl
groups on the surface of the fabric or with traces of water to form the waterproofing film [(CH3)2SiO]n, by
the reaction
n(CH3)2SiCl2 + 2nOH–  2nCl– + nH2O + [(CH3)2SiO]n
where n stands for a large integer. The waterproofing film is deposited on the fabric layer upon layer. Each
layer is 6.0 Å thick [ the thickness of the (CH3)2SiO group]. How much (CH3)2 SiCl2 is needed to waterproof
one side of a piece of fabric, 1.00 m by 3.00 m, with a film 300 layers thick ? The density of the film is 1.0
g/cm3.

10. Chloride samples are prepared for analysis by using NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl separately or as mixture. What
minimum volume of 5 % by weight AgNO3 solution(sp.gr, 1.04 g ml–1) must be added to a sample of 0.3 g
in order to ensure complete precipitation of chloride in every possible case?

11. A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. In the ratio of one mole of nitrogen to three moles of hydrogen, was
partially converted into NH3 so that the final product was a mixture of all these three gases. The mixture
was to have a density of 0.497 g per litre at 25°C and 1.00 atm. What would be the mass of gas in
22.4 litres at 1 atm and 273 K? Calculate the % composition of this gaseous mixture by volume.

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 11
 3
12. A2 + 2B2  A2B4 and A 2  2B 2  A 3B 4
2
Two substance A2 & B2 react in the above manner when A2 is limited it gives A2B4, when in excess gives
A3B4. A2B4 can be converted to A3B4 when reacted with A2. Using this information calculate the composition
of the final mixture when mentioned amount of A2 & B2 are taken
(i) If 4 moles of A2 & 2 moles of B2 is taken is reaction container
(ii) If 1/2 moles of A2 & 2 moles of B2 is taken in reaction container
(iii) If 5/4 moles of A2 & 2 moles of B2 is taken

13. PCl3 + Cl2  PCl5

PCl3 + 3H2O  H3PO3 + 3HCl

A sample containing very large amount of PCl3 was exposed to a sampled of “Chlorinated water” having
Cl2 dissolved in H2O so that the above two reactions occured. It was observed that ratio of mass of PCl5 to
mass of H3PO3 was 417 : 246. From this information calculate.
(i) ratio of moles of PCl5 to moles of H3PO3
(ii) ratio of moles of Cl2 ; H2O present in chlorinated water
(iii) Molarity (m) of Chlorine in chlorinated water.

14. A mixture of H2, N2 & O2 occupying 100 ml underwent reaction so as to form H2O2 (l) and N2H2 (g) as the
only products, causing the volume to contract by 60 ml. The remaining mixture was passed through pyrogallol
causing a contraction of 10 ml. To the remaining mixture excess H2 was added and the above reaction was
repeated, causing a reduction in volume of 10 ml. Identify the composition of the initial mixture in mol %.
(No other products are formed)

15. 10 mL of gaseous organic compound C, H and O only was mixed with 100 mL of O 2 and exploded under
identical conditions and then cooled. The volume left after cooling was 90 mL. On treatment with KOH a
concentration of 20 ml was observed. If vapour denisty of compound is 23, derive molecular formula of the
compound.

16. For a hypothetical chemical reaction represented by

3A(g)  C(g) + D(g) , the following informations are known.
Information
(i) At t = 0, only 1 mole of A is present and the gas has V.D. = 60.
(ii) At t =30 min, the gaseous mixture consist of all three gases and has a vapour density = 75.
(iii) Molecular Mass of C = 200
Calculate
(a) Molecular weight of A and D.
(b) Moles of each specie at t = 30 min.

17. The vapours of organic compound was burnt in oxygen. Equal volume of both gaseous substance were
taken at same pressure and temperature. After the reaction, the system was returned to the original condition
and it turn out that its volume has not changed. The product of combustion contain 50% CO 2 (g) and 50%
H2O (g) by volume and no other gas. Find the molecular weight of organic compound (in gram/mol) in
question.

18. “Purssian blue” can be prepared by the following reactions :

I. Fe + H2SO4  FeSO4 + H2

II. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + 1/2 O2  Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O

III. Fe2(SO4)3 + K4[Fe(CN)6]  Fe4(Fe(CN)6)3 + K2SO4

Calculate number of moles of Fe4[Fe(CN6)3] produced, if
(a) 50 moles of Fe and 30 moles of H2SO4 are used with sufficient amount of other reactants.
(b) 50 moles of Fe, 70 moles of H2SO4 and 30 moles of K4[Fe(CN)6] are used with sufficient amount of
other reactants.
(c) 400 moles of Fe are used with sufficient amount of other reactants (assuming the yield of I, II & III
reactions are 50%, 40% and 60% respectively).

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 12
19. H2O2 + 2KI 40
%yield
 I2 + 2KOH
H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 50
%yield
 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3O2 + 4H2O
100 ml of H2O2 sample was divided into two parts. First part was treated with KI. And KOH formed required
200 ml of M/2 H2SO4 for complete neutralisation. Other part was treated with just sufficient KMnO 4 yielding
6.74 lit. of O2 at 1 atm & 273 K. Calculate
(a) Moles of KOH produced
(b) Moles of KMnO4 used
(c) Total moles of H2O2 used in both reaction
(d) Volume strength of H2O2 used.

20. Igniting MnO2 in air converts it quantititatively to Mn3O4. A sample of pyrolusite has MnO2 80%, SiO2 15%
and rest having water. The sample is heated in air to constant mass. What is the % Mn in lgnited sample ?

21. What volume of 0.2 M NaOH (in ml) solution should be mixed to 500 ml of 0.5 M NaOH solution so that 300
ml of final solution is completely neutralised by 20 ml of 2 M H3PO4 solution.
[Assuming 100% dissociation]

22. 100 ml of 0.1 M solution of AB ( d = 1.5 gm/ml) is mixed with 100 ml of 0.2 M solution of CB2
(d = 2.5 gm/ml). Calculate the molarity of B¯ in final solution if the density of final solution is 4 gm/ml.
Assuming AB and CB2 are non reacting & dissociates completely into A+, B¯, C+2.

23. 60 ml of a "x" % w/w alcohol by weight (d = 0.6 g/cm 3) must be used to prepare 200 cm 3 of 12% alcohol by
weight (d = 0.90 g/cm 3). Calculate the value of "x"?

24. Consider the following set of reactions

If 0.1 moles of silver salt is taken & wt. of residue obtained is 54 gms then what will be the molecular mass
of

CH 
CH 3 —  CH — CH — CH 3
| | | 
 Br Br Br  n


Single Correct Questions :

1. The minimum mass of mixture of A2 and B4 required to produce at least 1 kg of each product is :
(Given At. mass of 'A' = 10 ; At. mass of 'B' = 120)

5A2 + 2B4 
 2AB2 + 4A2B
(A) 2120 gm (B) 1060 gm (C) 560 gm (D) 1660 gm

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 13
2. For the reaction,
2x + 3y + 4z  5w
Initially if 1 mole of x, 3 mole of y and 4 mole of z is taken. If 1.25 mole of w is obtained then % yield of this
reaction is :
(A) 25% (B) 50 % (C) 75 % (D) None of these

3. Ratio of masses of H2SO4 and Al2 (SO4)3 in grams each containing 32 grams of S is
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.64 (C) 0.86 (D) None of these

4. The percentage by mole of NO2 in a mixture of NO2(g) and NO(g) having average molecular mass 34 is :
(A) 25% (B) 20% (C) 40% (D) 75%

5. The vapour density of mixture of gas A (Molecular mass = 40) and gas B (Molecular mass = 80) is 25. Then
mole % of gas B in the mixture is
(A) 25 (B) 50 (C) 75 (D) None of these

6. How many hydrogen atoms are present in 0.1 mole of mohr’s salt (FeSO 4.(NH4)2 SO4.6H2O) ?
(A) 10 × NA (B) 14 × NA (C) 2 × NA (D) None of these

7. Density of water of room temperature is 1 g/ml. How many molecules are there in a drop of water, if its
volume is 0.05 ml ?
(A) 1.67 × 1021 (B) 16.7 × 1021 (C) 6.023 × 1023 (D) 1.67 × 1023

8. 8 g of O2 has the same number of molecules as

(A) 7 g of CO (B) 14 g of CO (C) 28 g of CO (D) 12 g of CO2

9. How many molecules are present in 12 L of liquid CCl4 ? The density of the liquid is 1.59 g cm –3.
(A) 7.44 × 1026 (B) 0.744 × 1026 (C) 1.59 × 1026 (D) 15.9 × 1026

10. The mass of P4O10 produced if 440 gm of P4S3 is mixed with 384 gm of O2 is
P4S3 + O2  P4O10 + SO2
(A) 568 gm (B) 426 gm (C) 284 gm (D) 396 gm

11. Mass of sucrose C 12 H 22 O 11 produced by mixing 84 gm of carbon, 12 gm of hydrogen and

56 lit. O2 at 1 atm & 273 K according to given reaction, is
C(s) + H2(g) + O2 (g)  C12H22O11(s)
(A) 138.5 (B) 155.5 (C) 172.5 (D) 199.5

12. If 0.5 moles of BaCl2 is mixed with 0.2 moles of Na3PO4, the maximum amount of Ba3(PO4)2 that can be
formed is
(A) 0.7 mole (B) 0.5 mol (C) 0.2 mol (D) 0.1 mol

13. 20 ml of 0.2 M Al2(SO4)3 is mixed with 20 ml of 0.6 M BaCl2. Concentration of Al3+ ion in the solution will be:
(A) 0.2 M (B) 10.3 M (C) 0.1 M (D) 0.25 M

14. 25.4 g of iodine and 14.2 g of chlorine are made to react completely to yield a mixture of ICI and ICI 3.
Calculate the ratio of moles of ICI and ICI3.
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 3 (D) 2 : 3

15. 40 gm of a carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal containing some inert impurities was
made to react with excess HCl solution. The liberated CO2 occupied 12.315 lit. at 1 atm & 300 K. The
correct option is
(A) Mass of impurity is 1 gm and metal is Be
(B) Mass of impurity is 3 gm and metal is Li
(C) Mass of impurity is 5 gm and metal is Be
(D) Mass of impurity is 2 gm and metal is Mg

16. 74 gm of a sample on complete combustion gives 132 gm CO2 and 54 gm of H2O. The molecular formula
of the compound may be
(A) C5H12 (B) C4H10O (C) C3H6O2 (D) C3H7O2

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 14
17. The pair of species having same percentage (mass) of carbon is :
(A) CH3COOH and C6H12O6 (B) CH3COOH and C2H5OH
(C) HCOOCH3 and C12H22O11 (D) C6H12O6 and C12H22O11

18. Density of a gas relative to air is 1.17. Find the molecular mass of the gas. [M air = 29 g/mol]
(A) 33.9 (B) 24.7 (C) 29 (D) 22.3

19. Mass of one atom of the element A is 3.9854 × 10–23 g. How many atoms are contained in 1g of the
element A ?
(A) 2.509 × 1023 (B) 6.022 × 1023 (C)12.044 × 1023 (D) None

20. Al2(SO4)3. x H2O has 8.20% aluminium by mass. The value of x is

(A) 4 (B) 10 (C) 16 (D) 18

21. A spherical ball of radius 3 cm contains 66.66% iron. If density is 1.5 g/cm 3, number of mole of Fe present
approximately is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 20 (D) None

22. What is the number of mole Fe(OH)3 that can be produced by allowing 1 mole of Fe2S3, 2 mole of H2O and
3 mole of O2 to react
(A) 2 (B) 1.34 (C) 3.52 (D) None

23. A solution of A (mol. wt = 20) and B (mol. wt. = 10), [Mole fraction XB = 0.6] having density 0.7 gm/ml then
molarity and molality of B in this solution will be ______ and ______ respectively.
(A) 30 M, 75 m (B) 75 M, 30 m (C) 7.5 M, 30 m (D) None of these

24. The % by volume of C4H10 in a gaseous mixture of C4H10, CH4 and CO is 40. When 200 ml of the mixture
is burnt in excess of O2. Find volume (in ml) of CO2 produced.
(A) 220 (B) 340 (C) 440 (D) 560

25. One mole mixture of CH4 & air (containing 80% N2 20% O2 by volume) of a composition such that when
underwent combustion gave maximum heat (assume combustion of only CH4). Then which of the statements
are correct, regarding composition of initial mixture.(X presents mole fraction)

1 2 8 3 1 1
(B) X CH  , XO  , X N 
CH 4  , XO  , X N 
(A) X
11 2 11 2 11 4 8 2 8 2 2

1 1 2
(C) X CH  , XO  , X N  (D) Data insufficient
4 6 2 6 2 3

26. The vapour of an organic compound requires three times its own volume of oxygen for complete combustion
and produces twice its own volume of carbon dioxide. Which of the following compounds would give these
results ?
(A) CH3CHO (B) C2H5OH (C) CH3COOH (D) CH4

27. A mixture of KBr and NaBr weighing 0.560 gm was treated with aqueous Ag+ and all the bromide ion was
recovered as 0.970 gm of pure AgBr. The fraction by weight of KBr in the sample is :
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.2378 (C) 0.38 (D) 0.285

28. C6H5OH(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O (l)

Magnitude of volume change if 30 ml of C6H5OH (g) is burnt with excess amount of oxygen, is
(A) 30 ml (B) 60 ml (C) 20 ml (D) 10 ml

29. 10 ml of a compound containing 'N' and 'O' is mixed with 30 ml of H2 to produce H2O (l) and 10 ml of N2 (g).
Molecular formula of compound if both reactants reacts completely, is
(A) N2O (B) NO2 (C) N2O3 (D) N2O5

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 15
30. A definite amount of gaseous hydrocarbon was burnt with just sufficient amount of O 2. The volume of all
reactants was 600 ml, after the explosion the volume of the products [CO 2(g) and H2O(g)] was found to be
700 ml under the similar conditions. The molecular formula of the compound is
(A) C3H8 (B) C3H6 (C) C3H4 (D) C4H10

31. The mass of CO2 produced from 620 gm mixture of C2H4O2 & O2, prepared to produce maximum energy
is (Combustion reaction is exothermic)
(A) 413.33 gm (B) 593.04 gm (C) 440 gm (D) 320 gm

32. Assuming complete precipitation of AgCl, calculate the sum of the molar concentration of all the ions if 2 lit
of 2M Ag2SO4 is mixed with 4 lit of 1 M NaCl solution is :
(A) 4M (B) 2M (C) 3 M (D) 2.5 M

33. What volumes should you mix of 0.2 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2 solution so that in resulting solution the
concentration of positive ion is 40% lesser than concentration of negative ion. Assuming total volume of
solution 1000 ml.
(A) 400 ml NaCl, 600 ml CaCl2 (B) 600 ml NaCl, 400 ml CaCl2
(C) 800 ml NaCl, 200 ml CaCl2 (D) None of these

34. An iodized salt contains 0.5 % of NaI. A person consumes 3 gm of salt everyday. The number of iodide ions
going into his body everyday is
(A) 10–4 (B) 6.02 ×10–4 (C) 6.02 × 1019 (D) 6.02 × 1023

35. Equal volumes of 10% (v/v) of HCl is mixed with 10% (v/v) NaOH solution. If density of pure NaOH is 1.5
times that of pure HCl then the resultant solution be.
(A) basic (B) neutral (C) acidic (D) can’t be predicted.

36. 200 ml of a gaseous mixture containing CO, CO2 and N2 on complete combustion in just sufficient amount
of O2 showed contraction of 40 ml. When the resulting gases were passed through KOH solution it reduces

by 50 % then calculate the volume ratio of VCO : VCO : VN in original mixture.

2 2

(A) 4 : 1 : 5 (B) 2 : 3 : 5 (C) 1 : 4 : 5 (D) 1 : 3 : 5

37. 12 litre of H2 and 11.2 litre of Cl2 are mixed and exploded. The composition by volume of mixture is
(A) 24 litre of HCl (B) 0.8 litre Cl2 and 20.8 litre HCl
(C) 0.8 litre H2 and 22.4 litre HCl (D) 22.4 litre HCl

38. The mole fraction a given sample of I2 in C6H6 is 0.2. The molality of I2 in C6H6 is
(A) 0.32 (B) 3.2 (C) 0.032 (D) 0.48

39. To 500 ml of 2M impure H2SO4 sample, NaOH solution 1 M was slowly added and the following plot was
obtained. The percentage purity of H2SO4 sample and slope of the curve respectively are

(A) 50 %, –1/3 (B) 75%, –1/2 (C) 75%, –1 (D) None of these

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 16
Comprehension # 1
A 10 ml mixture of N2, a alkane & O2 undergo combustion in Eudiometry tube. There was contraction of 2
ml, when residual gases are passed through KOH. To the remaining mixture comprising of only one gas
excess H2 was added & after combustion the gas produced is absorbed by water, causing a reduction in
volume of 8 ml.

40. Gas produced after introduction of H2 in the mixture?

(A) H2O (B) CH4 (C) CO2 (D) NH3

41. Volume of N2 present in the mixture?

(A) 2 ml (B) 4 ml (C) 6 ml (D) 8 ml

42. Volume of O2 remained after the first combustion?

(A) 4 ml (B) 2 ml (C) 0 (D) 8 ml

43. Identify the hydrocarbon.

(A) CH4 (B) C2H6 (C) C3H8 (D) C4H10

Comprehension # 2
NaBr, used to produce AgBr for use in photography can be self prepared as follows :
Fe + Br2  FeBr2 ....(i)
FeBr2 + Br2  Fe3Br8 ....(ii) (not balanced)
Fe3Br8 + Na2CO3  NaBr + CO2 + Fe3O4 ....(iii) (not balanced)

44. Mass of iron required to produce 2.06 × 103 kg NaBr

(A) 420 gm (B) 420 kg (C) 4.2 × 105 kg (D) 4.2 × 108 gm

45. If the yield of (ii) is 60% & (iii) reaction is 70% then mass of iron required to produce 2.06 × 10 3 kg NaBr
(A) 105 kg (B) 105 gm (C) 103 kg (D) None

46. If yield of (iii) reaction is 90% then mole of CO2 formed when 2.06 × 103 gm NaBr is formed
(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 40 (D) None

Comprehension # 3
A 4.925 g sample of a mixture of CuCl2 and CuBr2 was dissolved in water and mixed thoroughly with a 5.74
g portion of AgCl. After the reaction the solid, a mixture of AgCl and AgBr, was filtered, washed, and dried.
Its mass was found to be 6.63 g.

47. % By mass of CuBr2 in original mixture is

(A) 2.24 (B) 74.5 (C) 45.3 (D) None

48. % By mass of Cu in original mixture is

(A) 38.68 (B) 19.05 (C) 3.86 (D) None

49. % by mole of AgBr in dried precipate is

(A) 25 (B) 50 (C) 75 (D) 60

50. No. of moles of Clr ion present in the solution after precipitation are
(A) 0.06 (B) 0.02 (C) 0.04 (D) None

More than one correct:

51. A mixture of C3H8 (g) & O2 having total volume 100 ml in an Eudiometry tube is sparked & it is observed that
a contraction of 45 ml is observed what can be the composition of reacting mixture.
(A) 15 ml C3H8 & 85 ml O2 (B) 25 ml C3H8 & 75 ml O2
(C) 45 ml C3H8 & 55 ml O2 (D) 55 ml C3H8 & 45 ml O2
52. An aqueous solution consisting of 5 M BaCl2, 58.8% w/v NaCl solution & 2m Na2X has a density of 1.949
gm/ml. Mark the option(s) which represent correct molarity (M) of the specified ion.
[Assume 100% dissociation of each salt and molecular mass of X-2 ] is 96
(A) [Cl–] = 20 M (B) [Na+] = 11 M
(C) [Total anions] = 20.5 M (D) [Total cations] = 15 M

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 17
53. Which of the following samples contains 2.0 × 1023 atoms
(A) 8.0 g O2 (B) 3.0 g Be (C) 4.0 g C (D) 1.0 g He

54. Two gases A and B which react according to the equation

aA(g) + bB(g)  cC(g) + dD(g)
to give two gases C and D are taken (amount not known) in an Eudiometer tube (operating at a constant
Pressure and temperature) to cause the above.
If on causing the reaction there is no volume change observed then which of the following statement is/are
correct.
(A) (a + b) = (c + d)
(B) average molecular mass may increase or decrease if either of A or B is present in limited amount.
(C) Vapour Density of the mixture will remain same throughout the course of reaction.
(D) Total moles of all the component of mixture will change.

55. On complete oxidation, 1 mole of an organic compound gave 2 moles of water. The compound should be
(A) Methanol (B) Propyne (C) Ethylene (D) but-1-ene

56. A mixture of 100 ml of CO, CO2 and O2 was sparked. When the resulting gaseous mixture was passed
through KOH solution, contraction in volume was found to be 80 ml, the composition of initial mixture may
be (in the same order)
(A) 30 ml, 60 ml, 10 ml (B) 30 ml, 50 ml, 20 ml
(C) 50 ml, 30 ml, 20 ml (D) 30 ml, 40 ml, 30 ml

57. Give following series of reactions :

(I) NH3 + O2  NO + H2O (II) NO + O2  NO2

(III) NO2 + H2O  HNO3 + HNO2 (IV) HNO2  HNO3 + NO + H2O
Select the correct option(s) :
(A) Mole of HNO3 obtained is half of moles of Ammonia used if HNO2 is not used to produce HNO3 by
reaction (IV)

100
(B) % more HNO3 will be produced if HNO2 is used to produce HNO3 by reaction (IV) than if HNO2 is
6
not used produce HNO3 by reaction (IV)

1 th
(C) If HNO2 is used to produce HNO3 then of total HNO3 is produced by reaction (IV)
4
(D) Moles of NO produced in reaction (IV) is 50% of moles of total HNO 3 produced.

58. Solution(s) containing 40 gm NaOH is/are

(A) 50 gm of 80% (w/w) NaOH
(B) 50 gm of 80% (w/v) NaOH [dsoln. = 1.2 gm/ml]
(C) 50 gm of 20 M NaOH [dsoln. = 1 gm/ml]
(D) 50 gm of 5m NaOH

59. The incorrect statement(s) regarding 2M MgCl2 aqueous solution is/are (dsolution = 1.09 gm/ml)
(A) Molality of Cl¯ is 4.44 m
(B) Mole fraction of MgCl2 is exactly 0.035
(C) The conc. of MgCl2 is 19% w/v
(D) The conc. of MgCl2 is 19 × 104 ppm

60. An organic compound is burnt with excess of O 2 to produce CO2(g) and H2O(l), which results in 25%
volume contraction. Which of the following option(s) satisfy the given conditions.
(A) 10 ml C3H8 + 110 ml O2 (B) 20 ml C2H6O + 80 ml O2
(C) 10 ml C3H6O2 + 50 ml O2 (D) 40 ml C2H2O4 + 60 ml O2

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 18
61. A sample of H2O2 solution labelled as 56 volume has density of 530 gm/L. Mark the correct option(s)
representing concentration of same solution in other units. (Solution contains only H 2O and H2O2)
w
(A) M H O = 6 (B) % = 17
2 2 v
1000
(C) Mole fraction of H2O2 = 0.25 (D) m H 2O 2 =
72
62. Solution(s) containing 30 gm CH3COOH is / are
(A) 50 gm of 70% (w/v) CH3COOH [dsol. = 1.4 gm/ml ]
(B) 50 gm of 10 M CH3COOH [dsol. = 1 gm / ml]
(C) 50 gm of 60% (w/w) CH3COOH
(D) 50 gm of 10 m CH3COOH

63. '2V' ml of 1 M Na2SO4 is mixed with 'V' ml of 2M Ba(NO3)2 solution.

(A) Molarity of Na+ ion in final solution can’t be calculated as V is not known
(B) Molarity of BaSO4 in final solution is 2/3 M
(C) Molarity of NO3– in final solution is 4/3 M
(D) Molarity of NO3– is final solution is 2/3 M.

Match the column :

64. Match the column:
Column I Column II
(A) Gram atom present in one atom (P) 2 NA
(B) NA gram atom contains atom (Q) 1/NA
(C) Number of protons in 1gm molecule of H2 (R) 4 NA
(D) Number of electrons added to 32 gm O atom
to convert it into O2– (S) (NA)2

65. The recommended daily dose is 17.6 milligrams of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) having formula C6H8O6.
Match the following. Given : NA = 6 × 1023
Column I Column II
(A) O-atoms present (P) 10–4 mole
(B) Moles of vitamin C in 1 gm of vitamin C (Q) 5.68 × 10–3
(C) Moles of vitamin C in 1 gm should be
consumed daily (R) 3.6 × 1020

66. Match the column:

Column I Column II
(A) 20 V H2O2 (P) 1.78 M
(B) 17.45 % w/v H2SO4 (d = 1.1745 g/ml) (Q) 1.78 m
(C) Pure water (R) 1.5 M
(D) 5 % w/w NaOH (d=1.2 gm/ml) (S) 55.5 M
67. Match the column:
Column I Column II
(A) 10 M MgO (P) W solvent = 120 gm per 100 ml of solution
(dsolution= 1.20 gm/ml)
Solute : MgO
Solvent: H2O
(B) 40% w/v NaOH (Q) W solution = 150 gm per 100 gm solvent
(dsolution = 1.6 gm/ml)
Solute : NaOH
Solvent: H2O
(C) 8 m CaCO3 (R) W solute = 120 gm per 100 gm of solvent
Solute : CaCO3
Solvent: H2O
(D) 0.6 mol fraction of 'X' (S) W solvent = 125 gm per 100 gm of solute
(molecular mass = 20)
in 'Y' (molecular mass 25)
Solute : X
Solvent : Y

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68. One type of artifical diamond (commonly called YAG for yttrium aluminium garnet) can be represented by
the formula Y3Al5O12.[Y = 89, Al =27]
Column I Column II
Element Weight percentage
(A) Y (P) 22.73%
(B) Al (Q) 32.32%
(C) O (R) 44.95%

69. Br2 reacts with O2 in either of the following ways depending upon supply of O2.
1
Br2 + O  Br2O
2 2

3
Br2 + O  Br2O3
2 2
Match composition of the final mixture for initial amount of reactants.
Column I Column II
(initial reactants) (Final product)
(A) 320 gm Br2 is mixed with 64 gm of O2 (P) 1 mole of Br2O3
1 1
(B) 160 gm Br2 is mixed with 8 gm of O2 (Q) mole of (Br2O), mole (Br2)
2 2
(C) 80 gm Br2 is mixed with 32 gm O2 (R) 1 mole of (Br2O), 1 mole (Br2O3)
1 1
(D) 160 gm Br2 is mixed with 48 gm O2 (S) mole (Br2O3), mole (O2)
2 4

IIT-JEE PROBLEMS
* Marked Questions are having more than one correct option.
1. How many moles of electron weigh one kilogram :
1 6.023 1
(A) 6.023 × 1023 (B) × 1031 (C) × 1054 (D) × 108
9.108 9.108 9.108  6.023

2. Which has maximum number of atoms :

(A) 24 g of C (12) (B) 56 g of Fe (56) (C) 27 g of Al (27) (D) 108 g Ag (108)

Paragraph for Question Nos. (3) to (5)

Chemical reactions involve interaction of atoms and molecules. A large number of atoms/molecules
(approximately 6.023 × 1023) are present in a few grams of any chemical compound varying with their
atomic/molecular masses. To handle such large numbers conveniently, the mole concept was introduced.
This concept has implications in diverse areas such as analytical chemistry, biochemistry, electrochemistry
and radiochemistry. The following example illustrates a typical case, involving chemical / electrochemical
reaction, which requires a clear understanding of the mole concept.
A 4.0 molar aqueous solution of NaCl is prepared and 500 mL of this solution is electrolysed. This leads to
the evolution of chlorine gas at one of the electrodes (atomic mass : Na = 23, Hg = 200 ; 1 Faraday = 96500
coulombs).
**[At the anode :
2Cl–  Cl2 + 2e –
At the cathode :
Na+ + e–  Na
Na + Hg  NaHg (sodium amalgam)]
** (These reactions were not present in IIT-JEE paper)

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Page No. # 20
3. The total number of moles of chlorine gas evolved is :
(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0 (C) 2.0 (D) 3.0

4. If the cathode is a Hg electrode, the maximum weight (g) of amalgam formed from this solution is :

(A) 200 (B) 225 (C) 400 (D) 446

5. The total charge (coulombs) required for complete electrolysis is :
(A) 24125 (B) 48250 (C) 96500 (D) 193000

6. Given that the abundances of isotopes 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe are 5%, 90% and 5%, respectively, the atomic
mass of Fe is :
(A) 55.85 (B) 55.95 (C) 55.75 (D) 56.05
7. The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5 (M)HCl with 250 mL of 2(M)HCl will be :

(1) 0.875 M (2) 1.00 M (3) 1.75 M (4) 0.975 M

8. A gaseous hydrocarbon gives upon combustion 0.72 g. of water and 3.08 g. of CO 2 The empirical formula
of the hydrocarbon is :
(1) C2H4 (2) C3H4 (3) C6H5 (4) C7H8

2+ 3+
9. Experimentally it was found that a metal oxide has formula M O. Metal M, present as M and M in its
3+ 0.98
oxide. Fraction of the metal which exists as M would be :
(1) 7.01% (2) 4.08% (3) 6.05% (D) 5.08%

23 –1 –23
10. if the value of Avogadro number is 6.023 × 10 mol and the value of Blotzmann constant is 1.380 × 10
–1
J K , then the number of significant digits in the calculated value of the universal gas constant is

11. A compound H2X with molar weight of 80 g is dissolved in a solvent having density of 0.4 g ml–1. Assuming
no change in volume upon dissolution, the molality of a 3.2 molar solution is

12. The mole fraction of a solute in a solution is 0.1. At 298 K, molarity of this solution is the same as its molality.
–3
Density of this solution at 298 K is 2.0 g cm . The ratio of the molecular weights of the solute and solvent,

 MWsolute 
  , is
 MWsolvent 

13. At 300 K and 1 atm, 15 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon requires 375 mL air containing 20% O by volume for
2
complete combustion. After combustion the gases occupy 330 mL. Assuming that the water formed is in
liquid form and the volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure, the formula of the
hydrocarbon is :
(A) C H (B) C H (C) C H (D) C H
3 6 3 8 4 8 4 10

NCERT QUESTIONS
1. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69.9% iron and 30.1% dioxygen by mass.

2. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density, 1.41 g mL –1 and
the mass per cent of nitric acid in it being 69%.

IIB-PUNE
Page No. # 21
3. Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data :
% Natural Abudance Molar Mass
35
Cl 75.77 34.9689
37
Cl 24.23 36.9659
4. If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L–1, what is its volume needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?
5. How many significant figures are present in the following?
(i) 0.0025 (ii) 208 (iii) 5005
(iv) 126,000 (v) 500.0 (vi) 2.0034
6. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia according to the following chemical
equation :
N2(g) + H2(g)  2NH3(g)
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced if 2.00 × 103 g dinitrogen reacts with 1.00 × 103 g of dihydrogen.
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
(iii) If yes, which one and what would be its mass?

7. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.040
(assume the density of water to be one).

8. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations ?

0.02856  298.15  0.112

(i) (ii) 5 × 5.364 (iii) 0.0125 + 0.7864 + 0.0215
0.5785
9. A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small sample of it in oxygen gives
3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of
this welding gas is found to weight 11.6 g. Calculate :
(i) empirical formula, (ii) molar mass of the gas, and (iii) molecular formula.
10. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction,
CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl (aq)  CaCl2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O()
What mass of CaCO3 is required to react completely with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl?
11. Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioixde (MnO 2) with aqueous hydrochloric
acid according to the reaction.
4 HCl (aq) + MnO2(s)  2H2O () + MnCl(aq) + Cl2(g)
How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide?

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Page No. # 22
 EXERCISE # 1
1. 7.092 × 107 2. 123 g/mol 3. 196.169 gm
4. Y atoms 5. 24.09 × 1023 , 112 g 6. 27.6 gm
7. 166.6 mL 8. (a) 4 ; (b) 5000 mole 9. 116.8 gm
10. 1.0 ×1019 11. 12.3 12. 10–4 %
13. C3H5N, C3H5N 14. m = 4, C6H2Cl3
15. (a) C6H12 (b) C5H10O5 (c) H2O2 (d) Hg2Cl2 (e) H4F4
16. CH 17. wc = 24 gm ; wCCl = 154 gm 18. 0.25 mole
4
19. 9.12 20. 5.6 21. 0.1185
22. 1.03 gm 23. 76 24. Al = 60%; Mg = 40%
25. 39.18 25. 320.3 gm 27. 29.29 %
28. 45% 29. 63 % , 37%
30. CaCO3 = 28.4%; MgCO3 = 71.6% 31. 4.48 litre
32. 61.5 gm 33. NaHCO3 = 14.9 %; Na2CO3 = 85.1 %
34. %NaCl = 77.8% 35. 21 : 11

36. (i) Fe2O3 + 2 Al  Al2O3 + 2Fe; (ii) 80 : 27; (iii)10,000 units

37. (a) 59.17 gm ; (b) 61.97 gm 38. 12.9 gm 39. 470.4 gm

40. 640.0 41. (a) 117 kg (b) 20.16 × 103 lit.
42. (a) 0.5 M, (b) 0.5 M, (c) 0.2 M 43. 1.445 44. 13.15
45. 1.736 litre 46. 183.68 ml
47. (a) [Ca+2] = 2M, [NO3–] = 4M ; (b) 0.965 48. 16.66%
49. 2.7 × 10–4 50. 1.288 51. 29.77
52. 0.6667, 0.6667 53. 0.204 M 54. 5.56 ml
55. 2M 56. 25 Litre 57. (i) 4 M ; (ii) 0.06
58. 44.8 V 59. 28 V 60. 10 ml
61. 30 ml 62. O3 63. C2H2=6 ml, CO=14ml
64. CH4 = 4.5 ml, CO2 = 1.5 ml 65. 70 ml 66. 5 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml
67. NO = 44 ml; N2O = 16 ml 68. C2H2 = 16 ml, CO = 24 ml
EXERCISE # 2
1. 10 : 0.66 : 1 2. 1.14 gm 3. 1.1458
4. 0.532 : 1.00 5. 1.052 gm/ml 6. 24.51 ml
7. 4.02 % , 53.35 % 8. 59.72% 9. 0.9413 gram
10. 18.38 ml 11. 12.15gm, N2 = 14.28 % H2 = 42.86%, NH3 = 42.86 %
12. (i) A2 = 1 A3B4 = 2 (ii) B2 = 1 A2B4 = 1/2 (iii) A3B4 = 0.5 A2B4 = 0.5

2 2 2 mol
13. (i) (ii) (ii)  100 14. N2= 30 ml, H2 = 40 ml
3 9 9  18 g

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Page No. # 23
15. C2H6O

2 1 1
16. (a) mA = 120, mD = 160; (b)nA = , nC = , nD = 17. 30
5 5 5

18. (a) 5 ; (b) 10 ; (c) 12 19. (a) 0.2; (b) 0.4 moles; (c) 0.45; (d) 50.4 'V'

20. 59.37 21. 250 22. 0.5

23. 60 24. 495

EXERCISE # 3
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4 (A) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (A)

8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (A)

15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (D) 21. (B)

22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (B)

29. (C) 30. (A) 31. (C) 32. (B) 33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (A)

36. (C) 37. (C) 38. (B) 39. (C) 40. (D) 41. (B) 42. (C)

43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (C) 46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (A) 49. (B)

50. (A) 51. (AB) 52. (ABC) 53. (BC) 54. (AC) 55. (ABC) 56. (AB)

57. (ACD) 58. (AC) 59. (BD) 60. (AC) 61. (BD) 62. (BC) 63. (C)

64. (A)  Q; (B)  S ; (C)  P; (D)  R 65. (A)  R, (B)  Q, (C)  P

66. (A)  P; (B)  P,Q ; (C)  S; (D)  R 67. (A)  Q; (B)  P; (C)  S; (D)  R

68. (A)  R, (B)  P, (C)  Q 69. (A)  R; (B)  Q ; (C)  S; (D)  P

EXERCISE # 4

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (1)

8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (4) 11. (8) 12. (9) 13. (B)
EXERCISE # 5

5. (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 3 (v) 4 (vi) 5

6. (i) 2.43 × 103 g (ii) yes

(iii) Hydrogen will remain unreacted ; 5.72 × 102 g

8. (i) 3 (ii) 4 (iii) 4

9. Empirical formula CH, molar mass 26.0 g mol–1, molecular formula C2H2

10. 0.94 g CaCO3 11. 8.40 g HCl

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