GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING ,

S.P.M.C., A.G.H., BIKANER

NURSING EDUCATION

ASSIGNMENT
ON
CLINICAL TEACHING METHOD

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

MRS. CHHOTU MA'AM PUNIT NARAYAN SHRIMAALI

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.Sc. NURSING PREVIOUS

GCON , BIKANER GCON, BIKANER

Clinical Teaching Method

The clinical teaching methods is a type of group conference in which a patient or patients
are observed and studied, discussed, demonstrated and directed towards the improvement
and further improvement of nursing care. Clinical teaching may be given by any faculty
member that is clinical instructor or tutor or ward staff and will concentrate on a particular
patient's needs as a person and how the doctor's treatment orders can be met by the by the
right understanding and nursing care.

Definition

The ideal way to teach clinical nursing is center the teaching around specific patients.

Purposes

To provide individualized care in a systematic, holistic approach.

To develop high technical competent skills.

To practice various procedures.

To collect and analyze the data.

To conduct research.

To maintain high standard of nursing practice.

To become independent enough to practice

The students will develop the techniques e.g. observation.

To meet the needs of a client.

To improve the standards of nursing practice.

To develop various methods in delivering care.

To identify the problems of clients.

To learn various diagnostic procedures.

To learn various skill in giving health education techniques to the client and significant
others

To help in integration of theoretical knowledge into practice.

To develop communication skills and maintain interpersonal relationship

To maintain inter- institutional relationship

To develop proficiency and efficiency in carrying out various nursing procedures.

To learn managerial skills.

To become professionally active member.

To encounter reality in the practice of nursing, synthesis learning practice activities

described in the course objectives.

Methods of Clinical Teaching

1. Client and family centered approach

2. Conference* Group conference Staff conference Nursing care conference* Individual

conference* Team conference

3. Bedside clinic

4. Nursing rounds

5. Assignments

6. Field visit

7. Process recording.

8. Ward teaching

9. Ward class

10. Ward clinics

11. Case method

12. Brain storming method

13. Group discussion

14. Demonstration method

15. Laboratory method

16. Health talks

1.Client and family centered approach

1. Individualized care will be provided in holistic manner. Here not only the client will be
assisted for therapeutic measures, the family members also will be involved in education
about illness and health concept, signs and symptoms, treatment, prevention of tje problem
, thereby the client and whole family will be aware and involve in meeting the clients need.

2. Conference

a. Group conference

A conference is the act of consulting together of two or more individuals in an formal

meeting for the purpose of giving or exchanging ideas. It involves a two-way flow of
conversation.

Purposes:

To set objectives and criteria for nursing care.

To plan methods for improving care

b. Staff conference

These type of conferences will be held in teaching institutions e.g.: faculty meeting, in
hospitals .E.g.; Nursing superintendent will conduct conference to all nurses.The leader
should accept each person's suggestions as worthy of consideration make a note it on a
blackboard or small pad. Each member should encourage to express their thoughts. The
leader then summarizes the suggestions. A group discussion is usually in order. The leader
ends the conference by stating the next steps and delegating any responsibility that might
be entitled.

c. Nursing care conference:

It is a method of teaching which provides an opportunity for an informal discussion of a

problem and free exchange of knowledge and experience about the common interest and it
consists of a group discussion using problem solving techniques or nursing process. A
nursing care conference is designed around a consultation visit of a clinical nurse specialist.

3. Bedside clinic

As we all know a planned teaching should not be restricted to the classroom only. It is to
carryout in the clinical area .It is one of the best methods of teaching. The purpose of the
bedside clinic is to portray the nursing problems and to give viva picture of the related
nursing care by associating it with a specific individual.
4. Nursing Rounds

It is an excursion into patient's area involving the students learning experiences. Nursing
rounds revealed that students responded to this method of teaching with enthusiasm. Their
interest in learning increased and they showed ability to share ideas and knowledge with
others for the benefit of patients.Nursing rounds are given separate names according to the
purpose they serve.

5. Nursing Assignment

Assignment in the clinical field is the nursing education cum service.

Definition

It is the past of learning experience where the students are assigned with patients or other
activities concerning to patients in clinical laboratory.

Objectives

1. To provides the patient with the best possible nursing care.

2. To plan assignments which are interesting to nurses and stimulating to their professional
growth.

3. To provide a well rounded educational experience for student nurses.

4. Achieving good ward management.

Methods of Assignment

1. The patient method

2. The functional method

3. The team method

6. Process Recording

Definition

1. "A verbatim between nurse and the patient"-*

-"Walker"

2. "An exact written report of conversation between the nurse and the patient during the
time they were together".
- "Hudson"

3. "A teaching- learning tool".

- "Conen"

Uses of the process record

There are mainly 3 uses.

a) As a teaching-learning tool.

b) As an evaluation tool.

c) As an therapeutic tool.

Different phases in process recording

1. Preparing the student for process recording.

2. Recording nurse-patient interaction.

3. Evaluating the interactions by nurse teacher and the student. Guidelines to student:

1. Your goals for working with assigned patients should be written down before starting the
process recording

2. Note important factors in patient's personality development.

3. Mention about the therapies which patient is getting both past and present .

4. Date of process recording should be mentioned.

5. Amount of time you spent with patient should be recorded.

6. A brief description should be written about the setting and situation before your
conversation.

7. Identify the patients needs (as represented by patient behavior).

8. Identify mental mechanisms that you think the patient is using and give examples.

9. After completion of process record, give your comment on how well you were able to
meet the goals which you set before starting your work.

10. Evaluate the process record as a learning experience for you at the end of the
assignment
7. Field Visit

It is a visit especially planned for its possible contribution to the objectives of the
curriculum, course, lesson or other unit of instructions.

Definition:

It is defined as an educational procedure by which the students obtain first hand

information by observing laces, objects, phenomena or activities and process in their natural
setting, to further learning

Purposes

1. To provide real life situations for the first hand information.

2. To supplement classroom instruction, to secure definite information for specific lesson.

3. To serve as a preview of a lesson and for gathering instructional materials.

4. To verify previous information, class discussion and conclusion of individual experiments.

5. To serve as a means of arousing specific interest in materials, objects,places or processes.

6. To create teaching situations for cultivating observation, keenness and discovery.

7. To serve as a means to develop positive attitudes values and special skills.

Organization and procedure of field trip

a. Preplanning

b. Actual conduct of the trips.

c. Evaluation

8. Ward teaching program

Purposes

To supplement, to integrate and to utilize classroom instruction.

To aid the student to make correct applications of scientific principles basic to a particular
nursing activity.

To enable the student to gain a real understanding of individual differences and substitute
variations of case and circumstances to fact fully respond and adjust to them by adopting
nursing procedure and treatment without violating basic principles.
9. Ward class

A class will be conducted based upon current clinical experience of the student for whom
the class is planned. Small group should be planned that is, all the students at one level of
experience, who are having similar, experience, who are having similar experience in
particular department.

10. Ward Clinic

In this type, a client is presented to the group, who illustrates all signs and symptoms and
requires all nursing case procedures.

Permission should be taken from the physician.

Instructor should explain before hand, to the client about the purpose of the clinic.

The students will be able to practice procedure in real situation.

Suitable place should be selected.

Student should understand the purpose on improving the standards of nursing care and
their contributions should be directed towards at its end.

11. Case Method

Used in three forms:

1. Case study

2. Case analysis

3. Case incident technique

1. Case study/Case presentation: The student will be given the opportunity to provide
nursing care for specific client, after 4 or 5 days of careful study, the student nurse will
prepare case study by comparing with the text, the student presents the case before the
batch of companions, general discussion about the client will be dealt.

2. Case Analysis: A concrete case for analysis and discussion by a group of students under
the leadership of the instructor. Sufficient information is presented to the students to make
judgment of problem or situation in case.

3. Case Incident technique: A critical incident technique which requires immediate decision
and action is taken from a case and presented to the students for their analysis and
decision. No background information is given to them regarding details of the incident at
the time, it is presented. The instructor will have facts about the care can be given as
requested by the students.
12. Brain Storming Method

Here the intellectual capacities of trainees will be utilized in solving or suggesting solutions
to problems and make the group to become active and answer the problems among them
only. The instructor will acts as a referee and give answers for the unsolved problems. For
example the cancelling of AIDS-in this topic the expert in the field will make certain opinion
regarding AIDS and make the group into 2 or more sections, according to the number of
trainees will be given one paper to write opinions and will give 3 minutes time and request
whether it falls into high, low, do not know like, she has to give explanation. Then the
referee will ask other groups, are they satisfied with that particular explanation.

13. Group Discussion

A cooperative problem solving activity which seeks a consensus regarding the solution of a
problem.

Values:

1. It encourages the student to think for her, to develop critical habits of study.

2. To interpret problems of the past, that she can throw light into ways for shaping the
future.

3. Helps her to advance in creative thought.

4. Enables the student to enrich her own conceptions by reacting to those of others.

5. The teacher can observe the student as she participates in the class and can plan for
individual differences.

6. It gives the student an opportunity to learn how to adjust to social situations.

7. Gives an opportunity to cooperate with others in the reflective solving of a problem.

8. Self activity is increased.

9. Cooperation in its highest sense is developed.

10. It provides proper social environment by the development of favorable attitudes

towards cooperation and responsibility.

11. Leadership skills will be developed

Discussion techniques for small group:

The individual conference

The informal class group discussion

The seminar

The clinical conference

Role playing

Case analysis Discussion techniques for larger groups:

Multiple discussion groups

Symposium

Panel

14. Demonstration Method

Uses

To demonstrate procedures in the classroom and the ward

To demonstrate experiments and its use.

To teach the patient, a procedure or treatment which he must carryout in home.

To demonstrate different approaches in establishing rapport with patients, so that the most
effective nurse patient relationship may be established.

15. Laboratory Method

Planned learning activity dealing with original or raw data in the solution of the problems.

Laboratory method is a procedure involving first hand experience with primary source
materials, through which the student can acquire psychomotor as well as mental
skill.Values:For student

To use the problem solving approach to the solution of real problems.

To translate theory into practice.

To develop, to test and to apply principles.

To learn methods of procedures.

Provides the teacher an opportunity.

16. Health Talks

This method will be used when teaching for clients and their relation or a mass. It can be
used in hospital and in community. For example, educating the mass about health and its
aspect. Health talks can be conducted incidentally and in a planned manner.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

~ D.ELAKKUVANA BHASKARA RAJ & NIM BHASKAR. TEXTBOOKOF NURSINGEDUCATION ,

EMMESS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS , 2ND EDITION

~ KP NEERAJA , TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION , JAYPEE BROTHERS , 2ND EDITION

~ LATHA VENKATESAN & POONAM JOSHI , TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION , ELSEVIER ,

1ST EDITION

~ WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

~ WWW.SCRIBD.COM