Chapter 2

Lesson
Summary
CONTINUATION…
 THE ART WORLD
The art world is composed of all people involved in the
production, commission, presentation, preservation, promotion,
chronicling, criticism, sale or consumption of art.
Art is therefore a business enterprise and an income-generating
activity that is influenced by the market forces of the art world
and economics of the art sector.
Organizational structure of are can be defined in terms of
CORE ACTIVITIES of art production and the
COLLATERAL ACTIVITIES.
 CORE ACTIVITIES COLLATERAL ACTIVITIES
A. Production of Art- artists A. Facilitation of production and
and their studios, collectives exhibition
and workshops, associations - Arts boards, arts councils, charitable
clubs, and societies funding bodies, art schools and other
B. Exhibition of Art Galleries educational institutions.
- public- national, regional, B. Dissemination of art and art
metropolitan; commercial; discourse
temporary public or private; - competitions; fairs biennales and
heritage houses, heritage sites festivals, commercial and academic
and culture parks publishers; internet; film and television
production
 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES and INSTITUTIONS
 NATIONAL COMMISSION for CULTURE and the ARTS (NCCA)
-it is the lead coordinating body among cultural institutions, empowered by virtue of
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 80, which placed the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the
National Historical Commission of the Philippines, the National Museum, the National
Library of the Philippines, and the National Archives of the Philippines under the NCCA
organizational umbrella.
- The NCCA is the overall policy-making, coordinating, and grants-giving agency for
the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine Arts and Culture.
- They also executes policies it formulates, and is tasked to administer the National
Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) – a permanent fund exclusively for
the implementation of culture and art programs and projects.
-Currently, the NCCA is headed by a 15-member Board of Commissioners, with
members coming from other agencies and offices such as the Department of Education,
Department of Tourism, the Senate, as well as the representatives from the private sector.
AFFILIATE AGENCIES
1. CULTURAL CENTER of the PHILIPPINES (CCP)
2. NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION of the PHILIPPINES (NHCP)
3. The NATIONAL MUSEUM (NM
4. NATIONAL LIBRARY ARCHIVES of the PHILIPPINES
5. The NATIONAL ARCHIVES of the PHILIPPINES
6. KOMISYON sa WIKANG FILIPINO (KWF)
These representatives comprise the NATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD, which
is divided into four sub-commissions - Sub-commission on the Arts, the Sub-
commission on Cultural Communities and Traditional Arts, the Sub-commission on
Cultural Dissemination, and the Sub-commission on Cultural Heritage. These
commissions are broken down into 19 committees divided by art forms and genre.
(refer on these 19 committees on the e-book, page 23)
 6 CULTURAL AGENCIES under NCCA
The CULTURAL CENTER of the PHILIPPINES (CCP or
SENTRONG PANGKULTURA ng PILIPINAS)
- it is mandated to promote excellence in the arts through the
initiation and implementation of activities that aim to improve and
elevate standards among cultural workers, artists, and audiences to
recognize the multiplicity and differences of aesthetic experiences and
standards encompassing the arts, from the grassroots to those
formulated by academy-trained artists.
-the activities the center engages in include, architecture, film and
broadcast, arts, dance, literature, music, new media, theatre, and
visual arts.
The NATIONAL MUSEUM (NM)
-This agency is tasked with the preservation, conservation and
protection of movable and immovable cultural properties for the
enjoyment of present and future generations.
-they offer publications, exhibitions, library services, seminar
workshops, among other activities.
- they takes the lead in the study and preservation of the nation’s rich
artistic, historical and cultural heritage in the reconstruction and
rebuilding of our nation’s past and veneration of the great pioneers who
helped in building our nation.
-Currently, the national network of the National Museum comprises
nineteen regional, branch, and site museums throughout the archipelago.
The NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION of the
PHILIPPINES (NHCP)
- it was created in 1972 as the NATIONAL HISTORICAL
INSTITUTE to integrate the diverse functions of various historical
agencies.
- by virtue of R.A. 10086, is responsible for the conservation and
preservation of the country’s historical legacies.
- Its major thrusts encompass an ambitious cultural program on
historical studies, curatorial works, architectural conservation,
Philippine Heraldry, historical information dissemination activities,
restoration and preservation of relics and memorabilia of heroes and
other renowned Filipinos.
 Exhibition, Display and Dissemination of Art
 Museums, Galleries, Auction Houses, and Private Collections are considered the
institutions of the art world.
 The “mouseion” of the Greeks laid the fundamental concept for a museum as a
place for education and enjoyment since its first creation on their society long ago.
 The first government museum in the Philippines was established under the
AMERICAN COLONIAL POLICY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION.
In 1901, the NATIONAL MUSEUM started as the INSULAR MUSEUM of
ETHNOLOGY, NATURAL HISTORY, and Commerce under the Department of
Public Instruction by virtue of Act 284 passed by the Philippine Commission.
- CLASSICISTS and MODERNISTS were the famous movement which
happened Modernism was gaining foothold in the country.
 Contemporary art forms have started to explore possibilities of engaging
audience outside the context of museum or gallery, or what some would
refer to as the “WHITE CUBE”
 “WHITE CUBE” – it is the term that originated from the manner in which
contemporary museums exhibit their collections on plain, usually white
walls in order to focus on a work on display. However, this idea tends to
alienate the work from the audience. This is a concern with contemporary
art where the interaction between the artist, audience and the work itself
with the context it moves in. This is where curator comes in
 CURATOR – they deal with the inside and outside of the gallery setting,
not only with the physical space for the exhibition and display of art works,
but also presents a framework in which the audience may view the work or
set of works.
( refer to page 26 of your e-book for the works of the curator)
 Support for the ARTS
 Section 15 of Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution establishes the role of the
Philippine government in supporting the arts and creative practices of the nation.

PRIVATE and CORPORATE PATRONAGE

-Art Patronage refers to the support that wealthy personalities and corporate entities bestow on
artists.
-”Patron” in Latin means ‘FATHER’, hence, a patron of the arts is one who ‘begets’ and
protects the arts. Often, they are persons of power and wealth, who commission art for their
homes or as a monuments after their deaths to further glory.
-Religious groups have funded the creation of great artworks and monumental cathedrals that
serve their beliefs.
- art is sometimes funded by private donations and corporate sponsorship.
 The Art Market
 It is composed of galleries, art collectors, museums, biennales, art fairs and art media which are
sustained by an economic system.
 When the Government service Insurance system (GSIS) paid P46 million for a 110-year-old Juan
Luna painting, it purchased at a 2002 auction in Hong Kong, it sent shockwaves in the art market.
Since then, a number of artworks painted by other Filipino artists, some of whom are still alive,
have been sold for tens of millions of pesos.
 Many artists today create art on speculation, which involves making art that they later try to sell,
wither through their own efforts, through agents, or through galleries. This is opposite of working
on commission, when artists make specific works for patrons.
 In the fine art market, artists make works to sell through commercial galleries. Gallery owners
take a 50 percent commission on all artworks that they sell.
 In auction houses, art that has been in private collections may be resold. Thus, auction houses
resell art that was already in the hands of collectors, or museums, artists do not directly benefit
from this.
 State Grants and Tax-Supported Art
GRANT – is a sum of money awarded to an artist by a government agency
or private corporation to enable him/her to produce art.
 The National Endowment fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA)
established by Section 20 of R.A. No. 7356 support Philippine Art and
culture programs and projects, allocates a portion of public funds for
artwork, subventions to art institutions, the organization of art events locally,
regionally or nationally.
 The NCCA is a grant-giving governrnent agency which administers the
NEFCA,. The NCCA, through NEFCA, provides financial assistance to
qualified individual artists and art organizations and local government units in
their artistic or cultural pursuits.
END OF THE CHAPTER 2
LESSON SUMMARY