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Solutions and Colligative Properties

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q.1 How many grams of H2SO4 are required to Q.11 State Raoults’ law for solutions of
prepare 250 ml of 0.2 molar solution? nonvolatile solute in volatile solvents. Derive a
mathematical expression for this law?
Q.2 A solution contains 23g of ethanol and 72g
of water. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol Q.12 What is the molarity of a 13% solution (by
and water. weight) of sulphuric acid? Its density is 1.020 g
cm–1 (Atomic masses : H = 1, O = 16, S = 32
Q.3 2.82 g glucose (mo. mass = 180) are
amu)
dissolved in 30g of H2O. Calculate the (i)
Molality of the solution (ii) Mole fraction of Q.13 What is the molar concentration of solute
glucose and water. particles in the human blood if the osmotic
pressure is 72 atm at the body temperature of
Q.4 Prove that the relative lowering of vapour
37ºC? (R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1)
pressure is equal to the mole fraction of non–
volatile solute in the solution. Q.14 Calculate the molar concentration of urea
solution if it exerts an osmotic pressure of 2.45
Q.5 What is the relation between elevation of
atm at 300K. (R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1)
boiling point and osmosis pressure?
Q.15 To 500 cm2 of water, 3.0 × 10–5 kg of
Q.6 One litre aqueous solution of sucrose
acetic acid is added. If 23% of acetic acid is
(molar mass = 342 g mol–1) weighing 1015 g is
dissociated, what will be the depression in
found to record an osmotic pressure of 4.85
freezing point? Kf and density of water are 1.86
atm at 293 K. What is the molality of the
K kg–1/mol and 0.997 g cm–1 respectively.
sucrose solution?
Q.16 How many ml of 0.1M HCl are required to
Q.7 A solution containing 12.5 g of a non-
react completely with 1g mixture of Na2CO3
electrolyte substance in 175 g of water gave a and NaHCO3 containing equimolar amount of
boiling point elevation of 0.70 K. Calculate the two?
molar mass of the substance. (Elevation
constant for water is Kb = 0.52 K kg mol–1) Q.17 The boiling point of benzene is 353.23K.
When 1.80g of a non–volatile solute was
Q.8 A solution of a non-volatile solute in water
dissolved in 90g of benzene, the boiling point
freezes at –30.0. The vapour pressure of pure is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass
water at 298 K is 23.51 mm Hg and Kf for water of the solute. Kb for benzene is 2.53K kg mol–1.
is 1.86 degree/mol. Calculate the vapour
pressure of this solution at 298 K. Q.18 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved
in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing point
Q.9 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at of benzene by 0.40K. The freezing point
25ºC is 639.7 mm Hg and the vapour pressure depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg
of a solution of non–volatile solute in benzene mol–1. Find the molecular mass of the solute.
at the same temperature is 631.9 mm Hg.
Calculate the mole fraction of the solute and Q.19 Calculate the mass of a non–volatile
the molality of the solution. (C = 12, H = 1) solute (mol mass = 40) which should be
dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour
Q.10 (i) What is osmotic pressure and how is it pressure to 80%.
reached to the molecular mass of a non–
volatile substance? Q.20 What is the relation between elevation in
(ii) What advantage the osmotic pressure boiling point and molar heat of vapourisation?
method has over the elevation of boiling point
Q.21 (a) The outer shells of two eggs are
method for determining molecular masses ?
removed. One of the egg is placed in pure
water and other is placed in saturated solution

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

of sodium chloride. What will be observed and Pacetone 0 549 110.1 202.4 322.7 405.9 454.1 521.1
Pchloroform 632.8 548.1 469.4 359.7 257.7 193.6 161.2 120.7
why?
(b)A decimolar solution of potassium Plot this data also on the same graph paper.
ferrocyanide. K4[Fe(CN)4] is 50% dissociated at Indicate whether it has positive deviation or
300K. Calculate osmotic pressure of the negative deviation from the ideal solution.
solution. [R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1]
Q.27 (a) Derive the relationship between
Q.22 Why do calculations based on lowering in relative lowering of vapour pressure and mole
freezing points of a solutions sometime give fraction of the volatile liquid.
abnormal molar mass value for solutes? How (b) (i) Benzoic acid completely dissolves in
may the equation for the related colligative benzene. What will be the vapour pressure of a
property be modified for substance exhibiting solution containing 61g of benzoic acid per
abnormal molar mass value? A solute contains 500g benzene when the vapour pressure of the
7.45g KCl per litre of solution. It has an osmotic pure benzene of the temperature of
pressure of 4.68 atm at 300K. Calculate the experiment is 66.6 torr?
degree of dissociation for KCl in this solution. (ii) What would have been the vapour pressure
in the absence of dissolution?
Q.23 0.6ml of acetic acid (CH3COOH) having
(iii) Derive a relationship between mole–
density 1.06 g mL–1, in dissolved in 1 litre of
fraction and vapour pressure of a component
water. The depression in freezing point
of an ideal solution in phase and vapour phase.
observed for this strength of acid was 0.0205ºC.
Calculate van’t Hoff factor and dissociation Q.28(a)Which solution has higher
constant of acid. concentration: 1 molar or 1 molal solution of
the same solute. Give reasons.
Q.24 Two elements A and B form compound
(b) 0.5 g Kcal was dissolved in 100g of water
having formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved in
and the solution originally at 20ºC, froze at –
20g of benzene (C6H6) 1g of AB2 lowers the
0.24ºC. Calculate the percentage ionization of
freezing point by 2.3 K whereas 1.0 g of AB4
salt. K per 1000g water = 1.86.
lowers by 1.3K. The molar depression constant
for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol–1. Calculate atomic Q.29 How will you explain Henry’s law in terms
masses of A and B. of Le Chatelier’s principle and Kinetic theory of
gases? or
Q.25 19.5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500g
State Henry’s law for the solubility of gases in
water. The depression in freezing point of water
liquid. Explain it in terms of Le Chatelier’s
observed is 1.0ºC. Calculate the van’t Hoff
theorem.
factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic
acid.

Q.26 Vapour pressure of pure acetone and

chloroform at 328K are 741.8 mm Hg and 632.8
mm Hg respectively. Assuming that they form
ideal solution over the entire range of
composition plot Ptotal , Pchloroform and pacetone as
a function of xacetone. The experimental data
observed for different compositon of mixture
as:

100 × 0 11.8 23.4 36.0 50.8 58.2 64.5 72.1

Xacetone

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

electrolyte A2B3 is 60% ionized. The boiling
Q.1 Mole fraction of A vapours above the
point of the solution at 1 atm is Kb(H2O) = 0.52 K
solution in mixture of A and B (XA = 0.4) will be
[Given:PA0 = 100 mm Hg and PB0 = 200 mm Hg] kg mol–1
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.8 (A) 274.76 K (B) 377 K
(C) 0.25 (D) none of these (C) 376.4 K (D) 374.76 K

Q.2 The exact mathematical expression of Q.9 The van’t Hoff factor for a dilute aqueous
Raoult’s law is solution of glucose is
P0  Ps P0  Ps N (A) zero (B) 1.0 (C) 1.5 (D) 2.0
(A) (B) 
P0 P0 n Q.10 The correct relationship between the
P  Ps n
0
P  Ps
0
boiling points of very dilute solution of AlCl3
(C)  (D)  nN
Ps N P0 (T1K) and CaCl2 (T2K) having the same molar
concentration is
Q.3 A mixture contains 1 mole of volatile liquid
(A) T1 = T2 (B) T1 > T2 (C) T2 < T1 (D) T2  T1
A (PA0 = 100 mm Hg) and 3 moles of volatile
liquid B (PB0 = 80 mm Hg). If solution behaves Q.11 A 0.001 molal solution of a complex [MA3]
ideally, the total pressure of the distillate is in water has the freezing point of –0.0054ºC.
(A) 85 mm Hg (B) 85.88 mm H Assuming 100% ionization of the complex salt
(C) 90 mm Hg (D) 92 mm Hg and Kf for H2O = 1.86 km–1, what the correct
representation for the complex
Q.4 Assuming each salt to be 90% dissociated,
(A) [MA8] (B) [MA7]A
which of the following will have highest boiling
(C) [MA6]A2 (D) [MA5]A3
point?
(A) Decimolar Al2(SO4)3 Q.12 The vapour pressure of a solution of a
(B) Decimolar BaCl2 non–volatile electrolyte B in a solvent A is 95%
(C) Decimolar Na2SO4 of the vapour pressure of the solvent at the
(D)A solution obtained by mixing equal same temperature. If the molecular weight of
volumes of (B) and (C) the solvent is 0.3 times the molecular weight of
solute, the weight ratio of the solvent and
Q.5 The vapour pressure of a solvent decreased
solute are
by 10 mm of Hg when a non–volatile solute was
(A) 0.15 (B) 5.7 (C) 0.2 (D) 4.0
added to the solvent. The mole fraction of
solute in solution is 0.2, what would be mole Q.13 The vapour pressure of a saturated
fraction of the solvent if decrease in vapour solution of sparingly soluble salt (XCl3) was
pressure is 20 mm of Hg. 17.20 mm Hg at 27ºC. If the vapour pressure of
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.4 (C) 0.6 (D) 0.8 pure H2O is 17.25 mm Hg at 300K, what is the
solubility of sparingly soluble salt XCl3 in
Q.6 Elevation of boiling point of 1 molar
mole/litre
aqueous glucose solution (density = 1.2 g/ml)
(A) 4.04 × 10–2 (B) 8.08 × 10–2
is
(C) 2.02 × 10–2 (D) 4.04 × 10–3
(A) Kb (B) 1.20 Kb (C) 1.02 Kb (D) 0.98 Kb
Q.14 At 300K, the vapour pressure of an ideal
Q.7 What will be the molecular weight of CaCl2
solution containing 3 mole of A and 2 mole of
determined in its aq. solution experimentally
B is 600 torr. At the same temperature, if 1.5
from depression of freezing point?
mole of A and 0.5 mole of C (non–volatile) are
(A) 111 (B) <111
added to this solution the vapour pressure of
(C) >111 (D) data insufficient
solution increases by 30 torr. What is the value
Q.8 1.0 molal aqueous solution of an of PB0?
(A) 940 (B) 405
(C) 90 (D) none of these

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

Q.15 The freezing point depression of a 0.1 M vapour pressure in pure state PA0 and PB0 are
aq. solution of weak acid (HX) is –0.20ºC. What mixed in mole reaction A and B to get a
is the value of equilibrium constant for the mixture having total vapour pressure of
reaction? mixture PM. Which of the following relation are
HX(aq) 1H+ (aq) + X– (aq) correct?
[Given: Kf for water = 1.8 kg mol–1 K and P P 0  P
Molality = Molarity] (A)  A  M0 B 0 (B) A( )  M0
PA  PB  'A(V ) PA
(A) 1.45 × 10–4 (B) 1.35 × 10–3
(C) 1.21 × 10–2 (D) 1.35 × 10–4  A( PM
(C) )
 (D) All of these
 'A(V ) PB0
Q.16 What is the following plots represents an
ideal binary mixture? Q.23Which relations are not correct for
(A) Plot of Ptotal v/s 1/XB is linear (XB = mole aqueous dilute solution of K3PO4 if its degree
fraction of ‘B’ in liquid phase) of dissociation is ?
(B) Plot of Ptotal v/s YA is linear (YB = mole P Molality  18  (1  3 )
(A) 
fraction of ‘A’ in vapour phase) Pº 1000
1 P obs  18  (1  3 )
(C) Plot of v/s YA is linear (B) 
Ptotal Pº RT  1000
1 P Tf obs  18
(D) Plot of v/s YB is non–linear (C) 
Ptotal Pº K f  1000
Q.17 Two liquids A and B form an ideal (D) Mw of K2PO4 = Mwobs × (1 + 3)
solution. What is the vapour pressure of Q.24 Which of the following is/are true?
solution containing 2 moles of A and 3 moles (A) For the same solution, elevation in boiling
of at 300K? Vapour pressure of pure liquid A point = depression in freezing point
(PA0) = 100 torr, Vapour pressure of pure liquid (B) The Van’t Hoff factor for a dilute solution of
B (PB0) = 300 torr/ BaCl2.
(A) 200 torr (B) 140 torr (C) The elevation in boiling point is due to
(C) 180 torr (D) None of these increase in vapour pressure.
Q.18 The van’t Hoff factor for 1.0 M Ba(NO3)2 (D) The depression in freezing point is due to
solution is 2.74. The degree of dissociation is decrease in vapour pressure.
(A) 91.3% (B) 87% (C) 100% (D) 74% Q.25 Which pairs of liquids on mixing is/are
Q.19 The vapour pressure of an aqueous expected to show no net volume change and
solution is found to be 750 torr at certain no heat effect?
temperature T. If T is the temperature at which (A) Acetone and ethanol
pure water boils under atmospheric pressure (B) Chloro benzene and bromo benzene
and same solution show elevation in boiling (C) Chloroform and benzene
point Tb = 1.04 K, find the atmospheric (D) n–Butyl chloride and n–butyl bromide
pressure (Kb = 0. 52 K kg mol–1) Q.26Statement–1: The freezing of water is an
(A) 777 (B) 779 (C) 782 (D) 746 endothermic process.
Q.20Which of the following gases are highly Statement–2: Heat must be removed from the
soluble in water water to make it freeze.
(A) HCl (B) SO2 (C) NH3 (D) H2 (A) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is true and
statement–2 is correct explanation for
Q.21 Which of the following would be equal to statement–1.
zero when the liquid pairs form an ideal (B) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is true and
solution. statement–2 is NOT the correct explanation for
(A) H (B) S (C) G (D) V statement–1.
Q.22Two miscible liquids A and B having (C) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is false.
(D) Statement–1 is false, statement–2 is true

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.1 The Henry’s law constant for the solubility Q.8 6.02 × 1020 molecules of urea are present
of N2 gas in water at 298 K in 1.0 × 105 atm. The in 100 ml of its solution. The concentration of
mole fraction of N2 in air is 0.8. The number of urea solution is
moles of N2 from air dissolved in 10 moles of (AIEEE 2004)
water at 298 K and 5 atm pressure is (A) 0.02 M (B) 0.01 M
[JEE Main 2009] (C) 0.001 M (D) 0.1 M
–4
(A) 4.0 × 10 (B) 4.0 × 10–5 [Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1]
–4
(C) 5.0 × 10 (D) 4.0 × 10–6
Q.9 To neutralize completely 20mL of 0.1 M
Q.2 The normality of 0.3 M phosphorus acid
aqueous solution of phosphorus acid
(H3PO3) is [IIT JEE 1999; AIIMS 200]
(H3PO3), the volume of 0.1M aqueous KOH
(A) 0.1 (B) 0. 9 (C) 0.3 (D) 0.6
solution required is (AIEEE 2004)
Q.3 With increase of temperature, which of (A) 40 mL (B) 20 mL
these changes [AIEEE 2002] (C) 10 mL (D) 60 mL
(A) Molality
(B) Weight fraction of solute Q.10 A 5.2 molal aqueous solution of methyl
(C) Fraction of solute present in water alcohol, CH3OH, is supplied. What is the mole
(D) Mole fraction fraction of methyl alcohol in the solution
(AIEEE 2011)
Q.4 25 ml of a solution of barium hydroxide on
(A) 0.100 (B) 0.190
titration with a 0.1 molar solution of
(C) 0.086 (D) 0.050
hydrochloric acid gave litre value of 35 ml. The
molality of barium hydroxide solution was Q.11 The density of solution prepared by
[AIEEE 2003] dissolving 120 g of urea (mol mass = 60 u) in
(A) 0.07 (B) 0.14 (C) 0.28 (D) 0.35 1000g water is 1.15 g/mL. The molarity of this
Q.5 Which of the following moles of expressing solution is (AIEEE 2012)
concentration is independent of temperature? (A) 0.50 M (B) 1.78 M
[IIT JEE 1988; CBSE PMT 1992, 95; MP PMT (C) 1.02 M (D) 2.05 M
1992; CPMT 1999; AIIMS 1997, 2001]
Q.12 Equimolar solutions in the same solvent
(A) Molarity (B) Molality
have (AIEEE 2005)
(C) Formality (D) Normality
(A) Same boiling point but different freezing
Q.6 Two solutions of a substance (non- point
electrolyte) are mixed in the following manner (B) Same freezing point but different boiling
480 ml of 1.5M first solution + 520 mL of 1.2 M point
second solution. What is the molarity of the (C) Same boiling and same freezing point
final mixture [AIEEE 2005] (D) Different boiling and different freezing
(A) 1.20 M (B) 1.50 M point
(C) 1.344 M (D) 2.70 M
Q.13 Two liquids X and Y form an ideal
Q.7 Increasing the temperature of an solution. At 300K, vapour pressure of the
aqueous solution will cause solution containing 1 mol of X and 3 moles of
[IIT Screening 1993] Y is 550 mm Hg. At the same temperature, if 1
(A) Decrease in molality mol of Y is further added to this solution,
(B) Decrease in molarity vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10
(C) Decrease in mole fraction mm Hg. Vapour pressure (in mm Hg) of X and
(D) Decrease in %w/w

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

Y in their pure states will be respectively Q.20 The degree of dissociation () of a weak
(AIEEE 2009) electrolyte, AxBy is related to van’t Hoff factor (i)
(A) 200 and 300 (B) 300 and 400 by the expression (AIEEE 2011)
(C) 400 and 600 (D) 500 and 600
Q.14 The vapour pressure of water at 20ºC is i1 i 1
(A)   (B)  
17.5 mm Hg. If 18g of glucose (C6H12O6) is (x  y  1) x  y 1
added to 178.2 g of water at 20ºC the vapour x  y 1 x  y 1
(C)   (D)  
pressure of the resulting solution will be i1 i1
(AIEEE 2005)
(A) 15.750 mm Hg (B) 16.500 mm Hg
(C) 17.325 mm Hg (D) 17.675 mm Hg

Q.15 A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl

alcohol has a vapour pressure of 290 mm at
300K. The vapour pressure of propyl alcohol is
200 mm. If the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol is
0.6, its vapour pressure (in mm) at the same
temperature will be (AIEEE 2007)
(A) 350 (B) 300
(C) 700 (D) 360

Q.16 Which of the following liquid pair shows

a positive deviation from Raoult’s law
(MP PET 1993; UPSEAT 2001; AIEEE 2004)
(A) Water–nitric acid
(B) Benzene–methanol
(C) Water–hydrochloric acid
(D) Acetone–chloroform

Q.17 A 5.25% solution of a substance is

isotonic with 1.5% solution of urea (molar mass
= 60g mol–1) in the same solvent. If the
densities of both the solutions are assumed to
be equal to 1.0 g cm–3, molar mass of the
substance will be (AIEEE 2007)
–1
(A) 90.0 g mol (B) 115.0 g mol–1
–1
(C) 105.0 g mol (D) 210.0 g mol–1

Q.18 Value of gas constant R is

(AIEEE 2002)
(A) 0.082 litre atm (B) 0.987 cal mol–1K–1
(C) 8.3 J mol–1 K–1 (D) 83 erg mol–1 K–1

Q.19 During depression of freezing point in a

solution the following are in equilibrium
(IIT Screening 2003; EAMCET 2009)
(A) Liquid solvent, solid solvent
(B) Liquid solvent, solid solute
(C) Liquid solute, solid solute
(D) Liquid solute, solid solvent

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 At 25ºC, the vapour pressure of methyl Q.10 Find the freezing point of a glucose
alcohol is 96.0 torr. What is the mole fraction of solution whose osmotic pressure at 25ºC is
CH3OH in a solution in which the (partial) found to be 30 atm. Kf(water) = 1.86 kg/mol K.
vapour pressure of CH3OH is 23.0 torr at 25ºC?
Q.11 The vapour pressure of an aqueous
Q.2 The vapour pressure of pure liquid solvent solution of glucose is 750 mm Hg at 373K.
A is 0.80 atm. When a non–volatile substance B Calculate molality and mole fraction of solute.
is added to the solvent its vapour pressure
drops to 0.60 atm. What is the mole fraction of
Q.12 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at
components B in the solution? 25ºC is 639.7 mm of Hg and the vapour
pressure of a solution of a solute in C6H6 at the
Q.3 The vapour pressure of pure water at 26ºC same temperature is 631.7mm of Hg. Calculate
is 25.21 torr. What is the vapour pressure of a molality of solution.
solution which contains 20.0 glucose, C4H12O6,
in 70g water?
Q.13 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a
certain temperature is 640 mm of Hg. A
Q.4 The vapour pressure of pure water at 25ºC nonvolatile non-electrolyte solid weighing
is 23.76 torr. The vapour pressure of a solution 2.175 g is added to 39.0 of benzene. The
containing 5.40 g of a non–volatile substance vapour pressure of the solution is 600 mm of
in 90.0g water is 23.32 torr. Compute the Hg. What is molecular weight of solid
molecular weight of the solute. substance?

Q.5 What weight of the non–volatile solute, Q.14 The vapour pressure of water is 17.54 mm
urea needs to be dissolved in 100g of water, in Hg at 293 K. Calculate vapour pressure of 0.5
order to decrease the vapour pressure of water molal solution of a solute in it.
by 25%? What will be the molality of the
Q.15 Benzene and toluene form two ideal
solution?
solutions A and B at 313K. Solution A (total
Q.6 When 10.6 g of a non–volatile substance is pressure PA) contains equal moles of toluene
dissolved in 740g of ether, its boiling point is and benzene. Solution B contain equal masses
raised 0.284ºC. What is the molecular weight of of both (total pressure PB). The vapour pressure
the substance? Molal boiling point constant for of benzene and toluene are 160 and 60 mm Hg
ether is 2.11ºC kg/mol. respectively at 313K. Calculate the value of
PA/PB.
Q.7 A solution containing 3.24 of a nonvolatile
nonelectrolyte and 200g of water boils at Q.16 Sea water is found to contain 5.85% NaCl
100.130ºC at 1atm. What is the molecular and 9.50% MgCl by weight of solution.
weight of the solute? (Kb for water 0.513ºC/m). Calculate its normal boiling point assuming
80% ionization for NaCl and 50% ionization of
Q.8 The molecular weight of an organic
MgCl2 [K2(H2O) = 0.51 kg mol–1 K].
compound is 58.0 g/mol. Compute the boiling
point of a solution containing 24.0 g of the Q.17 The latent heat of fusion of ice is 80
solute and 600g of water, when the barometric calories per gram at 0ºC. What is the freezing
pressure is such that pure water boils at point of a solution of KCl in water containing
99.725ºC. 7.45 grams of solute in 500 grams of water,
assuming that the salt is dissociated to the
Q.9 An aqueous solution of a non–volatile
external of 95%?
solute boils at 100.17ºC. At what temperature
will this solution freeze? [Kf for water 1.86ºC/m] Q.18 A complex is represented as CoCl3 · xNH3.
Its 0.1 molal solution in aq. solution shows Tf
= 0.558ºC. Kf for H2O is 1.86 K mol–1 kg.

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

Assuming 100% ionization of complex and of the acid. The boiling point and Kb of CS2 are
coordination no. of Co is six, calculate formula 46.2ºC and 2.3 K kg mol–1, respectively.
of complex.
Q.27 At 25ºC, 1 mol of A having a vapour
Q.19 The molar volume of liquid benzene pressure of 100 torr and 1 mol of B having a
(density = 0.877 g ml–1) increases by a factor of vapour pressure of 300 torr were mixed. The
2750 as it vaporizes at 20ºC and that of liquid vapour at equilibrium is removed, condensed
toluene (density = 0.867 ml–1) increases by a and the condensate is heated back to 25ºC. The
factor of 7720 at 20ºC. Solution of benzene and vapours now formed are again removed,
toluene has a vapour pressure of 46.0 torr. Find recondensed and analysed. What in the mole
the mole fraction of benzene in vapour above fraction of A in this condensate?
the solution.
Q.28 Phenol associates in benzene to a certain
Q.20 At 100ºC, benzene and toluene have extent to form a dimer. A solution containing
vapour pressure of 1375 and 558 torr 20 × 10–3 kg phenol in 1kg of benzene has its
respectively. Assuming these two form an ideal freezing point depressed by 0.69K. Calculate
binary solution, calculate the composition of the fraction of phenol that has dimerised K for
the solution that boils at 1 atm and 100ºC. benzene = 5.12 kg mol–1 K.
What is the composition of vapour issuing at
Q.29 30 ml of CH3OH (d = 0.7980 gm cm–3) and
these conditions?
70 ml of H2O (d = 0.9984 gm cm–3) are mixed
Q.21 At 300K, the solution of glucose in water at 25ºC to form a solution of density 0.9575 gm
of concentration 0.01 M and 0.001M are cm–3. Calculate the freezing point of the
separated by semipermeable membrane. solution. Kf (H2O) is 1.86 kg mol–1 K. Also
Pressure needs to be applied on which calculate its molarity.
solution, to prevent osmosis? Calculate the
magnitude of this applied pressure.

Q.22 At 10ºC, the osmotic pressure of urea

solution is 500mm. The solution is diluted and
the temperature is raised to 25ºC, when the
osmotic pressure is found to be 105.3 mm.
Determine extent of dilution.

Q.23 The freezing point of a solution

containing 0.2g of acetic acid in 20.0 g of
benzene is lowered by 0.45ºC. Calculate the
degree of association of acetic acid in benzene.

Q.24 0.85% aqueous solution of NaNO3 is

apparently 90% dissociated at 27ºC. Calculate
its osmotic pressure. (R = 0.082 l atm K–1 mol–
1
).

Q.25 A 1.2% solution (w/v) of NaCl is isotonic

with 7.2% solution (w/v) of glucose. Calculate
degree of ionization and Van’t Hoff factor of
NaCl.

Q.26 Calculate the boiling point of a solution

containing 0.61g of benzoic acid in 50g of
carbon disulphide assuming 84% dimerization

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 For an ideal binary liquid solution with PA0 (A) Xbenzene = 0.5 and Ytoluene = 0. 2
> PB0, which relation between XA (mole fraction (B) Xtoluene = 0.3 and Ybenzene = 0. 6
of A in liquid phase) and YA (mole fraction of A (C) Xbenzene = 0.3 and Ytoluene = 0. 4
in vapour phase) is correct? (D) Xbenzene = 0.7 and Ytoluene < 0. 3
(A) YA < YB (B) XA > XB
YA X A YA X A
Q.6 Which of the following represent correctly
(C)  (D)  the changes in thermodynamic properties
YB XB YB XB
during the formation of 1 mol of an ideal binary
Q.2 Which of the following aqueous solution solution
+ Gmin
will show maximum vapour pressure at 300K? TSmin
–1
(A) 1 M NaCl (B) 1 M CaCl2 J mol 0
– Hmin
(C) 1 M AlCl3 (D) 1 M C12H22O11
(A) Mole fraction
+
Q.3 At a given temperature, total vapour Gmin
Hmin
pressure in Torr of a mixture of volatile –1
J mol 0
TSmin
components A and B is given by –

PTotal = 120 – 75XB hence, vapour pressure of (B) Mole fraction

+ TSmin
pure A and B respectively (in Torr) are Hmin
–1
J mol 0
(A) 120, 75 (B) 120, 95
– Gmin
(C) 120, 45 (D) 75, 45
(C) Mole fraction
+
Q.4 A liquid mixture TSmin
Gmin
having composition
–1
J mol 0
z
– Hmin
corresponding to point
z in the figure shown in Temp (D) Mole fraction

subjected to distillation Q.7 FeCl3 on reaction with K4[Fe(CN)6] in

at constant pressure. x =0 mole x =1
A A
aqueous solution given blue colour. These are
Which of the following y =0 fraction y =1
A A
separated by a semipermeable membrane AB
statement is correct about the process as shown. Due to osmosis there is
(A) The composition of distillate differs from 0.1M 0.01M
K4Fe(CN) 6 FeCl 3
the mixture
(B) The boiling point goes on changing Side x Side y
(C) The mixture has highest vapour pressure
5PM
than for any other composition
(A) blue colour formation in side X
(D) Composition of an azeotrope alters on
(B) blue colour formation in side Y
changing the external pressure
(C) blue colour formation in both of the sides X
Q.5 The following graph represents variation of and Y
boiling point with composition of liquid and (D) no blue colour formation
vapour of binary liquid mixture. The graph is
Q.8 Acetone and carbon disulphide form
plotted at constant pressure. Which of the
binary liquid solution showing positive
following statement(s) is incorrect. Here X and
deviation from Raoult’s law. The normal boiling
Y stands for mole fraction in liquid and vapour
point (Tb) of pure acetone is less than that of
phase respectively
pure CS2. Pick out the incorrect statement
among the following
Boiling point

(A) Boiling temperature of mixture is always

less than boiling temperature of acetone
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

xbenzene = 1 xtoluene = 1

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

(B) Boiling temperature of Azetropic mixture is Statement–2: Heat must be removed from the
always less than boiling temperature of water to make it freeze.
acetone (A) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is true and
(C) When a small amount of CS2 (less volatile statement–2 is correct explanation for
component) is added to excess of acetone statement–1
boiling point of resulting mixture increases (B) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is true and
(D) A mixture of CS2 and CH3COCH3 can be statement–2 is NOT the correct explanation for
completely separated by simple fractional statement–1
distillation. (C) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is false.
(D) Statement–1 is false, statement–2 is true
Q.9 Which of the following would be equal to
zero when the liquid pairs form an ideal Comprehension 2 :
solution The various relations between colligative
(A) H (B) S (C) G (D) V properties and molecular mass are applicable
only to solutions of non–electrolytes and in
Q.10 For a non–volatile solute dilute solutions. Out of various colligative
(A) The vapour pressure of solute is zero properties osmotic pressure measurement is
(B)Vapour pressure of solution = Vapour especially suitable for the determination of
pressure of pure solvent molecular masses of proteins whereas freezing
(C)Vapour pressure of solution = Vapour point depression and other colligative
pressure of solvent in solution properties are too small. Certain solutes which
(D) All of the above dissociate or associate in solution affect the
Q.11A difference between diffusion and colligative property and hence molecular mass
osmosis is determination also. In case of association
(A) A semipermeable membrane is required for observed molecular mass is more than normal
osmosis while diffusion requires no the correction factor i < 1. For dissociation of
semipermeable membrane solute i > 1 and observed molecular mass is less
(B) In osmosis movement of molecules is only than the normal molecular mass
in one direction whereas in diffusion Q.14 Which of the following 0.1 m aqueous
movement is on both sides solution will have the lowest freezing point?
(C) In osmosis only the solvent moves while in (A) Al2(SO4)3 (B) C6H12O6
diffusion both solute and solvent move (C) KI (D) C12H22O11
(D) None of the above
Q.15 Correction factor for 0.1M ideal solution
Q.12 Which of the following statement is/are is
correct? (A) 0.1 (B) 1 (C) 0.01 (D) 2 > 1
(A) The freezing point of water is depressed by
the addition of glucose Q.16 The Van’t Hoff factor for 0.1M Ba(NO3)2
(B) The degree of dissociation of a weak solution is 2.74. The degree of dissociation is
electrolyte decrease as its concentration (A) 91.3% (B) 87% (C) 100% (D) 74%
decreases
Q.17 Which one of the following statements
(C) Energy is released when a substance
gives below concerning properties of a solution
dissolves in water provided that the hydration
describe a colligative effect?
energy of the substance is more than its lattice
(A) Boiling point of pure water increase by
energy
addition of EtOH
(D) If two liquids that form an ideal solution are
(B) Vapour pressure of pure water decrease by
mixed, the change in entropy is positive
addition of HNO3
Q.13 Statement–1: Addition of ethylene glycol (C) Vapour pressure of pure benzene decrease
(non–volatile) to water lowers the freezing by addition of naphthalene
point of water hence used as antifreezing

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

(D) Boiling point of pure benzene increase by

addition of toluene

Q.18 After adding a solute, freezing point of

water decreases to –0.186ºC. What is the value
of T? (kb = 0.521; kf = 1.86)
(A) 0.521 (B) 0.0521
(C) 1.86 (D) 0.0186

Match the column

Q.19 PA = partial pressure of components A in
liquid mixture. PA0 = vapour pressure of A, A =
mole fraction of A in liquid
Column I Column II
(A) C2H5OH + H2O (P) Azeotropic
mixture
(B) C2H2Br + C2H5I (Q) Obeys Raoult’s
law
(C) pA = APA0 (R) Non–ideal
solution with
positive deviation
(D) H2O + H2SO4 (S) Non–ideal
solution with
negative deviation
(T) Ideal solution

Q.20 Match the following

Column I Column II
(A) Urea, glucose, (P) 1 : 0.8 : 1
fructose
(B) NaCl, MgCl2.K2SO4 (Q) 1 : 2 : 1
(C) Al2(SO4)3, Na3PO4, (R) 1 : 1 : 1
Kr[Fe(CN)6]
(D) Glucose, NaCl, (S) 2 : 3 : 3
CaCl2

Q.21
Column I Column II
(A) ppm (P) Van’t Hoff factor
(B) Tb (Q) Molal depression
(C) Kf (R) Elevation in boiling point
Mass of solute
(D) i (S)  106
Mass of solution

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 An azeotropic solution of two liquids has Boiling point elevation constant of water
boiling point lower than either of them when it (kfethanol) = 1.2 K kg mol–1
(1981) Standard freezing point of water = 273 K
(A) shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law Standard freezing point of ethanol = 155.7 K
(B) shows no deviation from Raoult’s law Standard boiling point of water = 373 K
(C) shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law Standard boiling point of ethanol = 351.5 K
(D) is saturated Vapour pressure of pure water=32.8 mm Hg
Vapour pressure of pure ethanol = 40 mm Hg
Q.2 Which of the following 0.1M aqueous Molecular weight of water = 18 g mol–1
solution will have the lowest freezing point? Molecular weight of ethanol = 46 g mol–1
(1989) In answering the following questions, consider
(A) Potassium sulphate (B) Sodium chloride the solution to be ideal dilute solution and
(C) Urea (D) Glucose solute to be non–volatile and non–dissociative.
Q.3 During depression of freezing point in a (2008)
solution the following are in equilibrium Q.5 The freezing point of the solution M is
(2003) (A) 268.7 K (B) 268.5 K
(A) liquid solvent, solid solvent (C) 234.2 K (D) 150.9 K
(B) liquid solvent, solid solute
(C) liquid solute, solid solute Q.6 The vapour pressure of the solution M is
(D) liquid solute, solid solvent (A) 39.3 mm Hg (B) 36.0 mm Hg
(C) 29.6 mm Hg (D) 28.8 mm Hg
Q.4 The freezing point (in ºC) of solution
containing 0.1 g of K3[Fe(CN6)] (mol. wt. 329) in Q.7 Water is added to the solution M such that
100 g of water (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1) is the mole fraction of water in the solution
(2011) becomes 0.9. The boiling point of this solution
(A) –2.3 × 10–2 (B) –5.7 × 10–2 is
(C) –5.7 × 10–3 (D) –1.2 × 10–2 (A) 380.4 K (B) 376.2 K
(C) 375.5 K (D) 354.7 K
Comprehension 3
Properties such as boiling point, freezing point Q.8 Following statement is true only under
and vapour pressure of a pure solvent change some specific conditions. Write the condition,
when solute molecules are added to get for it “Two volatile and miscible liquids can be
homogeneous solution. These are called separated by fractional distillation into pure
colligative properties. Applications of components”.
colligative properties are very useful in day–
Q.9 An organic compound (CxH2yOy) was burnt
today life. One of its examples is the use of
with twice the amount of oxygen needed for
ethylene glycol and water mixture as anti–
complete combustion to CO2 and H2O. The hot
freezing liquid in the radiator of automobiles.
gases when cooled to 0ºC and 1 atm pressure,
A solution M is prepared by mixing ethanol and
measured 2.24 L. The water collected during
water. The mole fraction of ethanol in the
cooling weigh 0.9g. The vapour pressure of
mixture is 0.9.
pure water at 20ºC is 17.5 mm Hg and is
Given, freezing point depression constant of
lowered by 0.104 mm when 50g of the organic
water (kfwater) = 1.86 K kg mol–1
compound are dissolved in 1000g of water.
freezing point depression constant of ethanol
Give the molecular formula of the organic
(kfethanol) = 2.0 K kg mol–1
compound. (1983)
Boiling point elevation constant of water
(kbwater) = 0.52 K kg mol–1 Q.10 The vapour pressure of ethanol and
methanol are 44.5 and 88.7 mm Hg

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

respectively. An ideal solution is formed at the polymerization and ideal behavior for the final
same temperature by the mixing 60g of solution. (2001)
ethanol with 40g of methanol. Calculate the
total vapour pressure of the solution and the Q.15 Consider the three solvents of identical
mole fraction of methanol in the vapour. molar masses. Match their boiling point with
(1986) their kb values (2003)
Solvents Boiling point kb values
Q.11 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a X 100ºC 0.92
certain temperature is 640 mm Hg. A non– Y 27ºC 0.63
volatile, non–electrolyte solid weighing 2.175 g Z 283ºC 0.53
is added to 39.0 g of benzene. The vapour
pressure of solution is 600 mm Hg. What is the
molecular weight of the solid substance?
(1990)

Q.12 The degree of dissociation of Ca (NO3)2 in

a dilute aqueous solution, containing 7.0g of
the salt per 100g of water at 100ºC is 70%. If
the vapour–pressure of water at 100ºC is 760
mm, calculate the vapour pressure of the
solution. (1991)

Q.13 Nitrobenzene is formed as the major

product along with a minor product in the
reaction of benzene with a hot mixture of nitric
acid and sulphuric acid. The minor product
consists of carbon : 42.86%, hydrogen : 2.40%,
nitrogen : 16.67% and oxygen : 38.07%,
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the minor
product.
(ii) When 5.5g of the minor product is dissolved
in 45g of benzene, the boiling point of the
solution is 1.84ºC higher than that of pure
benzene. Calculate the molar mass of the minor
product then determine its molecular and
structural formula. (Molal boiling point
elevation constant of benzene is 2.53 K kg mol–
1
). (1999)

Q.14 The vapour pressure of two miscible

liquids (A) and (B) are 300 and 500 mm of Hg
respectively. In a flask 10 moles of (A) is mixed
with 12 moles of (B). However, as soon as (B) is
added, (A) starts polymerizing into a
completely insoluble solid. The polymerization
follows first order kinetic. After 100min, 0.525
mole of a solute is dissolved which arrests the
polymerization completely. The final vapour
pressure of the solution is 400 mm of Hg.
Estimate the rate constant of the

20.13
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

PLANCESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q.2 Q.4 Q.9 Q.14 Q.21 Q.27 Q.29

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.2 Q.4 Q.14 Q.17 Q.22 Q.24

PREVIOUS YEARS MAIN

Q.6 Q.9 Q.11 Q.16 Q.17

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.4 Q.10 Q.16 Q.20 Q.21 Q.25

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.6 Q.7 Q.12 Q.18 Q.21

PREVIOUS YEARS ADVANCED

Q.1 Q.13

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
Q.1 4.9 gm Q.2 0.89 Q.3 (i) 0.52m, (ii) 0.99

Q.6 0.2121 m Q.7 53.06g mol–1 Q.8 23.44 mm Hg

Q.9 0.988; 0.156 m Q.12 1.35 mol/litre; 1.52 mol/kg

Q.13 0.283 mol L–1 Q.14 0.099 mol L–1 Q.15 0.23 K

Q.16 158.9 ml of 0.1 M HCl Q.17 57.5 g mol–1 Q.18 256 g mol–1

Q.19 10 g Q.21 (b) 7.389 atm

Q.22 degree of dissociation = 90% Q.23 18.6 × 10–4

Q.24 Atomic mass of A = 25.59; B = 42.64

Q.25 1.0753; 30.68 × 10–4 Q.28 (b) 92%

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.1 C Q.2 C Q.3 A A.4 A Q.5 C Q.6 D Q.7 B Q.8 D
Q.9 B Q.10 B Q.11 C A.12 B Q.13 A Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 C
Q.17 D Q.18 B Q.19 A Q.20 A, B,C Q.21 A, D Q.22 A, B Q.23 A, C, D
Q.24 B, D Q.25 B, D Q.26 D

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 A Q.5 B Q.6 C Q.7 B
Q.8 B Q.9 A Q.10 C Q.11 D Q.12 C Q.13 C Q.14 C
Q.15 A Q.16 B Q.17 D Q.18 C Q.19 A Q.20 A

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 0.24 Q.2 0.25 Q.3 24.5 torr Q.4 57.24 g/mol
Q.5 111.1 g, 18.52 molal Q.6 106 g/molal Q.7 64.0 g/mol
Q.8 100.079ºC Q.9 –0.62ºC Q.10 T = -2.28ºC Q.11 0.741m, 0.013
Q.12 0.162 m Q.13. 65.25 Q.14 17.38 Q.15 0.964
Q.16 Tb = 101.9ºC Q.17 Tf = –0.73ºC Q.18 [Co(NH3)Cl]Cl2 Q.19 0.73
Q.20 xB = 0.2472, yb = 0.4473
Q.21 P = 0.2217 atm should be applied Q.22 (Vtotal = 5.Voriginal)

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

Q.23 94.5% Q.24 4.64 atm Q.25 0.95; 1.95 Q.26 46.33ºC
Q.27 x = 0.1 Q.28 a = 0.7333 Q.29 –19.91ºC, 7.63M

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 B Q.6 C Q.7 D Q.8 A,C,D

Q.9 A,D Q.10 A,C Q.11 A,B,C Q.12 A,C,D Q.13C Q.14 A Q.15 B Q.16 B
Q.17 C Q.18 B Q.19 A–P,R; B–Q,T; C–Q,T; D–P, S Q.20 A–R; B–S; C–P; D–Q
Q.21 A–S; B–R; C–Q; D–P

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 A Q.4 A Q.5 D

Q.6 A Q.7 B Q.8 Condition Q.9 C5H10O11 Q.10 0.657

Q.11 65.25 Q.12 746.32 Q.13 168 Q.14 1.005 × 10–4 min–1
Q.15 subjective

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE – I JEE MAIN
Sol.1 we have = 0.201  1 = 0.201
Molecular mass of H2SO 4  98g Weight of solvent = 1015  68.95g  946.04g
Let weight be w 0.201
 molality =  1000
w 946.04
Then moles n 
98 molality = 0.2121m
n
Now  0.2 Sol.7 we have
V
w  1000  Tb  k b m
 0.2
98  250  Tb 0.7
 m = ; m  1.346m
w = 4.9 g kb 0.52

Sol.2 molecular wt of ethanol = 46 gm n

m
23 ws
Moles of ethanol n1   0.5
46 n  1.346 | 75 |1000 ; n  0.235
Molecular mass of water = 18 gm w
n
72 m
Moles of water, n2  4
18 w 12.5
 M =
n1 0.5 n 0.235
Xe    0.11
n1  n2 4  0.5 M  53.06g
n2 4
Xw    0.89 Sol.8 We have,
n1  n2 4  0.5
 Tf  0.30 C  k f m
2.82 0.3
Sol.3 moles of glucose, n1   0.0152 m  0.161m
180 1.86
n  1000 0.0156 Now we have,
(i)Molality = = 1  1000  0.52 P0  P
30 30  Xa
30 P0
(ii)moles of water, n2   1.66
18 n n
m  ws 
0.0152 ws m
Xg   0.01
0.0152  1.66 ws n
Xw 1  Xg  0.99 ns  
Ms Ms
n n 1 1
Sol.5  Tb  kb m Xa    =
ns  n n 1 1
 CR T  n 1 1
mMs mMs 18  0.161
 CR T n RT 1000
  = RT. ws = .
 Tb kbm Vk b .n kb s X a  2.88  10 3

RTs Now, P0  23.51mmHg

  T0
kb
23.51  P
 2.88  103
Sol.6 We have, 23.51
  CR T  P  23.44mmHg

 4.85 P0  P
 C  = 0.201m
RT 0.0821  293 Sol.9 Xa 
P0
Weight of solvent of solute

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

639.7  631.9  7.2

 1.22  102 C 
639.7 RT 0.0821  310
Also, from previous question. ( T = 370 C  310K )
1 C  0.283M
Xa  , Ms  78g
1
1
mMs Sol.14   CR T
1 1  2.45
1  C =
mM X a
s RT 0.0821  300
 C  0.099M
1 1 1  Xa
  1
mM Xa
s
Xa Sol.15 We have,
Xa CH3 COOH CH3 COO   H
mMs 
1  Xa n  2,   0.23
Xa i  1  (n  1) 
m
(1  Xa ).Ms = 1  0.23  1.23
Putting value … m  0.156m 3  103
Now, n   0.05
60  103
Sol.10 (i) Osmotic pressure is the excess
Mass of water = Vs
pressure which must be applied to a given
= 500  0.997
solution in order to increase it’s vapour
= 498.5gm
pressure until it becomes equal to that of the
solution. 0.05  1000
m
wR T 498.5
M0  ; w = weight of solute m  0.1
V
  Tf  i m k f
 = osmotic pressure
(ii)Osmotic pressure has a relatively large = 1.23  0.1  1.86
magnitude and is easy to measure compared to  Tf  0.23k
 Tb .
Sol.16 Let moles of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 be n
Sol.12 For every 1 kg of solution, each and wt. of NaHCO3 be x then,
13 x 1x
wt.of H2SO4   1000  130g 
100 84 104
130  x  0.446g
moles , n   1.326
98 x
Wt. of solvent = 870g Then, n   5.32  103
84
1 1000 Now, moles of HCl=moles of
Volume of soln  
s 1.020 NaHCO3  2(molesof Na2Co3 )
= 980.39cm 3
V  0.1
= 980.39ml   5.32  103 (1  2) = V  158.9ml
1000
n
Molarity = Sol.17 we have,
V
1326 kB wB
= 1000  1.35M M  1000
980.39  TB  wA
n 1.326  1000 2.53  180  1000
Molality = =  1.52m = = M  57.5g mol-1
Ws 870 (354.11  353.23)  90

Sol.13 We have, kf  w 5.12  1

  CR T Sol.18 M  B
 1000 =  1000
 Tf  w A 0.4  50

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

M  256g mol1 Sol.23 CH3COOH CH3COO   H

Sol.19 we have, P  0.8P0 1  
2
P0  P 
 XA   0.2 ka 
P0 1
M n2
0.2  i1
40
 Tf  ik f m
M 114

40 114 Weight of acetic acid = 1.06  0.6  0.636g
M M 0.636
  0.2  m  0.0106
200 40 60
 M 10g 1
0.0205
Sol.20  Tb  k b m i  1.04
1.86  0.0106
R Tb2   0.04
But, kb 
1000   Hv C2 1.06  0.6 (0.04)2
ka   
R Tb2 1  60 (1  0.04)
 Tb  .m k a  18.6  10 6
1000   Hv
1
or  Tb  Sol.24 We have,
 Hv k  wa
M f  1000
Sol.21 (a) For egg shell placed in pure water,  Tf  ws
endosmosis will take place and shell will swell. Let atomic mass of A and B be a and b
For Egg shell placed in saturated NaCl solution, respectively.
exosmosis will occur and shell will shrink. 5.1  1
 a  2b   1000  110.87
(b) K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] 4K   [Fe(CN)6 ]4  2.3  20
n5 5.1  1
a  4b   1000  196.15
  0.5 1.3  20
 i  1  (n  1)   2b  85.28
 1  4 b  42.64
a  25.60
 3
  iCR T
Sol.25 k f  1.86
= 3  0.1 0.0821 300 = 7.389atm
19.5  1000
[CH2FCOOH] . C   0.5M
Sol.22 For reasons and equations, refer text 78  500
KCl K   Cl 19.5
m  0.5m
78
n2
i  1  (n  1)  500
1000
=1  
   iCR T CH2 FCOOH CH2 FCOO  H
 C  C C C
i
CR T n2
i1
4.68  74.5
1    Tf  i k f m
7.45  0.0821 300
1    1.9 1
i  1.075
  0.9 1.86  0.5
Degree of dissociation = 90%   0.075

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

C 2
ka  = 3.06  103 Sol.29 (b) KCl K   Cl
1
n2
i1
Sol.26 PT  Pa  Pc
0.5
= 741.8 X a  632.8 X c
m  74.5  0.067
= 741.8 X a  632.8(1  X a ) 100
PT  632.8  109 X a 1000
 Tf  ik f m
PC  632.8  632.8 X a
0.24
Pa  632.8 X a i  1.92
1.86  0.067
Plotting this and given that a    0.92
92% ionisation
741.8
632.8
Sol.30 As, we increase the pressure over a gas,
the number of gaseous particles per unit
Xa = 0 Xa = 1 volume increase and also the rate at which the
It will show negative deviation gases are striking the surface of solution to
Sol.27 enter it. According to Le-Chatelier’s principle,
(a) Refer text the gas will try to return to its previous state
and its solubility will increase , until a new
 1
(b) i  1   1    equilibrium is reached resulting in an increase
 n
in the pressure of the gas above the solution
 1 1 and hence its solubility increase.
1  1   
 2 2
P0  P 1 61
 iX  .
P0 2 122
61 500

122 78
66.6  P
 0.036
66.6
P  64.20torr
P0  P
(c)  0.072 ; P  61.78torr
P0
(d) Refer Text

Sol.28 (a)for 1 molal

n n
i 
w s qV
n
For 1 molar = 1 
V
For density, p  1: 1 molal will have more
concentration.

S 20.4
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE – II JEE MAIN

Sol.1 (c) Sol.6 (D)

We have, For every 1L solution, moles of glucose = 1,
P  PA  PB = X A PA 0  XB PB0 weight of soln = 1.2  1000 = 1.2 kg
Weight of glucose = 180 g
= 0.4  100  0.6  200
Weight of solvent = 1200-180=1020g
= 40  120 = 160 mm Hg
1
PA  40mmHg  molality   0.98m
1.02
PA  P.YA   Tb  K b m  0.98K b
40
YA   0.25
160 Normal molecular wt
Sol.7 (B) i  1
Observed molecular wt
Sol.2 (c)
 observed molecular wt < normal molecular
P0  P n
Raoult’s Law =  wt. (iii)
P0 nN
nN P Sol.8 (D) A 2 B3 2A  3B
 0
n P0  P   0.6
P n = 5
N
1  0 i  1  (n  1)  = 3.4
n P0  P
 b  i K b m
N P0  P0  P P P n
  0  = 3.4  0.52  1
n P0  P P N
= 1.768K
Sol.3 (A) Tb  373  1.768
P  X A PA 0  XB PB0 = 374.768 K
1 3
= .100  .80 = 25  60 = 85 mm Hg Sol.9 (B)
13 13
Since, glucose does not dissociate,
Sol.4 (A) n0  i1
 Tb  ik b m
Sol.10 (B)
Tb will be highest for solute for which  Tb is  Tb  iK b m
highest or i is highest. For v equimolar solution are equimolal also
For same degree of dissociation, i  n , n is very dilute.
largest for Al2 (SO 4 )3 (n  5)   Tb ∝ 𝑖
iAlCl  iCaCl
Sol.5 (c) 3 2

P0  P ( as i  n, nA C n AlCl  4 , n CaCl  2 )
 Xa 3 3 2

P0  Tb AlCl3   Tb CaCl2
P T1  T2
 Xa
P0
 P1 X a1 Sol.11 (C)
  Tf  iK f m
 P2 X a
2
 Tf
10 0.2 i
  Xa  0.4 Kf m
20 X a 2

0.0054
2

 X S 1  0.4  0.6 =  2.903

1.86  0.001

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

 1
 1  (n  1)   2.9  3 Sol.14 (C)
n–1=2 Initially
n = 3 P  PA  PB = PA0 . X A  PB0 XB
 Out of the given options, only (c) is possible 3 0 2 0
600  P  P
5 A 5 B
Sol.12 (B)
We have 3PA0  2PB0  3000
P  0.95 P0 9PA0  6PB0  9000 … (i)
P0  P After adding C,
 Xa  0.05 P  PA  PB
P0
wa 3  1.5 2
 0.05 630  PA0  P0
Ma 3  2  1.5  0.5 3  2  1.5  0.5 B
w a wb 9 4
 630  PA 0  PB0
Ma Mb 14 14
9PA0  4PB0  8820 … (ii)
wa 1 wa 1 wb
  (i)- (ii)  2PB0  180
Ma 20 Ma 20 Mb
19 w A 1 wb PB 0  90 torr

20 Ma 20 Mb
Sol.15 (B)
wb Mb HX H  X 
 19.
wA Ma
n2
19  0.3  5.7 i  1  (n  1) 
Sol.13 (A) =1  
XCl3  X  3Cl m  M  0.1
n 4  Tf  i k f m
 1  Tf 0.2
i 13 5 i   1.11
k f m 1.8  0.1
P0  P
XA    0.11
P0
C 2 0.1  (0.11)2
17.25  17.2  ka  = = 1.35  103
XA  1 (1  0.11)
17.25  4
n Sol.16 (C)
X A  7.24  10 4 =
nN PT vs XB is linear
For n  N  1 , n  7.24  104 PT  PA 0  X A  PBo  XB
N = 0.999 PB  YB PT
N.18
mw  PB0 XB  YB (PA 0 X A 0  PB0 XB0 )
1000
N.18 1 1 1
Vw  L   .Y Linear = Y
1000 PT PB B PA A
n
 [A]  Sol.17 (D) P  PA0 X A  PB0 XB
Vw
100.2 3
X A .1000 =  300 = 40  90 = 130torr
5 5
(1  X A ).18
[A]  4.04  102 Mole /L Sol.18 (B)
Ba(NO3 )2  Ba2  2NO3
n3

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

i  1  (n  1)  1000
For 1 kg solved, N 
i  1  2 18
2.74  1  2  18n
m
1.74 1000
  0.87  87%
2 1000m
n
18
Sol.19 (A)
n 1000m
 Tb  k b m X 
nN  1000m 1000 
1.04 n 18   
m 2  18 18 
0.52 mS m
For 1 kg water, n = 2 X
m1
1000 P i n i n
N  
18 P0 N  n N
P P n  P (1  3 )m.18
Now, 0   0.036 
P0 N P0 1000
P0  750  750(0.036)  P  Tf 18
 .
P0  777 torr P0 K f 1000
Mw
Sol.20 (A), (B), (C) 1 3  
Mw obs
Due to polarity and H-bonding

Sol.21 (A), (D) Sol.24 (B), (D)

For ideal solution. Vant-hoff factor for a dil. sol. of BaCl2 is
H  0 ,  V  0 1  3 1  3
(D) is correct
Sol.22 (A), (B)
 Tb is also due to lowering in vapour pressure.
PM  XA PA0  XB PB0
PM  XA PA0  PB0  X A PB0 Sol.25 (B), (D)
acetone and ethanol will show negative
PM  PB 0
 XA deviation due to H-bonding between them.
PA 0  PB 0 Chloroform and benzene will show positive
PA  PT X A(V) deviation because of intramolecular H-bonding
in chloroform.
PA X A( ) .PA
0

X'A(V )  
PT PT
Sol.26 (D)
X A( ) PT As heat must be removed from the water to

X 1
A(V)
PA 0 make it freeze, it is exothermic process.

Sol.23 (A), (C), (D)

k 3 PO 4  3k   PO 43
n=4
i  1  (n  1) 
=1  3
P
 iX A
P0
n
m
ws

S 20.7
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Sol.1 (A) PN2  KH  XN2 175  P0 0.1 175  P0 1

 ; 
1 17.5 0.1  9.9 17.5 100
XN2 = × 0.8 × 5 = 4 × 10–5 1750 – 100Ps = 17.5; 1732.5 = 100ps
105
in 10 mole, solubility is 4.0 × 10–4 Ps = 17.325 mm Hg

Sol.2 (D) Basicity of H3PO3 is 2. Sol.15 (A) Let the vapour pressue of pure ethyl
Hence 0.3 M H3PO3 = 0.6 N. alcohol be P,
According to Raoult’s law
Sol.4 (A) For HCl M = N = 0.1 290 = 200 × 0.4 + P × 0.6
290  80
N1V1 = N2V2 ; 25 × N1 = 0.1 × 35 P= = 350 mm Hg
0.1  35 0.6
N1 = ; Sol.16 (B) In solution showing positive type of
25
0.1  35 deviation, the partial pressure of each
M = = 0.07 component of solution is greater than the
25  2
Sol.6 (C) M1V1 + M2V2 =M3V3; vapour pressure as expected according to
1.5 × 480 + 1.2 × 520 = M × 1000 Raoult’s law.
720  624 In solution of methanol and benzene, methanol
M= = 1.344 M
1000 molecules are held together due to hydrogen
Sol.7 (B) An increase in temperature increases bonding as shown below,
the volume of the solution and thus decreases On adding benzene, the benzene molecules
its molarity. get in between the molecule of methanol thus
breaking the hydrogen bonds. As the resulting
0.02  10 solution has weak intermolecular attraction, the
Sol.8 (B) Mole urea = = 10–3 moles
6.02  1023 escaping tendency of alcohol and benzene
Conc. of solution (in molarity) molecule from the solution increases.
10 3 Consequently, the vapour pressure of the
= × 1000 = 0.01 M solution is greater than the vapour pressure as
100
expected from Raoult’s law.
Sol.9 (A) H3PO3 is a dibasic acid
N1V1(acid) = N2V2(base) Sol.17 (D) Solution with the same osmotic
0.1 × 2 × 20 = 0.1 × 1 × V2 pressure are isotonic.
0.1  2  20 Let the molar mass of the substance be M
 V2 = = 40 ml
0.1  1 1 = C1RT = C2RT = 2
5.2 So,C1 = C2
Sol.10 (C) Xmethyl alcohol =  0.086
1000 As density of the solutions are same
5.2  5.25 15 5.25  60
18 So,  ; M= = 210
moles of sulphur M 60 1.5
Sol.11 (D) Molarity = Sol.18 (C) Value of R = 8.314 KJ-1 m mol-1
volume of sol.(l )
120  1.15
= × 1000 = 2.05 M Sol.20 (A) AxBy  xAy+ + yBx–
60  1120
1– xy
Sol.13 (A) Osmotic pressure is colligative i = 1 –  + x + y
property. i = 1 + (x + y – 1)
i1
P0  Ps n 
Sol.14 (C)  (x  y  1)
P 0
nN
18 178.2
n= = 0.1 N = = 9.9
180 18

S 20.8
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE – I JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 PCH OH  PA 0  X A  23 60  100

3 w
3  18
23
XA   0.24 w = 111.11 gm
96
111.11
m
60
P0  P 100
Sol.2  XB
P0 1000
0.8  0.6 m = 18.52 mol
 XB
0.8
XB  0.25 Sol.6  Tb  K bm
2.11 10.6  1000
0.284 
20 M  740
Sol.3 Xg   0.027 2.11  10.6  1000
180 m
20 70 740  0.284
 m  106.42g
180 18
P0  P
 Xg Sol.7 Tb  K b M
P0
0.513  3.24  1000
25.21  P 0.130 
 0.027 M  200
P0
0.513  3.24  1000
lc 
P = 24.51 torr 0.13  200
lc = 64 gm
P0  P
Sol.4  Xa
P0 Sol.8  Tb  K b M
23.76  23.32 5.4 24
 0.513 
23.76 M 58
5.4 90 600 / 1000

M 18  Tb  0.3530 C
5.4 Tb  99.725  0.353
  0.018
M  Tb  100.0780 C
5.4
5
M
Sol.9  Tb  K b M
5.4 0.0972
  0.09   Tf K f M
M M
 M = 57.24 gm K
 Tf  f .  Tb
Kb
Sol.5 P  0.75P0 0.86
=  0.17 = 0.62ºC
P0  P nu 0.513
  Tf   0.620 C
P0 nu  nw
P0  P nu
 Sol.10  CR T
P0 nw
30
P0  0.75P0 C
w  18 0.0821  298

0.75P0 60  100 C  1.226mole / L

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Solutions and Colligative Properties

MC 160  60
PA  Xb Pbo  Xa Pbo 
 Tf  K f M  K f C = 1.86  1.226 2
 Tf  2.280 C PA  110mmHg

 Tf   2.280 C For B,
Lets mass of each be m.
m m
Sol.11 P0  760mm nb  , na 
78 92
P0  P 760  750 m
  Xb   0.541
P0 760 78
1 m m
 Xa 
76 78 92
X a  0.013 PB  Xb Pb0  (1  Xb )Po
For, nA  nS  1  nA  X a  0.013 PB  114.11atm
nS  1  nA  0.987 PA 110

MS  17.766g PB 114.11
na
0.013  1000 PA
m   0.964
Ms 17.766 PB
m  0.741 Molal
Sol.16  Tb  K b (i1m1  i2m2 )
Sol.12Refer to solution 9, Exercise I For NaCl

NaCl  Na  Cl
P0  P P0  P nA n  2,   0.8
Sol.13we have,  Xa = 
P0 P0 nS i  1  (n  1)
640  600 2.175  78 i = 1 + 0.8

600 M.39 i = 1.8
M = 65.25gm 5.84
m 1
58.5
na 100
Sol.14 m  0.5 
ws 1000
For 1 kg water, na  0.5 For MgCl2
1000 
MgCl2  Mg2  2Cl

nw 
18 n  3,   0.5
na 0.5 i  1  2  0.5 = 2
 Xa  
na  nw 1000 9.5
0.5  m 1
18 95
X a  8.92  10 3 100
P0  P 1000
 Xa  Tb  0.51(1.8  1  2  1)
P0
P  P0 (1.X a ) = 17.54  0.99  Tb  1.9380 C
P  17.38mmHg Tb  101.9380 C

Sol.15 For A, Sol.17 K Cl K   Cl

1 n  2,   0.95
Xb X a 
2 i  1  (n  1) 
i  1  0.95

S 20.10
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

i  1.95  1 C1 T1

RT f 2
2 C2 T2
Kf 
1000  Hf 2C1 T1
C2  ( T1  100 C  283k )
 Hf  80cal / gm  334.72 J / gm 1 t2
8.314  (273)2 C2 105.3  283
Kf   1.851  ( T2  250 C  298k )
1000  334.72 C1 500  298
7.45 C2
M  0.2  0.2
74.5 C1
500
C2  0.2C1
1000
 Tf  iK f m = 1.95  1.851  0.2 = 0.73ºC V2  5 V1

Tf   0.730 C
Sol.23  Tf  i K f m

Sol.18 Let n particles be formed after 0.2

0.45  i  5.12 
dissociation 60
Taking   1 20
i  1  (n  1) =n 1000
 Tf  i K f .m  1
i  0.527  1   1   
 n
0.558
ni 3 n=2
1.86  0.1
Formula [Co(NH3 )5 Cl]  Cl2
1
i 1 
2
  2(1 i)
Sol.19Refer exercise III, comprehension I
  0.945
 94.51 association
Sol.20At Pt  1
Pt  PB0 XB  PT 0 X T
Sol.24 NaNO3 Na  NO3
760  1375 XB  558(1  XB ) n  2,   0.9
760  1375 XB  558  558 XB i  1  (n  1)
202  817XB = 1.9
  i CR T
XB  0.247
0.85
X T  0.753 = 1.9   10  0.082  300
85
For Vapour ( T  270 C  300K )
PB  YB .Pt   4.64atm
PB  B 1375
YB    0.447
Pt 760 Sol.25 1  2
iC1 R T  C2 R T (for glucose
Sol.21 Pressure must be applied on 0.01 M
 0 i1 )
glucose solution to prevent osmosis.
For NaCl, i  1  (n  1)
Excess pressure = 1  2
= 1
(C1  C2 )RT
1.2  10 7.2
(0.01  0.001)  0.0821  300 = 0.2217atm (1  )   10
58.5 180
1    1.95
Sol.22   0.95
b  CR T i  1.95

S 20.11
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

Sol.26 2C6H5 (C6H5 COOH)2 

 1  0.63
n  2,   0.84 2
 1  
i  1   1    = i  = 0.58  0.366
n 2 2
 
  0.7333
 Tb  i K b M
0.61 Sol.29
0.58  2.3 
122 Mass of CH3 OH  V  
50
= 30  0.7980gm = 23.94gm
1000
Moles of CH3 OH,n  0.748
 Tb  0.1334 0 C
mass of water = 70  0.9984
Tb  46.20  0.13340 C
n 0.748
Tb  46.33340 C m 0   1000
mS 69.888
m = 10.70
Sol.27 For first distillate  Tf  k f m
X A XB  0.5
= 10.7  1.86
P 0  PB0 100  300  Tf  19.910 C
PT  A =
2 2
Tf  19.910 C
PT  200 Torr
Mass of final solution = 23.94  69.888
PA  X A PA 0 = 50 torr = 93.828gm
PA  YA PT Mass 93.828
Volume = = = 98 ml
PA 50 Density 0.9575
YA  =  0.25
PT 200 n
There for Molarity =
YB  0.75 V
For second distillate 0.748
= 1000
X A YA  0.25,XB YB  0.75 98
= 7.63 M
PT0 100  0.25  300  0.75
Molarity = 7.63 M
PT  250 Torr
Now, PA YA PT
PA 100  0.25
YA  
PT 250
YA  0.1
YB  0.9
Mole fraction of A in final condensate = 0.1

Sol.28 For phenol, n = 2

 1 
i  11    = 1 
 n 2
Now,
 Tf  i R f m
  20
0.69   1   5.12 
 2 94

S 20.12
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

EXERCISE – II JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 (c) Through a semipermeable membrane, only

PA0  PB0 solvent can flow and not the solute.
Sol.8 (A), (C), (D)
YA will be more than X A
Only (B) is correct
(nA )L (nA )V
i.e 
(nB )L (nB )V Sol.9 (A), (D)
XA Y Y For ideal solution.
 A  A H  0 ,  V  0
XB YB XA
YA X A
 Sol.10 (A), (C)
YB XB
Both are correct facts

Sol.2 (D) Sol.11 (A), (B), (C)

Relative lowering will be least in C12H22 O11 All are correct
which will not dissociate; i=1 Sol.12 (A), (C), (D)
For rest, i > 1 and show greater decrease. Degree of dissociation increases as c decrease
Sol.3 (c)  R 
P  PA  PB  a 
 c 
 
XA PA  XB PB0
For ideal soln.,  G   H  T S
PA0 (1  XB )  XB PB0  G   T S ( ∆H = 0)
P  P  XP (P  P )
0
A
0 0
 G
S  0 (  G 0 )
A B

P  120
0
A
T
PA0  PB0  75
Sol.13 (C)
PB0  45
The added substance once must be non -
volatile.
Sol.4 (D)
Comprehension II
Sol.5 (B)
From graph Sol.14 (A)
When X benzene = 0.5 Y Toluene = 0.8  Tf  i k f m
When Y Toluene = 0.3 Y Benzene = 0.6
X Benzene = 0.3, Y Toluene = 0.9  Tf  i
X Benzene = 0.7, Y Toluene >0.3 And i  n
n is maximum for Al2 (SO 4 )3
Sol.6 (c)
 Hmix  0
Sol.15 (B)
 G  H  T  S
Correction factor is 1
 G  T S
TS Sol.16 (B) Ba(NO3 )2 Ba2  2NO3
O n=3
G i  1  (n  1) 
X i  1 2.74  1
 
Sol.7 (D) n1 3 1
  0.87

S 20.13
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

8.7% dissociation (C):Q

(D):P

Sol.17 (C)
Colligative effects involve properties whose
magnitude depends upon number of particles.

 Tb kb
Sol.18 (B) 
 Tf k f
0.186  0.521
 Tf   0.0521
1.86

Sol.19 (A), (P), (R)

This mixture will be show positive deviation due
to H-bonding between C2H5 OH and H2 O
(B) (Q), (T)
They will form ideal solution as
FA  A  FA B  FB B
No strong interactions
(C) (Q), (T)
This is Raoult’s law for ideal solution
(D) (P), (S)
Very strong intramolecular H-bonding in
H2SO 4 leads to negative deviation.

Sol.20 (A): (R)

No dissociation in any of these
 i  1 for all.
(B) (S)
Strong electrolytes,   1
1  (2  1) : 1  (3  1) : 1  (3  1)
= 2:3:3
(P)   1
1  (5  1) : 1  (4  1) : 1  (5  1)
= 5: 4 :5
= 1 : 0.8 : 1
(D) (Q)
1 : 1  (2  1) : 1  (3  1)
1:2:3

Sol.21 (A): S
Definition of ppm
(B):R

S 20.14
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 (C) 0.1

Molality of solute = × 1000 = 6.17
In case of positive deviation from Raoult’s law, 0.9  18
the observed vapour pressure is greater than Tb = 6.17 × 0.52 = 3.20
the ideal vapour pressure and boiling of Tb = 373 +3.2 = 376.2 K
azeotrope becomes lower than either of pure
liquid.  T 
Sol.8 Lim  f   k f (Cryoscopic constant)
m 0
 m 
Sol.2 (A)
K2SO4: i = 3;NaCl: i = 2 Sol.9 From lowering of vapour pressure
Urea i = 1; Glucose: i = 1 information:
Greater the value of ‘i’, greater the lowering in 0.104 n2
 x2 
freezing point, lower will be the freezing 17.5 n1  n2
temperature, if molarity, in all cases are same. n
Therefore, K2SO4 solution has the lowest  1 + 1 = 168.27
n2
freezing point. n
 1 = 167.27
n2
Sol.3 (A)
1000 M
During freezing, liquid solvent solidify and solid   = 167.27
18 50
solvent remains in equilibrium with liquid
M = 150g/mol
solvent.
Also, the combustion reaction is:

Sol.4 (A) CxH2yOy + xO2  xCO2 + yH2O

Van’t Hoff factor (i) = 4 {3K+ + [Fe(CN)6]}3– 18y g of H2O is produced from 1.0 mole of
0.1 1000 1
Molality =   compound.
329 100 329 0.9 g of H2O will be produced from
 –Tf = iKf.m 0.9 1
1  mol
= 4 × 1.86 × = 2.3 × 10–2 18y 20y
329
x
Tf = –2.3 × 10–2 ºC  At the end, moles of O2 left =
20y
(As % freezing point of water is 0ºC)
x
moles of CO2 formed =
Sol.5 (D) 20y
In the given solution ‘M’, H2O is solute 2x 2.24
 Total moles of gases at STP = 
Therefore, molality of H2O 20y 22.4
0.1 x=y
= × 1000 = 2.4
0.9  46  Molar mass; 150 = 12x + 2x + 16x
–Tf = kfethanol × 2.4 = 2 × 2.4 = 4.8 = 30x
Tf = 155.7 –4.8= 150.9 K 150
x= =5
30
Sol.6 (A)  Formula = C5H10O5
Vapour pressure = p(H2O) + p(ethanol)
= 32.8 × 0.1 + 40 × 0.9 60
Sol.10 Moles of ethanol = = 1.3
= 3.28 + 36 = 39.28 mm 46
40
Moles of methanol = = 1.25
Sol.7 (B) 32
New ethanol is solute. 1.3
Mole fraction of ethanol = = 0.51
1.3  1.25
Vapour pressure of solution

S 20.15
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Solutions and Colligative Properties

= pethanol + pmethanol Empirical formula weight (84) is half of molar

= 0.51 × 44.5 + 0.49 × 88.7= 66.16 mm mass, molecular formula is C6H4N2O4 – a dinitro
Mole fraction of methanol in vapour phase benzene.
NO2

pmethanol 43.463
=   0.657
Total vapour pressure 66.16
NO2
(C6H4N 2O 4)
Sol.11 According to Raoult’s law:
p = p0x1
Sol.14 Let after 100min, x moles of A are
 n1 
 600 = 640   remaining unpolymerized moles of B = 12.
 n1  n2  Mole of non–volatile solute = 0.525
n2 64 1 x
 = –1= Mole fraction of A =
n1 60 15 x  12  0.525
39 1 12
 n2 = × = 0.033 Mole fraction of B =
78 15 x  12  0.525
2.175  x 
 = 0.033  M = 65.25 400 =    300
M  x  12  0.525 
 12 
Sol.12 Ca(NO3)2  Ca2+ + 2NO3–    500
 x  12  0.525 
1–  2
i = 1 + 2, where,  = 0. 7 x = 9.9
i = 1 + 2 × 0.7 = 2.4 Moles of A polymerized in 100 min
n1 = 10 – 9.9 = 0.10
Mole fraction of solvent = 1 10 1 10
n1  in2 k= ln = ln min–1
t 9.9 100 9.9
 100  = 1.005 × 10–4 min–1.
 
=  18  = 0.982
 100  7 Sol.15 Higher the value of kb of a solvent
   2.4 
 18  164 suggest that there is larger polarity of solvent
p = p0x1 molecules, which in turn implies higher boiling
= 760 × 0.982 (VP of H2O at 100ºC point due to dipole–dipole interaction.
= 760 mm of Hg) Therefore, the correct order of kb values of the
= 746.32 mm three given solvents is:
Solvents Boiling point kb
Sol.13 Empirical formula determination
Element C H N O X 100ºC 0.63

Weight % 42.86 2.40 16.67 38.07 Y 27ºC 0.53

Moles 3.57 2.40 1.19 2.38 Z 283ºC 0.92

Simplest 3 2 1 2
ratio

Empirical formula = C3H2NO2

5.5 1000
Tb = 1.84 = 2.53 × 
M 45
M = 168

S 20.16
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