Technological Simulation of Hallucination

John J. McMurtrey, M. S. a and Edward A. Moore, M. D.

Copyright 2006, 30 May 2011

ABSTRACT
Objective: Evidence for technologies capable of remote sound or voice transmission isolated
to individuals is surveyed along with target tracking capacity that can maintain apparent
psychosis. Method: Examination of government reports, engineering databases, the patent
database post 1976, PubMed, and the Internet for available pertinent authentic sources. Results:
Ultrasound and radio frequency methods are described to remotely isolate voice to individuals.
Accounts of ultrasound and radio frequency energy forms used on people also exist.
Conclusion: Evidence indicates development of technologies capable of remotely isolating
sound and voice to an individual. Covert misuse of such technologies would result in simulated
hallucination, which has no diagnostic recognition.

“Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy
with ‘voices’ or deliver undetectable instructions to a programmed assassin.”
--Robert O. Becker regarding microwave hearing voice transmission, who was twice Nobel
Prize nominated for biological electromagnetic fields research. 1

INTRODUCTION b
Medical professionals regard the perception of voice or sound, which cannot be heard by
others nearby as hallucination excepting only tinnitus, and deem such phenomena as psychotic
manifestations on persistent, disturbing complaint. Though ‘hearing voices’ can involve
numerous diagnoses, 2 this symptom is often considered characteristic in schizophrenia with 47-
98% prevalence, 3 but the symptom has reported prevalence in dissociative identity disorder
(DID) of 30-64%, 4 and in bipolar disorder of 7-48%. 5 Patients frequently believe that such
voices are externally transmitted to them. 6 Apparently unrecognized by the psychiatric
community, two technologies have the described capacity to remotely transmit voice or sound in
an individually isolated manner. Considering that misuse of such technologies could simulate
hallucination and confuse diagnosis, the available body of evidence for such capacity is
reviewed.
Herein is substantiated:

a
Corresponding author. Email- [email protected] Address: 903 N. Calvert St., Baltimore MD 21202.
b
Abbreviations: ABR = Auditory Brainstem Response. DID = Dissociative Identity Disorder. FOIA = Freedom of
Information Act. Hz = cycles per second, and is an eponym honorific abbreviation for Heinrich Rudolph Hertz.
LRAD = Long Range Acoustic Device. MHz = Mega-Hertz denoting one million cycles per second.
 2

1. Development of remote ultrasound and radio frequency technologies for

transmitting sound or voice, which can be isolated to an individual.
2. Human tracking technologies.
3. Reports and published anecdotes of ultrasound and radio frequency energy use
against people.

METHODS
Literature examination by relevant terminology was performed on PubMed, National
Technical Information Service, Google search, US and European patent office databases, as well
as Compendex, the Wilson Web, and Inspec. Ultrasound and microwave bioeffects references
were also cross examined for relevance per article. Inclusion/exclusion criteria are pertinence
and authenticity.
Time series bibliometry of citations from the most recent radio frequency hearing review
was plotted in histogram with differentiation of known military support (Figure 1). The
significance of difference in total publication rate was assessed by t-test c of means for baseline
publication prior to 1972 from the 1961 Frey substantiation compared with the 1973-1980
apparent publication upslope (the 1956 citation is only an advertisement mentioning microwave
hearing with omission increasing conservative comparison). Regression was plotted for the
baseline with no upward trend, and per the concerns of single case time series analysis, 7 the
1973-1980 upslope data were adjusted by per datum subtraction of the mean from Frey 1961
through 1972 publication baseline for the presented p value.

ULTRASOUND VOICE TRANSMISSION

The loud, steady production of two different tones results in a third tone equal to the
frequency difference between the original tones. The sounds so created are known as the tones
of Tartini 8 who was an 18th century violinist, and result from air non-linearity that causes sound
to scatter itself. The effect also occurs in water for sonar generators called parametric arrays,
with the short ultrasound wavelength permitting high directional projection. Acoustic tones
produced in air by ultrasound beams were first reported in 1962, 9 followed by several abstract
reports, 10 11 12 and then had more complete publication. 13 Voice modulated on an ultrasound
beam is caused to peal off by another ultrasound beam in loudspeakers for directionally

c
t – test formulas:
_ _
__x_-_y____
__________
/ sx 2 s y2
. \/ nx + ny
Where:

(The back slash-forward slash and underline combination above represent the square root
of the denominator terms.)
_ _
x and y are the means of the respective populations compared.
sx and sy are the standard deviations of the respective populations.
nx and ny are the numbers of samples in the population.
 3

projecting sound, 14 15 16 17 with mathematical prediction compared to experimental results. 18 19

Basic methods for such speakers are described in the Audio Engineering Handbook. 20 Recently
reported are improvements in emitters, 21 and directivity. 22 Though utilized as a term in many
reports, ‘loudspeaker’ has somewhat misleading connotations for these speakers, since virtual
point sound sources are generated within the ultrasound beams 23 without scattering outside the
beam intersection. Error: Reference source not found A recipient perceives this sound projection
technique as originating within the head without directional orientation as described from
demonstrations for an audio engineering society, 24 an engineering news article, 25 and Popular
Science 26 as well as non-lethal weapon applications patents.
An ultrasound voice transmission patent discusses non-lethal weapon use against crowds
or as directed at an individual. 27 Communication that is understood as an inner voice can have
powerful emotional reactions in people, “since most cultures attribute inner voices either as a
sign of madness, or as messages from spirits or demons.” Error: Reference source not found
Another ultrasound voice transmission patent describes sound production particularly within
cavities such as the ear canal. 28 An individual readily understands communication by the device
across a noisy crowded room without discernment by others nearby. Sound can also be made to
appear as originating from mid-air or from surfaces by reflection.
American Technology Corporation licensed this latter patent, and commercially sells
their HyperSonic Sound® system, which has a technical treatment available 29 and a professional
meeting presentation. 30 This company also has an acoustic non-lethal weapon called the Long
Range Acoustic Device (LRADTM) that is deployed to the Navy, Coast Guard, Army, Marine
Corps, military prison camps, and the US Border Patrol 31 32 as well as ground troops in Iraq and
Afghanistan. 33 An 80 % efficacy in deterring wayward Persian Gulf vessels by the LRAD has
science news report. 34 The device is also deployed to police departments, Error: Reference
source not found 35 36 on cruise ships, Error: Reference source not found and at petroleum
instillations, 37 while a version of the device is available for automatic operation in conjunction
with remote sensor security systems. 38 A similar ultrasound method capable of limiting sound to
one person, Audio Spotlight® has peer reviewed publication, Error: Reference source not found
and is marketed. Audio Spotlight press releases indicate exhibition at Boston’s Museum of
Science, 39 the General Motors display at Disney’s Epcot Center, 40 the Smithsonian National Air
& Space Museum, and other public venues. 41 Press accounts detail transmission of sound to
persons unaware of such use 42 by both developers, along with some description of more
disturbing sound exposure, 43 which can include pain even with ear plugs decreasing the noise.
Error: Reference source not found A non-lethal weapons program director confirms the lack of
sound perception by other people nearby on ultrasound voice transmission. 44 Though ultrasound
can pass through walls, 45 46 the encoded sound from ultrasound speakers reflects audibly upon
striking hard flat surfaces.

MICROWAVE HEARING
Radar technicians had microwave hearing effect anecdotes in World War II 47 48 and the
late 1940’s. 49 Allan H. Frey was the first to substantially characterize the microwave hearing
effect in a series of articles beginning in 1961, 50 51 52 yet much earlier less defined observations
in Italian literature by Cazzamalli of ‘radio frequency hallucination’ 53 may well be the same
effect. Subjects can hear appropriately pulsed microwaves at least up to thousands of feet from
 4

the transmitter. Error: Reference source not found Peak pulse power largely determines
loudness, though with some dependence on pulse width. Error: Reference source not found
Microwaves are the higher frequency portion of the radio frequency spectrum.
Frequency is denoted in Hz, which is an abbreviated eponym to honor radio pioneer Heinrich
Rudolph Hertz, but Hz just means cycles per second. Frequencies relevant to microwave hearing
are in Mega-Hertz (MHz) units or one million cycles per second, and
Giga-Hertz (GHz) units or one billion cycles per second. Though most hearing effect literature
refers to microwave hearing, radio frequency hearing is an appropriate term, since the
phenomenon extends below the 300 MHz microwave definition cutoff frequency Error:
Reference source not found to include 2.4 MHz magnetic resonance imaging radio frequency
sources. 54 Lin extends the range of microwave hearing to frequencies into the ‘tens of
gigahertz.’ Error: Reference source not found

Microwave hearing is the most accepted of low power microwave effects, because of
direct perception by many microwave workers, and the well replicated animal definition Error:
Reference source not found with numerous reviews of the phenomenon. Error: Reference source
not found Error: Reference source not found 55 56 57 58 The sound produced is perceived within or
near the head. Error: Reference source not found Microwave hearing results from rapid
thermoelastic expansion causing sound waves within the head. Error: Reference source not found
The cochlea is involved, but not the middle ear. Error: Reference source not found The
thermoelastic effect elicits sound within substances with only certain materials or conditions able
to emit air conducted sound. 59
A review of microwave bioeffects describes “receiverless” and “wireless” voice
transmission discovery in 1973 by Sharp and Grove, 60 d who were then at the Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research according to a different microwave hearing report submission date. 61 The
method was simple: negative deflections from recorded spoken numbers were processed to
cause triggering of microwave pulses. Upon illumination by such verbally modulated energy,
the words were understood remotely.
An Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command report states
microwave speech transmission with applications for “camouflage, decoy, and deception
operations” as a main rationale for a microwave exposure brain blood flow study, which affirms
“by proper choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible speech may be created.” 62 Between the
inclusive dates given for these affirmations of microwave hearing voice transmission
development, the average simple sound radio frequency investigation publication rate increased
3.7 fold, even with per datum subtraction of any possible mean baseline trend (t-test p < 0.02) for
normal statistics on the bibliometric time series of citations from the most recent radio frequency
hearing review. Error: Reference source not found The Oskar, 1980 affirmation was published
the year after the raw data historical peak of publications for total and military supported simple
sound radio frequency hearing reports, where for 45 years of investigation, half of citations
cluster for publication date in the decade after 1973 as given for Dr. Sharp’s account of voice
transmission discovery with the interval having double the number of articles with military
support compared to other periods, and apparent clustering towards the dates of interest, Fig. (1).
The rapid drop in simple sound microwave hearing publication coincides with evidence of Air
d
Both these researchers had then recently done classified work on the weapons implications of the Moscow
American Embassy irradiation according to Project Bizarre FOIA releases, see
http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/reading_room/175.pdf.
 5

Force interest in defining radio frequency “forced disruptive phenomenon . . . to interrupt,

degrade or direct human central nervous system functioning.” 63 The Air Force mentions radio
frequency acoustic phenomenon, Error: Reference source not found but within the simple sound
literature of expected interest as forced disruptive phenomenon are notations of vibration, 64
buffeting of the head as well as a “pins and needles” sensation, Error: Reference source not
found and petit to grand mal seizures with unconsciousness for 4-5 minutes 65 at altered e pulse
parameters.
Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications describes applications of remote voice
transmission as “obviously not limited to therapeutic medicine.” 66 A Defense Intelligence
Agency review of Communist literature affirms microwave sound and indicates voice
transmission. The report states: “Sounds and possibly even words which appear to be
originating intracranially (within the head) can be induced.” 67 Among weapon implications are
“great potential for development into a system for disorientating or disrupting the behavior
patterns of military or diplomatic personnel.” Error: Reference source not found A US Army
Intelligence and Security Command Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) release considers
development of microwave hearing voice transmission as feasible, and to be adaptable to
existing radar units. 68 Stated therein: “Application of the microwave hearing technology could
facilitate a private message transmission. . . . be. . . disruptive . . . to a person not aware of the
technology. . . . it could be psychologically devastating if one suddenly heard ‘voices within
one’s head.’” Error: Reference source not found
The Brunkan Patent “Hearing system” is a device for verbal microwave hearing. 69 The
invention details microwave speech transmission with a parabolic antenna remotely illuminating
the head. Complex sound is built up by patterns of bursts with a single burst composed of tightly
grouped evenly spaced pulses. The microwave spectrum granted by the patent is from 100 to
10,000 MHz with pulse width from 10 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond, and bursts of such pulses
lasting from 500 nanoseconds to 100 microseconds (a nanosecond is one billionth of a second,
10-9; a microsecond is one millionth of a second, 10-6). The 1000 MHz preferred operation is the
optimal tissue penetration frequency. 70 A similar German patent for remote antenna microwave
voice transmission is also based on microwave bursts. 71 A non-remote microwave voice
transmission patent based on microwave bursts is designed so that the burst frequency matches
the sound frequency. 72
Microwave hearing literature confirms an ability to reproduce sound characteristics, and
aspects of these patents. Though loudness is modulated by pulse power, Error: Reference source
not found 73 closely spaced pulses also increase sound intensity, 74 75 or lower the perception
threshold. Error: Reference source not found The tonal quality of a pulse train corresponds to
pulsation frequency, Error: Reference source not found 76 77 and longer pulse widths produce
lower frequency sound. Error: Reference source not found Microwave pulse width differentially
influences cat cochlear nucleus auditory units that are responsive to different tones 78 over sound
frequencies from 931 Hz to 25.5 kHz. 79 Twin pulse separation responses Error: Reference
source not found have at least some analogy to human pitch discrimination parameters. 80
Two separate devices with non-remote transducers show efficacy in peer reviewed
publication either by independent analysis of operation, 81 82 or the developers demonstrating
improved speech discrimination. 83 84 Although this latter report’s title features electrotherapy,
radio frequency hearing just previously was considered as electrophonic hearing 85 and a radio
e
At presumably higher pulse parameters, but only fully specified in the last reference.
 6

frequency method is stated, while equipment description is referred to an Air Force study. 86
This 1964 study is the first English radio frequency voice transmission report with improved
word discrimination for the hearing impaired.
A 1993 classified non-lethal weapon conference demonstration of a microwave voice
transmission device of Lockheed-Sanders manufacture is reported by Nexus Magazine. 87
Quoted descriptors are ‘voice synthesis’ or ‘synthetic telepathy.’ Error: Reference source not
found This same year a US Department of Defense contract was awarded entitled
“Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect.” Communication initial results are: “The
feasibility of the concept has been established” using both low and high power systems. 88 A
FOIA request for information on the project met with denial on the part of the US Air Force, on
the grounds that disclosure “could reasonably be expected to cause damage to national security.”
89
Though the Air Force denied FOIA disclosure, an Air Force report elaborates such a
contract’s purpose for “the possibility of covert suggestion and psychological direction” by “high
fidelity speech” from microwave hearing enabling a capacity “to ‘talk’ to selected adversaries in
a fashion that would be most disturbing to them.” 90 91
This Air Force discussion framed as ‘possibility’ is belied by publication during the same
year as patent application for a method for implementation of such capability 92 by Air Force
employees 93 94 with rights assigned to the Air Force. FOIA releases related to the patent list “a
psychological warfare communication tool” under government use, 95 state experimental
demonstration of intelligible speech transmission, 96 and provide some description of initial
experiments. 97 This first patent was followed by another related patent, 98 neither of which
evidence knowledge of previous development or citation of the obviously relevant Brunkan
Error: Reference source not found patent.
For years the Center for Army Lessons Learned acknowledged microwave hearing voice
transmission as a non-lethal weapon in a ‘voice to skull devices’ weapons thesaurus entry, 99 but
this entry was excluded 100 subsequent to request for congressional investigation of such
development, and any implementation or misuse thereof. 101 The US Navy has awarded a
contract for the development of an aversive non-lethal weapon termed MEDUSA, which is based
on the microwave auditory effect, and is to be able to focus on a single individual. 102 However,
no voice transmission is indicated for the Navy system. Error: Reference source not found
When electromagnetic signatures of spoken words are applied to the head at very low
field levels (1 microTorr), word choice is reported significantly affected for related words along
the same emotional dimensions as the applied word. 103 Though inspired by microwave hearing,
this report is not of direct auditory perception, but of subliminal word choice influence. The
authors suggest that such an influence, even though weak could shift the direction of group
decisions in large populations, and have previously elaborated the possibility for more general
electromagnetic influence on populations. 104

TARGET TRACKING TECHNOLOGY

Diagnostic confusion with major psychotic states would require target tracking for the
maintenance of isolated hearing effects on people. Common technology utilizes the radio
frequency hearing spectrum, which encompasses cell phone, 105 106 TV, and radar frequencies. 107
Since the ability to direct radiation is related to wavelength, which becomes shorter with
 7

increasing frequency, f microwaves are directive in a manner similar to light, 108 except with
structural penetrating ability. A variety of methods assist radiation localization for collimation or
focusing including masers, 109 and antennas that are parabolic, have lens materials, 110 or are
arranged in phased array. 111 Phased array antennae can be of small configuration with the
formation and direction of radar beams without physical motion by precise phasing of current
between array elements for constructive and destructive interference. Error: Reference source not
found
Jane’s Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems lists 13 target tracking systems specifying
such capability on personnel at ranges from 4-20 km, which are utilized by countries around the
world. 112 Automated target tracking involves a track initiation processor acquiring a target,
while a data association filter maintains a tracking lock on the target 113 with this process utilized
to continuously direct a radar beam at a target for tracking position. 114 Even a quarter century
ago, specifications for weapons fire control designs whereby aiming was entirely determined by
radar tracking were commonly evident with numerous radars dedicated to one weapon. 115
Radars devoted to tracking isolated targets are presently prominent enough to merit a few
paragraphs in a recent science and technology encyclopedia. 116 Other components can be
directed by radar tracking, such as a camera at a human target for commercial security
surveillance. 117 One patent describes human target tracking with automatic aiming of
electromagnetically induced pain, now a declassified capability, Error: Reference source not
found 118 and even remote assessment of physiologic stress. 119
Movement excursions less than a frequency’s wavelength alter the phase of a target echo
waveform as compared to the transmitted frequency. Since waveform phase relates to distance
in wavelength, this allows radar assessment of life by breathing and heartbeat measurement from
body surface excursions, which is reviewed respecting medical or rescue use, 120 and
hypovolemic states are discriminated. 121 Surroundings without motion do not return echoes with
waveform out of phase from the transmitted signal in contrast to living subjects, so that vital
organ cycle detection is utilized in through wall radar discernment of humans developed for
security purposes. 122 The capacity is evaluated as a covert polygraph for lie detection. 123 124
One system 125 for radar visualization of humans through walls utilizing just range radar with a
moving target indication method, has a 5 inch resolution, 126 and is approved for sale by the US
Federal Communications Commission. 127 Another such system resolves spatial variation as
small as 0.6 cm, 128 and the Camero XaverTM 800 system evidences three dimensional imaging,
apparently more available to, or priced towards military applications. 129
Patents for rescue 130 and security systems 131 with radar detecting vital organ motion
describe the ability to distinguish individuals through obstruction by frequency analysis, which
forms a type of “electronic fingerprint.” Besides vital organ oscillation from phase change
contributions to the human radar signature, another method is based on the Doppler effect,
whereby motion adds or subtracts energy to a radar echo thus effecting return signal frequency
change in proportion to velocity. Doppler effects produce individual variance of human signals
132
with gait 133 and heartbeat 134 considered as biometric identifiers. Humans have good radar
reflectance, Error: Reference source not found and body parts can be resolved by through wall
imaging. 135 Human motion generated Doppler frequencies are regarded as a frequency
spectrogram resulting from moving centers of body and appendage radar scattering, where just
thigh height would provide reasonably accurate discrimination between males or females based
f
By the relation: wavelength times frequency equals the speed of light.
 8

on relevant biometric distribution (expected accuracy for sex; male – 84%, female – 91%). 136
Stationary surroundings only return echoes at the transmitted frequency, so the Doppler effect
usefully identifies moving targets inside structures. Other information available to radar is the
human radar cross section, which is about one square meter, 137 but is proportional to a target’s
weight, 138 and varies with the subject’s orientation with respect to the radar antenna. 139 Further
general target recognition methods are based on polarization characteristics, and the frequency
amplitude response. 140
Target illumination tracking systems have at least microsecond response times. Such
responses require no wide scan area to lock illumination upon a person at achievable speeds.
Less than 1/100th of an inch in a microsecond is traversed at 90 miles per hour.
Battlefield human tracking specifications are not expected to consider urban obstruction.
Radar capability through obstruction is apparent from the optimization and adaptation of military
radar to commercial through-the-wall surveillance development, 141 with open literature surveys
or overviews available. 142 143 144 Most materials negligibly attenuate radar at the lower
microwave frequencies. High frequencies in the millimeter wavelengths (95 GHz = 3 mm) can
provide detailed imaging of humans, but are not suitable for brick and concrete. Error: Reference
source not found Though lacking in more detail, some human image can be obtained at
frequencies as low as 10 GHz, which also has good building material penetration. Error:
Reference source not found
Raytheon’s Motion and Ranging System is battery operated, briefcase sized, has a 100
foot range, 145 provides two dimensional tracking, and can report range to motion of 30 targets. 146
147
Another system characterizes through wall capability as at “any distance.” 148 A portable,
battery operated radar report states detection of individuals through 3 walls. 149 Other literature
reports detection of personnel through several intervening walls, Error: Reference source not
found or through a single brick wall 15 inches, 150 and ½ meter wide (about 5 brick courses).
Error: Reference source not found Since through-wall surveillance systems evident in the open
literature are subject to commercial regulatory, pricing, portability, and imaging constraints, they
cannot be regarded as the capability limit especially regarding radars for less economically
constrained security markets, or without portable design.

ACCOUNTS OF MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND USE AGAINST HUMANS

Ultrasound behavioral influence technology use in Northern Ireland is cited. 151 The
device could focus on one person, though voice transmission is unconfirmed. The Americans
employed the system in Vietnam, which is termed the squawk box, while a news report
characterizes psychological effects as ‘spooky,’ annoying, and intolerable. 152 British police
inventories list the specific device, though a spokesman denied use. 153 The Long Range
Acoustic Device has published descriptions of utilization for clearing occupants from a building
to execute a search warrant, repelling a pirate attack from a cruise ship, and ‘drawing out snipers’
for destruction, Error: Reference source not found besides acknowledged use as a ‘hailing’
device with the demonstrations and developer ‘pranks’ noted above.
The most documented citizen microwave irradiation was of peace protesters at Greenham
Common American Air Force Base in Berkshire England, who prompted investigation of
unusual symptoms 154 that fit well with electromagnetic exposure syndrome. Error: Reference
 9

source not found Radiation measurements exhibited microwaves with symptom experience up to
a hundred times the background level, and rose sharply on protests nearer the base. Error: Reference source
not found
That some of the women ‘heard voices’ has report. 155
Though the source is otherwise postulated, radio frequency field measurement is reported
in the vicinity of an Australian DID case, 156 which is a disorder with indicated precedent for
intelligence service interest and use. 157 The radiation intensity ranged from 7 mV in an adjacent
room to 35 mV next to the head. Other published anecdotal cases affirm microwave field
measurement without strength publication. 158 159 160 A security company advertises
investigations of electromagnetic harassment including microwave voice transmission with field
measurement. 161

DISCUSSION
Ultrasound voice transmission technology is well confirmed by peer reviewed literature,
deployed in military Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error:
Reference source not found or police situations, Error: Reference source not found Error:
Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found publicly demonstrated in museum
exhibits, Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference
source not found and for sale to the public. 162 163 Microwave hearing literature defines pulse
parameters that elicit audition, which would be considered hallucination by psychiatrists on
complaint of covert simple sound transmission, and provides a foundation for radio frequency
voice transmission citations. Peer reviewed literature Error: Reference source not found Error:
Reference source not found and a government report Error: Reference source not found confirm
non-remote voice transmission systems. There are four patents for remote radio frequency voice
transmission, Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found two of which
were developed by the US Defense Department. Error: Reference source not found Error:
Reference source not found Successful independent development of such methods is indicated
twice: Original successful Army experiments Error: Reference source not found followed by
increased historical density of total and military supported simple sound investigations that peak
the year before publication (Figure 1) of a bioeffects study citing speech transmission as
rationale, Error: Reference source not found and alternative news report of device demonstration.
Error: Reference source not found Later, the Air Force had their own initial experiments Error:
Reference source not found that with more development became patents, Error: Reference source
not found Error: Reference source not found and successful demonstration is stated. Error:
Reference source not found Duplicated effort is usual to classified programs.
Though there is only some publication of microwave field strength around victims Error:
Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found or measurement anecdotes, Error:
Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found
with some publications of remote radio frequency voice transmission use being in media of
variable reliability, such reports are supported by descriptions of non-lethal weapon applications
Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not
found and designation as a weapons capability. Error: Reference source not found Error:
Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found The fact is that these accounts or
any remote harassment complaints have no adequate investigation because medical texts and
professors teach that such claims are symptoms of mental illness, despite abundant indications
that voice transmission and human tracking has long enabled feasibility for continuously
 10

isolating sound or voice to individuals. Engineering development must be appreciated as often

proprietary, and less published than open science, especially in areas with covert application.
Implementing microwave hearing voice transmission apparently would involve little more than
programming a radar tracking beam for the necessary characteristics.
Former President Carter’s National Security advisor, Brzezinski logically makes the
compelling prediction of a more controlled and directed society dominated by a power elite
willing to use the latest modern techniques for influencing behavior without hindrance by liberal
democratic values. 164 Since prevalent expertise assumes that voice transmission perception by
any possible victim only has basis as a psychotic symptom without reality, serious complaints
have such disregard that the ability to bear witness in journalistic or police investigation, and
court proceeding is readily compromised. Potential targets are multiple, and may include anyone
worth manipulation: domestic adversaries; witnesses of improprieties; security risks, which may
only comprise classified disclosures; those prone to committing advantageous felonies; and even
those psychologically similar to other targets for development or training purposes. Any such
voice transmission technology is most applicable within the same language and culture. Security
agencies have little legal accountability, especially in utilization of unrecognized technology.
Legality is readily circumvented by executive orders (particularly declaring an emergency
situation), which can be sealed with the prerogative only accountable to co-equal government
branches.
Though complaint of ‘hearing voices’ is routinely diagnosed as psychotic 165 with
organized and academic medicine largely ignoring any technology for such capacity, Error:
Reference source not found some psychiatric recognition exists for a high likelihood of
microwave non-lethal weapons testing of thought or behavior influence on unwitting civilians, 166
and the need for new diagnostic criteria. 167 The current standard of care severely discredits
anyone claiming such an affliction. Longstanding complaints by numerous individuals about
remote voice transmission to the medical community Error: Reference source not found are too
correspondent with the technological development herein documented to further ignore. The
rationale for civil rights abrogation based on the presumption that such symptoms have no
plausible external etiology requires justification by rational investigation. Without adequate
investigation, final diagnoses cannot be regarded as conclusive, but must be viewed as
presumptive. Undermining such presumption are some hallucination brain response reports that
support microwave hearing as a simulated hallucination mechanism by indicating involvement of
the initial hearing pathway, which is a promising criterion for differential diagnosis. 168
Microwave hearing is actually heard through the cochlea of the inner ear causing
activation of associated brain nuclei resulting in the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). 169 170
171
The ABR is a validated hearing evaluation technique for unresponsive patients. 172 The ABR
could be altered for patient indication of voice transmission/hallucination instead of audible tone
presentation. An ABR is not expected to occur from endogenous hallucination that has inner
speech mis-identification as the current leading theory.
Radio frequency field measurement in the vicinity of complainants, especially with
attention to directional cranial localization is appropriate with any field elevation further
characterized. Investigation of electrophysiological deficits correspondent between microwave
bioeffects and schizophrenia 173 compared with and without electromagnetic shielding might
provide differentiation with existing magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetoencephalography
facilities shielded from commercial signals, but radar effectiveness must be proven. At least the
 11

burst-pulse microwave voice transmission patents are pulsed at such high frequencies that an
additional ultrasound component is expected, Error: Reference source not found similar to
microwave thermoacoustically induced ultrasound tomography. 174 Even recordings claiming an
ability to capture harassment sounds Error: Reference source not found have support in that
condenser microphones are responsive to the thermoacoustic effect though as induced by a laser.
175

Considering the number of patients who complain of remote influence and actual
authentic indications of such technology, due investigative diligence is required to avoid the
appearance of ethical negligence in remuneration for unsubstantiated opinion that violates basic
human rights. The ambiguity of diagnostic supposition is supported by extensive correlations of
microwave bioeffects with reported schizophrenia symptoms other than ’voices.’ Error:
Reference source not found Even the most apparently bizarre of Schneiderian symptoms may
have basis in that recent EEG analysis studies confirm and extend the feasibility of thought
reading, which was reported initially by a 1975 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
study, and there are references to ‘remote EEG’ microwave methods. 176
Certainly there exists natural etiology by the numbers afflicted across hallucination
involved disorders. Presently the possibility of diagnostic confusion introduced by any
implementation of particularly microwave hearing voice transmission is undefined. However,
the highest incidence of any unappreciated etiology would be expected in the ‘paranoid’
schizophrenia subtype.
 Radio Frequency Hearing Articles per Year

6
Article Quantity

5
4
3
2
1
0
1956

1959

1962
1965
1968

1971

1974
1977

1980

1983
1986
1989
1992
1995

1998

2001
Year

Military Support Acknowledged No Military Support Acknowledged

Figure 1. Histogram of article quantity per year for Elder and Chou, 2003 Error: Reference source not
found radio frequency auditory response review citations. Simple sound radio frequency hearing
publications increase on and after the date given (1973) for Dr. Sharp’s account of successful microwave
hearing voice transmission for total and military supported investigations. Maximal quantities for each
category occur the year before the Oskar, 1980 Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development
Command study affirms microwave hearing speech transmission as a study rationale. Acknowledgement
of military support in prior or post periods are half the rate that occurs for investigations dated from 1973
through 1983, wherein 45 % of these studies acknowledge military support. Though some military
supported reports originated from naval laboratories, the primary military funding source was the Office of
Naval Research with only one study having additional Army funding contribution, and another study solely
Air Force funded. Note the relative lack of publications during the O’Loughlin and Loree patent period of
development (1996-2001).
Acknowledgements: Thanks are given to John Allman for financially supporting an
initial draft and Alfredo Julio Nieto Centeno for encouraging donations. Thanks are also
given to God for inspiration, Sharon Weinberger for the Air Force patent FOIA releases,
as well as the suggestions of Dr. Paul Canner and Dr. Allen Barker.

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