CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

The introduction of digital humidity monitoring systems for indoor spaces has revolutionized the

way we monitor the humidity levels in our homes and workplaces. These systems use advanced

technology to monitor and regulate the humidity levels in a room, ensuring that the air is

comfortable and healthy to breathe. Humidity is an important factor in indoor air quality, and it

can have a significant impact on our health and well-being. High humidity levels can lead to

mold growth, which can cause respiratory problems and allergies. Low humidity levels can cause

dry skin, respiratory problems, and even damage to furniture and other household items.

The system uses sensor to measure the humidity levels in a room. It can be programmed to

maintain a specific humidity range, and some systems even have the ability to learn your

preferences and adjust the humidity levels automatically. One of the main benefits of digital

humidity systems is that they are easy to use and require minimal maintenance. They can be

controlled remotely using a smart phone app, and some systems even have voice control

capabilities. This makes it easy to adjust the humidity levels in your home or office from

anywhere, at any time.

Another benefit of digital humidity systems is that they are energy-efficient. They use advanced

technology to regulate the humidity levels in a room, which means that they use less energy than

traditional humidifiers and dehumidifiers.

1
The monitoring of environmental variables such as temperature, pressure and humidity has a

long history of development and the variables have shown significant impact in the productivity

of plant growth, the quality of food industry and the efficiency of many temperature and

humidity sensitive equipment. The monitoring of temperature and humidity of laboratories,

storages, halls, school and hospitals is important with respect to health and hygiene. The reliable

measurement and monitoring is crucial in this competitive era of technology. Arduino, the open

source hardware has shown ability to meet the need of accurate and real-time monitoring of

environmental variables. The Arduino user community is a forum where many people can share

their ideas, use each other’s work and modify them to innovate and advance many different

interacting objects.

Arduino is use in a wide range of projects to develop objects that can interact with people or

environment and internet. Arduino has been used to build robots, drones, remote controllers,

monitoring devices and many interesting objects which is a one big step towards making the

world more automated and sustainable. Arduino can be told to do such things in appropriate

language that Arduino understand: C, C++.

The projects related to monitoring environmental variables are simple and common but with

great importance; many projects on greenhouse building monitoring and household monitoring

are available. This thesis was expected to be helpful in learning electronics and programming as

well as documentation process.

1.2 Statement of Problem

The statement of problem for a humidity system would typically involve defining the specific

2
issue or challenges related to monitoring humidity levels in a given environment, some possible

examples of humidity monitoring system problems include;

 Inconsistent humidity levels

 Inaccurate humidity monitoring

1.3 Aim and Objectives

Aim

To develop a digital humidity monitoring system for indoor spaces that is able to accurately

measure and monitor the humidity levels in a given space.

Objectives

1. To design a digital humidity monitoring system that is easy to install and use.

2. To develop a user-friendly interface for the digital humidity monitoring system.

3. To ensure that the digital humidity monitoring system is accurate and reliable.

4. To create a system that is able to alert users when humidity levels exceed a certain threshold.

1.4 Significance of Study

A digital humidity monitoring system is a device that measures the level of humidity in a given

environment. This system is important because it helps to maintain the optimal humidity level in

various settings, such as homes, offices, hospitals, and laboratories. Humidity levels that are too

high or too low can have negative effects on human health, as well as on the performance of

equipment and materials.

By using digital humidity monitoring system, individuals and organizations can ensure that the

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humidity level in their environment is within the recommended range.

1.5 Scope of Study

This project will be using a humidity sensor which senses the change in the environment and also

monitors it so as not to pass the standard humidity level. The roughly operation of this device is

that once it’s being powered on it immediately measures the humidity of the indoor spaces and

displays it on the LCD.

This device also sends an alarming warning to the user once the humidity level decreases past the

standard humidity or increases past the standard humidity. The device stops operating as it’s

powered off. Also, the limitation is that the device only measures and monitor the humidity level

then sending warning when it passes the threshold which is later displayed on the LCD provided.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air.

Monitoring: This is a process to periodically collect, analyze and use information to actively

manage performance.

Indoor spaces: It means an area, room, premises that are enclosed by a roof and walls.

System: A set or arrangement of things connected to form an organic whole.

Environment: It can be defined as the sum total of all the living and non-living elements and

their affects that influence human life.

Arduino: It is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community
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that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for

building digital devices

Buzzer: is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or

piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers,

train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Monitoring: observe and check the progress or quality of (something) over a period of time;

keep under systematic review.

IDE: An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that helps

programmers develop software code efficiently. It increases developer productivity by

combining capabilities such as software editing, building, testing, and packaging in an easy-to-

use application.

Sensors: a device that responds to a physical stimulus (such as heat, light, sound, pressure,

magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse (as for measurement or

operating a control)

Micro controller: is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an

embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output

(I/O) peripherals on a single chip.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Certainly! Here's a literature review on humidity monitoring systems:

"Design and Implementation of a Wireless Humidity Monitoring System for Agricultural

Applications" by Li et al. (2017):

This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless humidity monitoring system

specifically tailored for agricultural applications. The study focuses on the development of low-

cost sensor nodes that can collect and transmit humidity data wirelessly. The authors discuss the

system architecture, sensor selection, data transmission protocols, and field testing results.

"A Review of Humidity Sensing Technologies and Their Applications" by Wu et al. (2019):

This review paper provides an overview of various humidity sensing technologies and their

applications. The authors discuss the principles and characteristics of different humidity sensors,

such as capacitive, resistive, and optical sensors. They also highlight the advancements in

humidity sensing technologies and their integration into different fields, including healthcare,

environmental monitoring, and industrial automation.

"Calibration Techniques for Humidity Sensors: A Review" by Sharma and Sharma (2020):

This review article focuses on the calibration techniques employed for humidity sensors. The
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authors discuss the importance of calibration for ensuring accurate humidity measurements and

explore various calibration methods, including two-point calibration, multi-point calibration, and

dynamic calibration. The paper provides insights into the challenges and advancements in

humidity sensor calibration techniques.

"Design and Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Humidity Monitoring in

Greenhouses" by Y. Xu et al. (2014): This study focuses on the design and implementation of a

wireless sensor network for humidity monitoring in greenhouse environments. It discusses the

selection of appropriate sensors, data transmission protocols, and system architecture,

highlighting the benefits of real-time monitoring for efficient greenhouse management.

"Development of a Low-Cost Humidity Monitoring System for Grain Storage" by J. Chen et al.

(2016): The authors present a low-cost humidity monitoring system specifically designed for

grain storage facilities. They discuss the selection of sensors, calibration techniques, and the

development of a data acquisition and analysis system. The study emphasizes the importance of

accurate humidity monitoring in preventing grain spoilage and optimizing storage conditions.

"Wireless Sensor Network-Based Humidity Monitoring System for HVAC Applications" by R.

Manivannan et al. (2017): This research focuses on the development of a wireless sensor

network (WSN) for humidity monitoring in HVAC systems. The authors propose a decentralized

architecture for the WSN, considering factors such as energy efficiency, scalability, and reliable

data transmission. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system in

maintaining optimal humidity levels in HVAC applications.

"Internet of Things-Based Humidity Monitoring System for Indoor Air Quality Assessment" by

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A. Elmaghraby et al. (2018): The authors present an Internet of Things (IoT) based humidity

monitoring system for indoor air quality assessment. They discuss the integration of humidity

sensors with IoT platforms, data analysis techniques, and visualization of real-time humidity

data. The study highlights the importance of monitoring indoor humidity for maintaining a

healthy and comfortable environment.

"Performance Evaluation of Humidity Monitoring Systems in Data Centers" by S. Liu et al.

(2019): This study evaluates the performance of humidity monitoring systems in data center

environments. The authors compare different types of humidity sensors, calibration methods, and

data logging techniques. They discuss the challenges associated with humidity monitoring in

data centers and propose recommendations for improving system accuracy and reliability.

"Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring: Application to Humidity Monitoring

in Museums" by S. Comas-Bru et al. (2020): The authors investigate the application of wireless

sensor networks for humidity monitoring in museum environments. They discuss the deployment

of sensors, data analysis techniques, and the integration of the monitoring system with a

museum's HVAC system. The study emphasizes the importance of humidity control in

preserving cultural artifacts.

Digital Humidity Monitoring System for Indoor Spaces: A Review of Current Technologies and

Applications (2018):

This review article provides an overview of the current technologies and applications of digital

humidity monitoring systems for indoor spaces. The authors discuss the different types of

sensors used in these systems, such as capacitive, resistive, and thermal sensors. They also

discuss the different types of controllers used to regulate humidity levels, such as PID controllers
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and fuzzy logic controllers. The article concludes that digital humidity monitoring systems are

effective in maintaining comfortable and healthy indoor environments.

Development of a Digital Humidity Monitoring System for Indoor Spaces (2019):

This research article describes the development of a digital humidity monitoring system for

indoor spaces. The system consists of a capacitive humidity sensor, a microcontroller, and a

LCD display. The authors tested the system in a laboratory setting and found that it was able to

accurately measure humidity levels. They also found that the system was able to maintain a

desired humidity level by controlling a humidifier and a dehumidifier.

Evaluation of a Digital Humidity Monitoring System for Indoor Spaces (2020):

This research article evaluates the performance of a digital humidity monitoring system for

indoor spaces. The system consists of a resistive humidity sensor, a microcontroller, and a

wireless communication module. The authors tested the system in a residential building and

found that it was able to accurately measure humidity levels and maintain a desired humidity

level. They also found that the system was easy to install and use.

2.1 Conceptual Review

Digital humidity monitoring system is designed to help maintain a comfortable and healthy

indoor environment by providing accurate and real-time humidity readings.

The system typically consists of a sensor that is placed in the indoor space and a digital display

unit that shows the humidity levels. The sensor measures the amount of moisture in the air and

sends the data to the display unit, which then displays the readings in a user-friendly format.

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  Benefits:

One of the key benefits of a digital humidity monitoring system is that it can help prevent

the growth of mold and mildew in indoor spaces. High humidity levels can create a

breeding ground for these harmful organisms, which can cause health problems and

damage to property. By monitoring the humidity levels and taking appropriate action

when necessary, the system can help prevent these issues from occurring. Another benefit

of a digital humidity monitoring system is that it can help improve indoor air quality.

High humidity levels can lead to the growth of dust mites and other allergens, which can

cause respiratory problems and other health issues. By maintaining optimal humidity

levels, the system can help reduce the presence of these allergens and improve overall air

quality. In addition to these benefits, a digital humidity monitoring system can also help

save energy and reduce costs. By maintaining optimal humidity levels, the system can

help reduce the workload on heating and cooling systems, which can lead to lower energy

bills and reduced maintenance costs. Also, a digital humidity monitoring system is an

essential tool for maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. By

providing accurate and real-time humidity readings, the system can help prevent the

growth of harmful organisms, improve indoor air quality, and save energy and costs.

2.2 Theoretical Review on Related Work

For many years, researchers and engineers have been working on real time and remote

monitoring systems to serve their various needs. For example, a “Low-power hybrid wireless

network for monitoring infant incubator” was published by Shin et al. (2004).

They have designed a wireless network for monitoring infant incubators using Infra-Red (IR)
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and RF modules. This system monitors the temperature and humidity of infant incubators and

sends the data to a host computer when the host computer requests for the data through IR

communication. It sends the ID of the slave device and when an ID is received and if it matches

with a slave device, the slave will send the data to the host computer through RF module. In this

study, two-way communication platform was used; one is to send request to slave devices (IR)

and another is to send data to the host (RF).

National Instrument LabView software was used to plot the data using a computer. Some of the

drawbacks of this system are: To implement this system, a host computer and a LabView

software are needed, which increased the cost, limited the range, and provided no alert method to

notify the user. Limit in range is due to using RF.

Another system has been designed by Wen-Tsai Sung and Ming-Han Tsai outlined in their

publication titled: “Multi-Sensor Wireless Signal Aggregation for Environmental Monitoring

System via Multi-bit Data Fusion” using ZigBee, a protocol based on the Institute of Electrical

and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4 (IEEE 802.15.4). As shown in Figure 3.1, sensor nodes send

the data to a ZigBee motherboard that collects the data from all nodes and sends them to the user

computer through a Universal Serial Bus (USB).

This system uses low power, has a low cost, and is small in size. The disadvantages of this

system are low data transfer rate, short distance data transmission, and remote monitoring is not

implemented

A cellular temperature monitoring system available on the market. It is manufactured by a

company called “Temperature alert ”. This system is capable of measuring temperature and if the

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temperature goes out of range, it alerts the user through e-mail. This system allows the use of up

to four wired temperature sensors. Maximum Sampling rate of this system is 12 samples per

minute. This system costs $450 and each sensor costs $35. The system with four sensors costs

around $600. Since this system uses cellular network, the company provides a monthly plan that

costs around $31/ month.

This system has several drawbacks and is not suitable for our purpose. By using this system only

the temperature can be measured and it also cannot be monitored on real time. It is very

challenging to use this inside the building, because in some labs cellular network coverage is not

available. The system does not only have a onetime cost, however, every month the user has to

keep paying for the monthly cellular plan as well.

Moreover, the cellular plan and the data server are maintained by the company. This makes the

user rely on the company forever.

Another temperature and humidity transmitter is a product available from Cooper Atkins. It is a

3.5 by 1.5 by 1 inch small device embedded with temperature and relative humidity sensors. This

device transmits the data using 900 MHz RF signal to the host computer. It has a transmitting

range of up to 2500 ft. This device can be powered by 2/3 A size LiMnO2 battery and the battery

life is 2-5 years. The company provides the application software that collects the data and plots

them in real time. Drawbacks of the systems are: since the sensors are built within the device, it

is not possible to use the device in the current experiment setup. The containers are going to be

placed in the incubator. The shielding property of the incubator will not allow the RF signal to be

transmitted. Remote monitoring is limited to 2500 ft and no alert feature is implemented.

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There are several temperature and relative humidity data loggers that are available on the market.

These data loggers save the temperature and relative humidity data over long periods. The data

can be retrieved later using a personal computer or using specific hardware. The company

“OMEGA” has produced egg temperature humidity data loggers. As shown in figure 3.4 this

data logger has the size of an egg and it responds to the environment in the same way as a real

egg does. Record start time and sampling rate can be programmed using a computer. Once it is

configured, it can be placed in the experiment environment. This device comes with user

replaceable battery and a non-volatile memory. This memory can hold 32,767 readings and

retains the data even after battery is discharged. Average battery life is one year. This device is

not suitable for our experimental setup. If we use this device inside the box, the box has to be

opened each time a reading is needed. Each time the box is opened, the relative humidity and

temperature of the seed boxes will be disturbed. In addition, No alert feature or real time

monitoring is implemented.

Temperature and relative humidity controlled incubators are available on the market. One of the

leading incubators on the market. It has temperature and relative humidity control system and

data logging capability. Surface heating technology is used throughout the incubator. This

incubator can log the data for ten years. The company provides the software needed to set the

parameters of interest and retrieve the data. Drawbacks of using these chambers: one has to

replace all the temperature controlled incubators that are available now in the biology

department, which will be cost prohibitive. In addition, these incubators are big in size and more

space is needed in a lab. Using one incubator at a time, results in only one experiment that can be

carried out at a certain temperature and relative humidity.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology

This chapter presents full details and description of how the project will be carried out and the

procedures/techniques involved in the system design. In order to achieve this, we will adopt the

model called System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and this involves the following stages;

3.1 System Investigation

Before the commencement of this project, I carefully investigated the existing system and

discovered that it was in traditional form. The existing system for monitoring humidity in indoor

spaces was a manual device, requiring manual readings of the humidity level. This system was

labor intensive and time consuming, and requires a person to be present to take the readings.

Additionally, the readings were limited to a single point in time and might not provide an

accurate picture of the humidity level over time. The traditional humidity monitoring system for

indoor spaces typically consists of a humidity sensor, a data logger, and a display. The humidity

sensor measures the relative humidity (RH) of the space. The data logger records the RH data

over time, and the display shows the current RH levels. The data logger can be connected to a

computer or network, allowing for remote monitoring and analysis of the RH data.

3.2 Problem of the Existing System

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I discovered that the existing system which is the traditional humidity monitoring has so many

lapses in which includes the following below;

i. High Cost: Traditional humidity monitoring systems are often expensive to install and

maintain due to the need for additional hardware and software components.

ii. Maintenance: Regular maintenance is required to ensure proper functioning of the

system, which can be time consuming and costly.

iii. Accuracy: These systems are not always accurate in measuring the humidity levels in an

indoor space, which can lead to incorrect readings and inaccurate data.

iv. Limited Range: Traditional humidity monitoring systems are limited in their range and

may not be able to measure humidity levels in large indoor spaces.

v. Power Outages: In the event of a power outage, these systems may not be able to provide

accurate readings or data.

3.3 Proposed Alternative System

With the problem of the existing system, I proposed to design a system which is the digital

humidity monitoring system for indoor spaces as an alternative to the current manual system.

This system would utilize digital sensors to measure the humidity level in an indoor space and

provide accurate, real-time readings. The readings would be transmitted to a central server,

where they would be stored and analyzed. This system would provide a more comprehensive

view of the humidity levels in an indoor space over time and would require less labor and time to

maintain. Additionally, the system could be set up to trigger alerts when the humidity levels

exceed a certain threshold. This would provide an additional layer of protection against mold and

other humidity-related problems.

The stages involved in this section are described below;

1. System Overview:

The digital humidity monitoring system will be used to measure the indoor humidity of a

space. The system will be capable of detecting and alerting users when the humidity level is

outside of a specified range.

2. System Requirements:

The requirements of this system involves both the hardware and software systems

 Humidity sensor(digital humidity and temperature 11)

 Arduino uno

 Liquid crystal display

 Buzzer

 Connecting wires

 Printed circuit board

 10k ohm potentiometer

 Enclosure(casing)

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Software specification;

 Arduino IDE

 C programming language

3. System Design:

This system is designed with a humidity sensor, a Micro-controller (Arduino), buzzer, and a

liquid crystal display. The process of monitoring the air humidity in the room can be explained

as follows: The humidity sensor is used to measure the relative humidity of the indoor space. The

Arduino is used to process the data from the sensor and store it in the data storage device, the

Sensors mounted on arduino calculates the humidity of the server space, and the results will be

analyzed first. In that case, the paired arduino sensor will send a warning to liquid crystal display

if the humidity is above 55 percent, the user receives an alert inform via Buzzer. (Note that the

relative standard humidity for indoor spaces is between 30% and 50).

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 START

Sensor takes data

Set desired
humidity level

Monitor
humidity level

If humidity
level exceeds If Yes
threshold

If humidity Give sound

END

Fig 3.1 System Flowchart

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 View Humidity Readings

Set Humidity Threshold

User
Receive Alert

Fig 3.2 System Use Case Diagram

In this use case diagram, we have the main actor "User" who interacts with the "Humidity

Monitor System." The user can perform the following actions:

View Humidity Readings: The user can access the system to view real-time or historical

humidity readings obtained from the sensors.

Set Humidity Threshold: The user can set the desired humidity threshold values to define

acceptable ranges. The system can use these thresholds to trigger alerts if the humidity exceeds

or falls below the specified limits.

Receive Alerts: The user can receive alerts or notifications when the humidity levels surpass or

below the defined thresholds. The alert will be sent through buzzer

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Fig 3.3 System Circuit Diagram

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3.5 Hardware and Software System Requirements

A digital humidity monitoring system consists of a humidity sensor, arduino uno, liquid crystal

display, power supply, enclosure, and software. These components work together to measure and

display the relative humidity of the surrounding environment. The following are the components

used in building a digital humidity monitoring system.

3.5.1 Hardware Requirement

 Humidity sensor(DHT 11)

 Arduino uno

 Liquid crystal display

 Buzzer

 Connecting wires

 Printed circuit board

 10k ohm potentiometer

 Enclosure(casing)

3.5.2 Software Requirement

 Arduino IDE

 C programming language

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS

A digital humidity monitoring system is a device that measures and displays the relative

humidity of the surrounding environment. It is used in various applications such as in homes,

offices, hospitals, and industries to maintain a comfortable and safe environment. The following

are the components used in building a digital humidity monitoring system:

1. Humidity Sensor (DHT11): DHT11 (Digital Humidity and Temperature) sensor senses the

temperature and humidity of the surrounding and gives a calibrated digital signal output. The

sensor includes a resistive type humidity measurement component along with an NTC

temperature measurement component. It is connected to an arduino for high performance which

offers excellent quality, fast response and anti-interference ability. It has a low power operating

range (3V-5V). The component is 3-pin single row package and the major feature of this sensor

is that the data for both temperature and humidity is available on a single data pin of the sensor

2. Arduino UNO: The arduino is the brain of the system. It is an open-source prototyping

platform. Arduino boards are able to receive inputs and can convert into relevant output. It

contains on-board power supply, USB port to communicate with PC (personal computer), and an

ATMEL microcontroller chip. It simplifies the process of creating any control system by

providing the standard board that can be programmed and connected to the system without the

need to any sophisticated PCB design and implementation. It is inexpensive, open-source and

extensible, cross-platform and has a clear IDE

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3. Liquid Crystal Display: is used in all the electronics projects to display the status of the

process. A 16x2 alphanumeric LCD is most widely used module of LCD nowadays. There are

several other types of LCD available in the market also. Its low in cost, easily programmable,

displays large number of characters and compatible with almost all microprocessor and

microcontroller. 16x2 LCD has two horizontal line comprising a space of 16 displaying

character. It has two inbuilt registers:

 Command Register

 Data Register

4. Buzzer: is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or

piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers,

train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

5. Connecting wires: Connecting wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a

connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them –simply “tinned”), which is normally

used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally

or with other equipment or components, without soldering. Individual jump wires are fitted by

inserting their “end connectors” into the slots provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a

circuit board, or a piece of test equipment.

6. Printed Circuit board: A printed circuit board (PCB) is a predesigned copper track on a

conducting sheet which mechanically supports and electrically connects, electronic components

using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-

conductive substrate. The pre-defined tracks reduce the wiring thereby reducing the faults arising

23
due to lose connections. Simply place the components on the PCB and solder them.

7. 10k ohm potentiometer: A trimpot or trimmer potentiometer is a small potentiometer which is

used for adjustment, tuning, and calibration in circuits. Trimpots or presets are normally mounted

on printed circuit boards and adjusted by using a screwdriver.

8. Enclosure (casing): The enclosure is used to protect the system from external factors

such as dust, moisture, and physical damage. It can be made of plastic, metal, or any other

suitable material.

Software Specification;

1. Arduino IDE

The brain part of the building monitoring system, the Arduino IDE (integrated development

environment), is a software development environment or software application for Arduino where

users can write different kind of computer programs and test. The user can write codes in IDE in

a language which an Arduino understands, i.e. C, C++. The program (codes) written in IDE,

when uploaded into the Arduino microcontroller determines what and how the system works.

The Arduino IDE comes with a ‘built-in code parser’ that studies the validity of the written codes

before sending it to the Arduino. The compilation and translation work is done in IDE after

checking the validity of codes. After translating the code, the IDE uploads the program to the

Arduino microcontroller (Kouhia, 2016). IDE software includes the set of different programs

that are ready for being tested on the device. Just like in other programming platform, Arduino

IDE can also be extended with the use of libraries; the IDE installation includes the installation

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of number of libraries (Anon., 2017). It has two main functions ‘setup()’ function and ‘loop()’

functions. The setup part is where the codes should be written so that the program runs and the

loop part is where the codes should be written so that the program runs with repetition until the

power off or reset button is pushed. It allows users to program and edit Arduino to do anything

they like to do with it. Depending upon the feature of different boards, the IDE enables

communication with Arduino board through USB (Kouhia, 2016). The following figure shows

the screen capture of Arduino IDE.

2. C programming language

4.2 Description of the new system

First, we have placed the temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11) in the premises, where the

monitoring is to be done. The sensor is interfaced with the Arduino UNO development board.

The programming in the Arduino board will convert the analog output of sensor into digital

form. The digital values of humidity would be displayed on LCD. Additionally, a threshold

humidity is set in the Arduino through programming which analyze that if the humidity level of

the spaces rises beyond that threshold, then automatically the measures to maintain the humidity

tends to trigger the alarm and is displayed on the LCD. The Arduino is powered by DC

Adapters/USB chords connected to a power bank. Rest of all the components in setup are

powered by the Arduino (+5V).

4.2.1 How Users Relate With The System

A user can interact with a digital humidity monitoring system for indoor spaces by first setting

the desired humidity level for the space. The user can then monitor the humidity levels through

25
the system's digital display or mobile app. The user can also adjust the humidity level as needed,

and the system will automatically adjust the humidity in the space to meet the desired level. The

user can also receive alerts when the humidity levels exceed or fall below the desired level.

4.3 Hardware and Software Requirements to function

Hardware requirements;

 Humidity sensor(DHT 11)

 Arduino uno

 Liquid crystal display

 Buzzer

 Connecting wires

 Vero board

 10k ohm potentiometer

 Enclosure(casing)

Software requirements;

 Arduino IDE

 C programming language

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4.4 Output Design

Fig 4.1 The Inner part of the system

27
Fig 4.2 The System when it’s powered on

28
Fig 4.3 System showing the Result

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

In summary, a digital humidity monitor system is an important tool used to measure and monitor

humidity levels in various environments. These systems utilize different sensor technologies,

such as capacitive, resistive, and optical sensors, to accurately measure humidity. Calibration

techniques, such as two-point calibration and dynamic calibration, ensure the accuracy and

reliability of the sensor readings. Sample readings of humidity have also been presented in a

summer setting environment. Furthermore, brief observation of how digital and analogue

humidity sensors (used in this monitoring system) compare against each other are noted.

Effective monitoring of the indoor space help with efficient controls, which in turn can extend to

reduced load or demand on the system. The system can be placed at different positions in the

same location, or can also be hybrid i.e. installed in multiple rooms or buildings with multiple

positions in the same location.

This monitoring system has shown great promise for effective management of the building

environment.

The huge developments in the field of Information and communication technology in the climate

change, mitigation, adoption and monitoring have added significant improvements to the

traditional techniques in terms of accuracy, reliability, and faster data transfer. Consequently,

these updated techniques reduce the overall system cost; provide real time observation, low

30
power consumption, lively tracking, real time data processing and analysis. At the end of the

day, having such improved national humidity monitoring system will positively affect people’s

livelihoods.

5.2 Conclusion

In conclusion, digital humidity monitor systems are essential tools used to measure and monitor

humidity levels in various environments. These systems provide accurate and real-time humidity

readings, allowing users to maintain optimal conditions for processes, products, and human

comfort. Throughout this literature review, several key points have emerged:

1. Sensor Technologies: Various sensor technologies, such as capacitive, resistive, and optical

sensors, are used to measure humidity. Each technology has its advantages and considerations,

including sensitivity, accuracy, response time, and cost.

2. Calibration Techniques: Calibration is crucial for ensuring accurate humidity measurements.

Two-point calibration, multi-point calibration, and dynamic calibration are common techniques

used to calibrate humidity sensors and compensate for drift and inaccuracies.

3. Data Acquisition and Processing: Humidity monitor systems utilize analog-to-digital

conversion, signal conditioning, and microcontrollers or digital processing units for data

acquisition and processing. Communication protocols enable data transmission to external

devices or systems.

4. Applications: Humidity monitor systems find applications in various industries, including

HVAC systems, industrial processes, agriculture, and preservation of artifacts. These systems

help maintain optimal humidity levels, ensuring product quality, human comfort, and
31
environmental preservation.

As technology advances, there is a continuous focus on developing more efficient and cost-

effective humidity sensors, improving calibration techniques, and integrating humidity monitor

systems with the Internet of Things (IoT) for enhanced remote monitoring and control.

Overall, digital humidity monitor systems play a vital role in maintaining and controlling

humidity levels in diverse settings, contributing to improved efficiency, productivity, and well-

being. Continued research and development in this field will further enhance the capabilities and

applications of these systems in the future.

5.3 Recommendation

It is recommended that anyone who wishes to carry out such project can improve the project

more by including the controls into the system if the humidity level exceeds the threshold. The

instrument needed for the control is known as a HUMIDIFIER.

32
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37
 APPENDIX A

degree symbol

Code

#include<dht.h> // Including library for dht

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);

#define dht_dpin 12

dht DHT;

byte degree[8] =

38
 0b00011,

0b00011,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000,

0b00000

};

void setup()

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.createChar(1, degree);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(" Humidity ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" Measurement ");

39
delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Circuit Digest ");

delay(2000);

void loop()

DHT.read11(dht_dpin);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Humidity: ");

lcd.print(DHT.humidity); // printing Humidity on LCD

lcd.print(" %");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Temperature:");

lcd.print(DHT.temperature); // Printing temperature on LCD

lcd.write(1);

lcd.print("C");

40
 delay(500);

APPENDIX B

Step 1: The user can set the desired humidity threshold values to define acceptable ranges.

Step 2: The user can access the system to view real-time or historical humidity readings obtained

from the sensors

Step 3: The User can receive alert through buzzer

41