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Normalization

Normalization is a process in database management aimed at organizing data efficiently by eliminating redundancy and ensuring logical data dependencies. It involves a series of guidelines known as normal forms, ranging from First Normal Form (1NF) to Fourth Normal Form (4NF), each with specific requirements to enhance data organization. The process cumulatively builds on previous normal forms to achieve a well-structured database.

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3 views

Normalization

Normalization is a process in database management aimed at organizing data efficiently by eliminating redundancy and ensuring logical data dependencies. It involves a series of guidelines known as normal forms, ranging from First Normal Form (1NF) to Fourth Normal Form (4NF), each with specific requirements to enhance data organization. The process cumulatively builds on previous normal forms to achieve a well-structured database.

Uploaded by

shalih786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database.

There are two goals of the normalization process:


? Eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the same data in more than one
table).
? Ensuring data dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table).
Both of
these are worthy goals as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and
ensure that data is logically stored.
The Normal Forms
The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that
databases are
normalized. These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered from one (the
lowest form of
normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fifth normal
form or 5NF).
First Normal Form (1NF)
First normal form(1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database:
? Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
? Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with
a unique
column or set of columns (the primary key).
Second Normal Form (2NF)
Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative
data:
? Meet all the requirements of the first normal form.
? Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in
separate
tables.
? Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the
use
of foreign keys.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further:
? Meet all the requirements of the second normal form.
? Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF or 3.5NF)


The Boyce-Codd Normal Form also referred to as the "third and half (3.5) normal
form", adds
one more requirement:
? Meet all the requirements of the third normal form.
? Every determinant must be a candidate key.
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one additional requirement:
? Meet all the requirements of the third normal form.
? A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies. Remember, these
normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first
fulfil
all the criteria of a 1NF database.

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