Text - stretch of language, perceived as a ● Chronological, Process, or Sequence

purposeful connected whole - type of text structure that presents

- created by text internal cohesion and ideas or events in order which they
text external coherence, other term is happened
DISCOURSE - First, second, third, Later, Next,
Before, Then, Finally, After,
Academic texts - product of communication When, Since, Now/ previously,
or piece of language used for academic Actual use of dates
purposes in relation to academic courses ● Narrative - type of text structure that
narrates an event or story with
● Informative Texts - to provide characters, setting, conflict, POV, plot
information about a topic - Descriptive language,
● Persuasive texts - used to convince a (adjectives, adverbs, similes,
reader to agree with author's and metaphors)
perspective about an issue / helps ● Cause and effect - type of text structure
improve critical thinking and research that provides explanation or reasons
skills for a phenomena
● Light, amusing, interesting and - If/then, reasons why, as a result,
humorous texts - to entertain, amuse, therefore, because,
and inspire encourage and spread consequently, since - so that -
good vibes to readers for - due to
● Problem solution - type of text
COMPONENTS OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT structure that identify the problems
● purpose - meant to inform, argue a and pose solutions
point, or persuade readers - problem is - dilemma is - if/then
● writer and target audience - can be - because - so that - question/
expert or student, learned basics in the answer - puzzle is solved
field ● Compare and contrast - type of text
● text type - can be academic or structure that discusses two ideas
nonacademic events or phenomena showing
difference and similarities
Academic Texts - a text type that have their - However/yet - Nevertheless - on
own characteristic by sharing the same and the other hand - but/ whereas –
specific purpose / has target audience similarly - although -
- defined as critical, objective, also/likewise - in contrast/
specialized texts written by experts or comparison - different - either/or
professionals in a given field using - in the same way/ just as
formal language ● Definition or description - type of text
structure that describes a topic by
Non-Academic Text - may be considered that listing characteristics, features and
writing which is personal, emotional, examples
impressionistic, or subjective in nature. - for example - characteristics -
for instance - such as - including
Style - refers to how text is written, include - to illustrate
language use, credible information
Summary - a short or abbreviated version of
Text Structure - refers to how the information a longer text
within a written text is organized - to be able to shorten something (to
about a quarter of its original length)
 and still be faithful to its content, gist of a story. In other words, they
expressing only the text's essential want a summary - not a retelling of
points. every detail.
- "general idea in brief form" summary is useful when
● supporting an argument
Summarizing - Reducing text to one-third or ● writing literature review
one-quarter its, size, clearly articulating the ● providing context of a thesis
author's meaning, and retaining main ideas ● annotated bibliography
(Buckey, 2004) Thesis statement - main idea or main point of
an informative text
SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUES - provides direction of purpose of the
● Somebody wanted but so then - The text
strategy helps students generalize, - Controlling ideas that will help you
recognize cause and effect develop your paper.
relationships, and find main ideas. - Includes topic, argument and
- a summarizing technique evidence.
tackles who the story is about, - A controlling idea about the topic that
what the main character want, the writer is attempting to prove.
a problem the character - It is usually found at the beginning of
encountered, how the the text or at the end of it.
character solved the problem, - The central idea of a
and how the story ends multiple-paragraph composition.
● SAAC Method - a summarizing - A one-sentence summary that guides,
technique that states; the name of the controls, and unifies ideas when
book or article, assign; the name of writing a paper. In simple terms, all
the author , action; what is the author other ideas present in a text revolve
doing and completes; the summary around the thesis statement. The
with keywords thesis statement may be expressed or
● 5Ws 1H - This technique relies on six implied.
crucial questions: who, what, when,
where, why, and how. These questions KEY ELEMENT OF STRONG THESIS
make it easy to identify the main STATEMENT
character, important details, and main ● It is not a fact - a key element of a
ideas. strong thesis statement is that since fact
- a summarizing technique is irrefutable, it makes no argument
TACKLES WHO IS THE STORY ● it is not a question - a key element of a
ABOUT, WHAT DID THEY DO, strong thesis statement is that a
WHEN DID IT TAKE PLACE, question does not simply explain
WHERE DID IT HAPPEN, one's claim or comment about a topic
WHAT DID THE CHARACTER ● it is not an announcement - a key
DO AND HOW DID THE element of a strong thesis statement
CHARACTER DO where it avoids saying what is going
● first/then/finally - This technique helps to be discussed in a text
students summarize events in ● it is not too broad - a key element of a
chronological order. tells event that strong thesis statement it avoids
happened first, key details took place making vague and confusing thesis
in the text and the result of and action statement by making focused thesis
● give me the gist - This type of ● it is a full sentence - a key element of
technique is like giving a friend the a strong thesis statement that if it is
 written in this form, readers can easily
understand the meaning of the text Supporting Details - These details are pieces
● it requires support - a key element of a of information necessary to better
strong thesis statement is that to make it understand the main idea. They can be facts,
persuasive, facts, surveys, and reasons, testimonies, statistics, and experiments
reports should be used for roof or that support the topic sentence.
evidence to support the claim of the - major details - directly support the
topic topic sentence
● take a stand - a key element of a strong - minor details - directly support the
thesis statement should clearly show major details
your claim about the subject
● it is arguable - a key element of a Reading outline - an outline after you read a
strong thesis statement should be text (post-reading) reflect the summary or
contestable, debatable, or abstract of the text shows how the parts of a
argumentative text are related to one another as parts that
are of equal importance, or sections that are
Outline - design to follow when writing a subordinate to a main idea
structure, discourse or article.
- Arrange material in a logical way, main 2 KINDS OF OUTLINE
ideas, supporting ideas and supporting ● Decimal outline - uses numbers as
details. labels
3 TYPES OF OUTLINE ● Alpha numeric outline - uses both
● Topic outline - outline consists of letters and numbers as labels
keywords or phrases, not complete
sentences Critique - derived from ancient Greek (kritike").
- a systematic arrangement of - It is defined as a careful judgment in
ideas, using words and phrases which you shape your opinion about
for headings and subheadings the strengths and weaknesses of a
● Sentence outline - each main and piece of writing or work of art
supporting point is stated in sentence - Writing is not summary of the piece,
form as a declarative sentence rather, it is the critical evaluation to
- specifically well suited for further understand validity, worth,
complex subjects effect, use of the material that
● Paragraph outline - lists the topic ideas interests readers, and/or the
of each paragraph in order recommendation or appeal for further
- useful for long papers whose appreciation
individual sections can be
summarized into whole CRITICAL APPROACHES IN WRITING A
paragraph CRITIQUE
- used to produce condensed ● Formalism - emphasizes the form of a
version of the paper, seldom literary work to determine its meaning,
recommended by instructors focusing on literary elements and
how they work to create meaning. the
Topic Sentence - Is a sentence that key to understanding a text in through
introduces a paragraph by presenting the the text itself; the historical context, the
one topic that will be the focus of the author, or any other external contexts
paragraph. Identifies the main idea States the are not necessary in interpreting the
point that the writer wishes to make about meaning.
the subject.
 ● Feminism - suggests that readers can material (for films, performances, artwork).
fully comprehend works of literature only Thesis statement or the focus of your review.
when they pay particular attention to
the dynamics of gender This approach Body (Analysis and Interpretation) -
emphasizes the importance or Discussion of the main points of the analysis
relevance of women as subjects and or interpretation. Discussion or analysis of the
how gender been perceived in the work (critical approach). You may use the
piece Ultimately this approach seeks to critical approaches discussed in the previous
answer the question: " In the world of module. Aspects that make the art, event, or
this work, what does it mean to be a performance a success or a failure.
female?" Relationship of the work to other ideas and
● Marxist criticism - This approach tries events in the world. The movements, arts,
to unfold how socioeconomic status lines, or elements that are slistinct to the
affects hierarchy or conflicts involving wark, performance, or event. Identify some of
social classes in the masterpiece. the similarities throughout the work (ie.,
This approach likewise repetition of lines, two songs in each act).
● Reader response - It promotes the identify some of the points of emphasis in the
theory that reading is fundamentally a work (ie., specific scene, figure, movement). The
transactional experience. This relationships of subject, movements, and
approach stresses that the reader characters. Note: You should also take note
herself can put meaning and interpret about the guidelines in writing a critique. You
every part of the text. The text is may focus on one critical approach to analyze
nothing unless it has been read and the art or event.
interpreted by the reader. The readers
reaction and interaction made out of the CONCLUSION (EVALUATION/JUDGEMENT) -
piece recreates and develops a further A statement indicating the overall evaluation
depth of meaning of the work. A summary of the loey reasons
identified during the critical evaluation, why
Review/critique - This is a specialized form of this evaluation was formed. The significance of
writing in which a critic or a reader evaluates the event/work Comparisons to a similar work
any of the following a scholarly work Recommendation
(academic books and articles) a work of art
(performance art, play, dance, sportS, film)
designs (industrial designs, furniture, fashion
designs) digital media) graphic designs (posters,
billboards, commercials)
- A critique/review usually ranges in
length from 250 to 750 words.

FORMAT OF A REVIEW/CRITIQUE OF AN
ART, EVENT, OR PERFORMANCE

Introduction (Describe) - Contains the first

impression on the work. You may begin with
a hook. Note: A hook catches the attention of
the reader. Ignites the reader's curiosity. Basic
details about the material or the event that
happened (title, director, or artist name of
exhibition/event) Main assessment of the