Cyber-Physical Systems

Introduction
IECE 553/453– Fall 2019
Prof. Dola Saha
1
Introductions
Ø Instructor
§ Prof. Dola Saha, PhD University of Colorado Boulder
§ http://www.albany.edu/faculty/dsaha/
§ https://www.albany.edu/wwwres/facultyresearch/mesalabs/
§ [email protected]

Ø Students (Identify your areas of interest)

§ Communications & Networking, Signal & Information Processing,
Computer Engineering, Electronic Circuits & Systems
2
Information
Ø Course Website:
§ https://www.albany.edu/faculty/dsaha/teach/2019Fall_ECE553/2019Fall_ECE553.html
Ø Blackboard:
§ https://blackboard.albany.edu/

Course Website Blackboard

Lecture Slides Lab Assignments / Pre-Lab
Class Calendar / Schedule Homework Assignments / Submission / Solution
Other Information Announcements
Grades

3
Office Hours
Instructor
LI 88B
Tuesday – 12:00-1:00pm
Thursday – 12:00-1:00pm
By appointment

4
Pre-Requisite
Ø ICEN 370: Digital Signal Processing
Ø ICEN 333: Programming at the Hardware Software
Interface
Ø The students are expected to be comfortable in
§ Unix/Linux environment
§ Circuits

5
Textbooks
Ø Required:
§ Edward A. Lee and Sanjit A. Seshia, "Introduction to Embedded Systems, A Cyber-Physical
Systems Approach", Second Edition, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-53381-2, 2017, available for
download [http://leeseshia.org/]
Ø Highly Recommended:
§ Derek Molloy, "Exploring Raspberry Pi: Interfacing to the Real World with Embedded Linux",
Wiley, ISBN 978-1-119-18868-1, 2016.
Ø Reference:
§ Rajeev Alur, "Principles of Cyber-Physical Systems", MIT Press
§ Danda B. Rawat, Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues, Ivan Stojmenovic, "Cyber-Physical Systems: From Theory to
Practice", CRC Press
Slides in this course will be taken from these books.
6
Assignments & Grading
Ø Assignments
§ No late assignments will be accepted.
§ All assignments are due by 11:59PM on the due date in Blackboard.
§ Re-grading requests will be considered up to 5 business days after posting the grades for the corresponding
assignment.
Ø Grading
§ Labs (Pre and post-completion) - 10%
§ Homeworks - 15%
§ Midterm - 25%
§ Final Exam - 25%
§ Project Proposal - 5%
§ Final Project - 20%
o [Model: 20%, Design - 20%, Analysis - 20%, Written Report - 20%, Final Presentation - 20%]
7
Components
Ø About 6 homeworks
Ø Weekly Lab Assignments
Ø Midterm – Written, closed book
Ø Final – Written, closed book
Ø Project (details in later slides)

8
Lab
Ø Hardware:
§ Raspberry Pi Kit (Checkout from Deneen Rogers – Li 84A)
§ Purchase Sensor Kit (Adeept or Amazon)
§ Use Lab Manual to setup Headless Raspberry Pi
Ø Software:
§ Bash script, Python and C/C++ in Raspbian OS

2017 Embedded Markets Study

Language used in embedded projects
eetimes
9
Project
Ø This is not a research project
Ø Expected to use model, design and analysis (not just design)
Ø Teams of 2 grads, 3 undergrads (recommended to not work alone)
Ø Undergraduate & graduate students should not be in the same group
Ø Students with similar technical interest are encouraged to be not in the
same group
Ø Discuss with instructor for technical plan with realistic timelines

10
Project Hardware
Ø Set of components from your lab kit

11
Project Ideas
Ø https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/
Ø https://blog.adafruit.com/category/raspberry-pi/
Ø http://iccps.acm.org/2019/ - Look at papers of previous
years to get inspiration

12
Grading Scale
Ø A: 100-95 points A-: 94-90 points

Ø B+: 89-87 points B: 86-84 points B-: 83-80 points

Ø C+: 79-77 points C: 76-73 points C-: 72-70 points

Ø D+: 69-67 points D: 66-63 points D-: 62-60 points

Ø E: 59 points and below

13
Difference between 453 and 553
Ø Extra problems in homework
Ø Extra problems in midterm
Ø Extra problems in finals
Ø Size of the project group (3 for 453, 2 for 553)

14
Academic Integrity
Ø Standards of Academic Integrity
§ https://www.albany.edu/studentconduct/27179.php

Ø Academic Dishonesty
§ Plagiarism, Cheating on examinations, unauthorized collaboration, etc.

Ø Practicing Academic Integrity

§ Citation

Ø Penalties for Violation

§ Zero in the assignment, lowering grade, failing grade, VAIR will be submitted
§ You can appeal to the department committee
15
What is Plagiarism?
Ø Getting help from the Internet and not cite it
Ø Asking someone else to write the code for you
Ø Copying your friend’s code – both the students are
involved in plagiarism

16
In Class Decorum
Ø No use of phones
Ø No use of Computers / laptops
Ø Computers will be used only during lab session
Ø DO NOT browse random things in class
Ø No crosstalk
Ø No Food/Drink
Ø Raise hand to ask questions
17
Why this course?

18
Hype Cycle
Ø gartner.com

19
Hype Cycle 2018

20
About the Term
Ø The term “cyber-physical systems” emerged in 2006,
coined by Helen Gill at the National Science Foundation in
the US.

21
NSF’s Definition of CPS
Ø Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are
built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of
computation and physical components.
Ø Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability,
scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will
expand the horizons of these critical systems.
Ø CPS technologies are transforming the way people interact
with engineered systems, just as the Internet has transformed
the way people interact with information.
22
Application Domains – major societal impact
Ø Agriculture, Aeronautics, Building design, Civil
infrastructure, energy, environmental quality, healthcare
and personalized medicine, Manufacturing, and
transportation.

23
 Biomedical
CPS Energy

Ø Cyber + Physical
Ø Computation + Dynamics + Avionics

Communication Military

Ø Security + Safety

Buildings

Manufacturing

Automotive 24
Contradictions in CPS
Ø Adaptability vs. Repeatability
Ø High connectivity vs. Security and Privacy
Ø High performance vs. Low Energy
Ø Asynchrony vs. Coordination/Cooperation
Ø Scalability vs. Reliability and Predictability
Ø Laws and Regulations vs. Technical Possibilities
Ø Economies of scale (cloud) vs. Locality (fog)
Ø Open vs. Proprietary
Ø Algorithms vs. Dynamics
25
Challenges of Working in a Multidisciplinary Area

26
Challenges of Working in a Multidisciplinary Area

Small Computer

Connected
Network Industrial System
Big Complex
System

Advanced Robot
Manufacturing 27
Automotive CPS
Ø Safer Transportation
Ø Reduced Emissions
Ø Smart Transportation
Ø Energy Efficiency
Ø Climate Change
Ø Human-Robot Collaboration

28
Example CPS System
Ø STARMAC Quadrotor Aircraft

29
STARMAC Design Block

30
What is this course about?
Ø A scientific structured approach to designing and
implementing embedded systems
Ø Not just hacking and implementing
Ø Focus on model-based system design, on embedded
hardware and software

31
Model, Design & Analysis
ØModeling is the process of gaining a deeper understanding
of a system through imitation. Models specify what a system
does.

ØDesign is the structured creation of artifacts. It specifies how

a system does what it does. This includes optimization.

ØAnalysis is the process of gaining a deeper understanding of

a system through dissection. It specifies why a system does
what it does (or fails to do what a model says it should do).

32
Textbook

33
Course Calendar
Ø https://www.albany.edu/faculty/dsaha/teach/2019Fall_ECE553/2019Fall_ECE553.
html

34