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HTML notes

HTML5 is the latest version of the Hypertext Markup Language, enhancing web development with features like simplified syntax and rich media support. The document covers the basics of HTML, including document structure, tags, text formatting, lists, hyperlinks, and an introduction to CSS, highlighting its advantages for web design. It also explains how to create HTML files and apply styles for better presentation of web content.

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bollysony152
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

HTML notes

HTML5 is the latest version of the Hypertext Markup Language, enhancing web development with features like simplified syntax and rich media support. The document covers the basics of HTML, including document structure, tags, text formatting, lists, hyperlinks, and an introduction to CSS, highlighting its advantages for web design. It also explains how to create HTML files and apply styles for better presentation of web content.

Uploaded by

bollysony152
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Created by Turbolearn AI

Introduction to HTML5

HTML5 is the latest version of the Hypertext


Markup Language, which is the standard language
for creating and designing webpages and
applications. It introduces new features and
improvements that enhance the structure,
functionality, and user experience of websites. Some
of the key features of HTML5 include:
Simplified Syntax
Cross-platform compatibility
Rich Media Support

What is HTML?

HTML is a standard markup language used to


create web pages. It stands for HyperText
Markup Language.
Hypertext: Text that you click to jump from document to document.
This is a reference to the ability of web pages to link to one another.
Markup: Tags that apply layout and formatting conventions to plain
text. Literally, the plain text is marked up with the tags.
Language: A reference to the fact that HTML is considered a
programming language.

Specifying the Document Type

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The <!DOCTYPE> declaration defines the document


type and version of HTML being used. For HTML5,
the declaration is , indicating modern web
standards. This declaration must appear at the very
beginning of the HTML document, before the tag.

HTML Tags

HTML tags are used to structure and format content


on a webpage. They define elements like headings,
paragraphs, links, images, and more. HTML is a tag-
based language that uses tags and attributes. The
first tag in a pair is the opening tag, and the second
tag is the closing tag. There are some tags that are
exceptions, where a closing tag is not required, such
as the tag.

Structure of an HTML Document

The basic structure of an HTML document includes:


<!DOCTYPE> declaration
tag
tag
tag

Creating a HTML File

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To create a HTML file, follow these steps:


1. Open a text editor or code editor.
2. Write the HTML structure.
3. Save the file with a .html extension.
4. Open the file in a web browser.

HTML Text Formatting Tags

The following are some common HTML text


formatting tags:

Tag Description

Makes text bold


Indicates strong importance (bold text)
Makes text italic
Emphasizes text (italic text)
Highlights text with a background color
Displays text in a smaller font size
Defines a paragraph
Defines a line break
Defines underlined text
or Defines strike-through text
Displays text as subscript
Displays text as superscript

HTML Heading Tags

The following are the different HTML heading tags:

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Tag Description

Represents the main heading or title of the webpage


Represents subheadings or sections under

Useful for breaking content into smaller parts

Typically used for more detailed subsections


Less commonly used but available for deep hierarchies
Used for minor details or deep subcategories

HTML List Elements

A list is a sequence of paragraphs, each of which is


preceded by a special symbol or a sequence of
numbers. The following are the different types of
HTML list elements:

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Ordered List (

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): Displays items in a sequential order (numbered)


1. Unordered List (
): Displays items in no particular order (bulleted)
Definition List (

): Used to create a list of terms and their descriptions

Inserting Special Characters

Special characters are characters that are not


included on a standard English keyboard. In
HTML, these are referred to as entities and
are created using codes beginning with an
ampersand (&) followed by an entity name or
entity number and ending with a semicolon
(;).

Inserting Horizontal Lines

The

tag is used to insert horizontal lines in the HTML document to separate


sections of the document. It is an empty or unpaired tag, meaning there is
no need for a closing tag.

Choosing Background and Foreground


Colors

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The CSS background-color property defines


the background color for an HTML element.
The foreground color in HTML usually refers
to the text color of an element, which is
specified using the color property in CSS.

Creating Hyperlinks and


Anchors/Bookmarks

A hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to


a resource that allows users to navigate from
one page or document to another, typically
through clicking on text, images, or buttons.
The basic syntax for creating hyperlinks is:

<a href="URL">Link Text</a>

The tag is used to define a hyperlink in


HTML. The href attribute specifies the URL or
destination of the link, and the Link Text is
the clickable text that the user will see.

Types of Linking

There are three types of linking:

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Internal Linking: Refers to links that point to other pages or sections


within the same website or domain.
External Linking: Refers to links that point to a resource or page on
a different website, typically outside of the current domain.
Hyperlink to an Email Address: Used to create a hyperlink to an
email address in HTML, using the mailto: protocol.

Introduction to CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple


design language intended to simplify the
process of making web pages presentable.
CSS is a code that specifies formatting based
on styles and handles the look and feel part
of a web page.

Advantages of CSS

The advantages of using CSS include:


Saves time
Pages load faster
Easy maintenance
Superior styles to HTML
Multiple device compatibility
Global web standards

Understanding Styles

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A style is a formatting rule that can be


applied to an individual tag or to all instances
of a certain tag within a document. To create
a global style rule for all tags in the
document, a

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