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EE-300 Lecture-1 (Embedded)

The document provides an overview of embedded systems, detailing their components, functions, and examples of applications. It explains the differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors, highlighting the integrated features of microcontrollers. Additionally, it outlines the development process for embedded systems, including hardware selection, software programming, and grading criteria for laboratory work.

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Waleed Abdullah2k19 EE603
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12 views19 pages

EE-300 Lecture-1 (Embedded)

The document provides an overview of embedded systems, detailing their components, functions, and examples of applications. It explains the differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors, highlighting the integrated features of microcontrollers. Additionally, it outlines the development process for embedded systems, including hardware selection, software programming, and grading criteria for laboratory work.

Uploaded by

Waleed Abdullah2k19 EE603
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE-300L

Embedded Systems Laboratory

(Lecture-1)
Dr. Imran Javed

Department of Electrical Engineering, UET


Lahore (Narowal Campus)
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 1
Embedded System (1)
• Embedded system is a system that has embedded software and hardware,
which makes it a system dedicated for an application or product or a part
of a larger system
• Embedded systems are made to perform few tasks only. After
implementation you can’t use them for other purposes.
• Examples
• TVs, MP3/DVD players, iPod's, notepads and PDAs
• Household appliances (washing machines, refrigerators ,microwave
ovens, etc.)
• Telephones, cell phones, printers, modems, cameras
• Robots, automobile engines, global positioning systems
• And many others
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 2
Embedded System (2)
• Any electronic device that measures, stores, controls, calculates, or
displays information must have an embedded processor inside and is
called an embedded system

• Main components:
1. Hardware (may be microprocessor or microcontroller)
2. Application Software
3. Real Time Operating System (RTOS)

• RTOS supervises the application software running on hardware and


organizes access to a resource according to the priorities of task in the
system.
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 3
Microcontroller (1)
• A microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer
made through VLSI fabrication.
• A microcontroller also called an embedded controller because the
microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in,
the devices they control.
• Most of the pins in the microcontroller chip are programmable by the user
for performing different functions.
• A microcontroller internally consists of all features required for a computing
system and functions as a computer without adding any external digital parts
in it.
• Higher integration inside microcontroller reduces the cost and size of the
system.
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 4
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller (1)

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 5


Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller (2)
Microprocessor Microcontroller
It is only a general purpose computer CPU It is a microcomputer itself
Memory, I/O ports, timers, interrupts are not All peripherals are integrated inside the
available inside the chip microcontroller chip
This must have many additional digital Can function as a microcomputer without any
components to perform its operation additional components.
Systems become bulkier and expensive. Make the system simple, economic and compact
Very few pins are programmable Most of the pins are programmable
Widely Used in modern PC and laptops widely in small control systems
Used in many applications, according Used for a few dedicated functions
to the program running on it determined by the system
designer.
Exp: INTEL 8086,INTEL Pentium series Exp: INTEL8051,89960,PIC16F877

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 6


Microcontroller Structure (1)

• A microcontroller has a
processor and many
peripherals integrated with it
on the same chip like flash
memory, RAM, I/O ports,
serial communication ports,
ADC, etc.

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 7


Microcontroller Structure (2)
CPU
• It is s the brain of a microcontroller. CPU is responsible for fetching the
instruction, decoding it, then finally executing it.
• CPU connects every part of a microcontroller into a single system.
• The primary function of CPU is fetching and decoding instructions. The
instruction fetched from program memory must be decoded by the CPU
Memory
• It is used to store the data and program.
• A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM
(EEPROM, EPROM, etc) or flash memories for storing program source
codes.

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 8


Microcontroller Structure (3)
Parallel input/output ports
• These ports are mainly used to drive/interface various devices such as
LCDs, LEDs, printers, memories, etc to a microcontroller.

Serial ports
• A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the MCU and other
devices such as a PC or another MCU
Timers/counters
• These allow the MCU to perform tasks for certain time periods
• The timers and counters provide all timing and counting functions
inside the microcontroller like clock functions, pulse generations and
counting external pulses, etc.
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 9
Microcontroller Structure (4)
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
• ADC converters are used for converting the analog signal (e.g. sensor output) to
digital form.
• The digital output can be used for various digital applications (e.g. measurement
devices)
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
• DAC perform reversal operation of ADC conversion.
• DAC converts the digital signal into analog format.
• It usually used for controlling analog devices like DC motors, various drives, etc.
Interrupt control
• The interrupt control used for providing interrupt (delay) for a working program.
• The interrupt may be external (activated by using interrupt pin) or internal (by using
interrupt instruction during programming).

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 10


Popular Microcontrollers
• 8051
• PIC
• AVR
• ARM

• Assignment
• Compare above families of microcontrollers with architectural
block diagram of each, their salient features, IDE software and
related description/explanation, etc.

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 11


Developing Embedded Systems

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 12


Hardware Development
• This includes choosing the right MCU for your application, so that it
can satisfy the required specifications.

• The criteria for choosing a microcontroller is:


• Number of I/O ports.
• Serial communication modules.
• Peripherals like (Timer, ADC, PWM ..Etc.)
• Memory requirements.
• Processing speed required.
• Power requirements.

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 13


Software Development (1)
1. Programming of required functionality in Assembly or high level
language like C
2. Use of compiler to convert the source code into HEX format
3. Debugger
4. Device programmer to burn the code into microcontroller memory

• An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) puts all of the above


software components under one common unified user interface

For simulation—Proteus
• Import the HEX file (circuit schematic) into Proteus and run to verify the
output (without using actual hardware)

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 14


Software Development (2)

Using assembly language:-


• This involves learning the used microcontroller's specific instruction
set
• Results in the most compact and optimized code.

Using C programming language:-


• Makes your code portable, which means that you can use it for
another target microcontroller without learning its instruction set
• This eases the process of software development (short time to market)
with acceptable quality
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 15
Software Development (3)
Compiler
• It converts the source code into microcontroller readable HEX format

Debugger
• The capability to examine and modify the microcontroller's on-chip
registers, data- and
• program-memory.
• Pausing or stopping program executing at defined program locations by
setting breakpoints.
• Single-stepping (execute one instruction at a time) through the code; and
looking at a history of executed code (trace).
4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 16
Software Development (4)

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 17


LAB GRADING
• LAB Work --- 60 marks
• Complex Engineering Problem ---40 marks
• Group-based (3 members each)
• Software Simulation
• Hardware development
• Demonstration
• Documentation
• Topic (A list will be shared to choose from)

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 18


Report Template
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objectives (PLOs addressed)
• Problem Statement
• Methodology (with block diagram)
• Simulation Results
• Hardware Results
• Conclusions
• References (IEEE format)

4/5/2021 EE UET Lahore (Narowal Campus) 19

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