▪ Automatic control

Automatic control

Loop Computer

ဒီကစဖ ြေ

Open Close

Sequence control
Continuous action
Discontinuous action
PID
ON-OFF
Relay Single loop
Air compressor
Cascade
Refer system
PLC
Ratio
▪ Automatic control
➢ Measuring Element
➢ Error detection Element
➢ Final control Element (actuator)
▪ How many types of control?
➢ Open control
➢ Close control
➢ Cascade control
➢ Ratio control
➢ Split range control
➢ ON-OFF control
➢ Sequence control
▪ Open Loop control

➢ The controller is independent of the output of the system.

➢ It is non-feedback system
➢ It is time dependent control
➢ In open-loop systems, the output is neither measured nor fed back to the input
➢ E.g Purifier de-sludging after fixed time interval independent amount of sludge.
▪ Close Loop control(Input နဲ. Output သည် ဆက်စပ်မူ ရှိ)

➢ Control action is dependent in the out put

➢ It is need feedback
➢ They are known as fully automatic control system
➢ E.g Boiler chemical dosing pump with PH sensor
➢ PH sensor sense the PH value produce measure value
➢ It compare with preset value in comparator
➢ Then produce Error signal
➢ These Error signal activate the final control element until desire value
▪ What is feedback?
➢ If the output or some part of the output is returned to the input side
➢ It is known as feedback.
▪ Types of Feedback
➢ There are two types of feedback −
➢ Positive feedback
➢ Negative feedback
▪ Positive Feedback:
➢ A positive feedback system is the feedback signal is in phase with the reference input
signal.
▪ Negative Feedback:
➢ The system is feedback signal is out of phase with the reference input is known as a
negative feedback system.

▪ On-Off Control
➢ On-Off Control is a control system operates with different switches
➢ The device is being controlled either FULL ON or FULL OFF, with NO Intermediate
operating positions.
➢ On-Off Control is used in Air Conditioning System, Refrigerating System, and
Hydrophone system and Tank Level Control, auxiliary Blower, Back wash filter.

▪ Manual control/Auto control open loop

▪ Manual control
➢ Control by operator
▪ Auto control
➢ Controller is replace in operator
▪ Advantages of open loop
➢ Cheaper than closed loop
➢ Simpler, thus easier to troubleshoot/ repair
➢ No hunting
➢ suitable for control is not essential
▪ Disadvantages of open loop
➢ Not suitable for complex systems, having considerable load changes
➢ Excessive deviation from set point
▪ Advantages of closed loop
➢ Finer control, with less chances of deviation
➢ Suitable for systems having considerable load changes
▪ Disadvantages of closed loop
➢ More expansive (than open loop)
➢ Possibility of hunting (loss of stability)
▪ AUTOMATION AND CONTROLS
➢ Analog instruments are those that produce physical parameters as continuous signals
which are step-less Digital instruments have physical parameters represented digital
numbers
▪ Measured value
➢ Actual value of the controlled condition, as measured by the sensor.
▪ Desired value
➢ The value of the controlled condition, that the operator wishes to maintain.
➢ Also called as the Set value.
▪ Deviation
➢ The difference between the desired value and the measured value.
➢ signal is sent to the comparator, in order to initiate some corrective action.
▪ Comparator
➢ This is that part of the controller, which compares the actual measured value with the
desired or set value, and produces a deviation or error signal, which can be used to
operate the correcting element.
▪ Offset
➢ This is sustained deviation, which occurs, when the measured value stabilizes at
some point other than the set value.
➢ This could change, with change in load conditions.
➢ Offset occurs in simple proportional control.
▪ Error signal
➢ The signal produce by the comparator, after comparing the measured value with the
set value.
▪ Feedback
➢ The transmission of the measured value to the comparator is termed as the
feedback.
▪ Split range control

➢ Controller out put တခု တည္း နဲ. Variable နွစ္ ခု ထိန္းခ ်ဳပျ္ ခင္း

➢ E.g in air condition

❖ Cool condition တြင္ condenser ကို signal ေပး

❖ Hot condition တြင္ TEV ကို signal ေပး

▪ Cascade control
➢ Various controllers are connected in series.
➢ Consists of master controller and slave controller
➢ Used in jacket water temp: control/ piston cooling oil
➢ jacket outlet temp master controller measured value ရ

➢ Set value နှင ့် နင

ိူ ်း ယှဉ် Error signal ထုတ ဖ ်းပ ီ်း slave controller ကု ခုင်း

➢ Slave controller jacket inlet temp sensor signal ကို master controller မှ signal နှင ့် နင
ိူ ်း့် ယှဉ်ပ ်း

သိူ ရဲ. output signal ကို Actuator (control v/v သို ကာ)control
ို လို ့်
▪ How many type of control mode ဆရ
ု င ဒါဖ ြေ

➢ P =Proportional
➢ I = Integral
➢ D =Derivative
➢ They are called control action or control mode
▪ PID Control+134
➢ Proportional, Integral and Derivative Control
➢ With Proportional action,
❖ controller output is proportion to the error
➢ Error
❖ means between set point and measure value, It has offset.
➢ Integral action (reseat action)
❖ Corrects any offset between set point and process variable.
➢ Derivative
❖ action provide fast control process time, (improve time factor) Note: process
➢ PID controller is Continuously Calculated an Error Value.
➢ As the Difference between Desired Set Point and Measure Process Variable.
➢ It is Control Loop Feedback Mechanism.
➢ Mostly use industrial control system.
▪ Advantage
➢ First respond time
➢ Recovery time shorting
➢ Minimum Overshoot
▪ Usages
➢ Marine flock, Chemical dosing control,
➢ Steam temperature control used steam turbine ,
➢ Steering control
➢ Fin stabilizer
▪ 138. PLC အလုပလ
် ုပပ
် ု။ုံ Actuator ဆှိုဒါဘာလဲ ဘယ်မာ ရှိ လဲ?

▪ PLC ဘာပါလဲ
❖ input device,
❖ output device,
❖ central processing unit (CPU),
❖ power supply , (24 V DC)
❖ communication(monitor) ,
❖ memory,
❖ programming device
▪ (Operation and Construction)
➢ PLC is Programmable Logic Controller
➢ It is Special Form of microprocessor base Controller
➢ Used programmable Memory to store instruction
➢ Implement function (such as)
❖ Logic
❖ Sequencing
❖ Timing
❖ Counting
❖ (Arithmetic) in order to control machines and process.
➢ PLC receive input from Various Sensors and Transmit Output Signal to the system.
▪ PLC Usages
❖ Industrial Control System.
❖ Engine Control Systems
❖ Air Conditioning System
❖ Refrigeration System
❖ Boiler Auto Burning System.
❖ Purifier
❖ Incinerator
❖ OWS control
❖ Motor starter(န ာက်က ာ)

▪ Actuator ဆှိုဒါဘာလဲ ဘယ်မာ ရှိ လဲ?

➢ System တခုကှိလ
ု ူပ်ရာှားပ ှားဒါကှို Actuator ခ ါ်
➢ In motor starter မာဆှို MC is Actuator
➢ ဘယ် မာ ရှိသလဲဆှို output မာရှိတယ်
▪ How to know PLC is good working order.
➢ Power indicator Light ON.
➢ Run indicator light ON.
➢ No indication of ERROR/ALARM Flashing

▪ PLC MAINTENANCE

➢ Regular filter cleaning

➢ Regular dust cleaning

➢ IN/OUT put module check for any loose connection

➢ Avoid noise generating equipment placing close to PLC (due to frequency)

➢ Avoid placing of documentation inside the PLC cabinet

➢ Regular check the power supply voltage to PLC

➢ Regular check supply power for IN/OUT put module

➢ Renew battery if necessary.

▪ PLC ADVANTAGE 1.00min
ADVANTAGE DISVANTAGE
Increased reliability Initial cost is high

More flexibility ပ ြုလွယ့်ပ င့်လွယ့် Increases unemployment rate

Lower cost If the PLC don't running in your

တပ်ဆင်ဒါပဲမျာှား သူနဲဲ့ ထုတ်ရင် ကုန်ကျစရှိတ် production time, the production of your

သက်သာတယ် Company will be stopped.

Faster response

Easier to troubleshoot လွယ်ကူ ယိုကကည့် မှ sex

Remote Control Capability အဝ ်းက ထန့််းခ ြု ့်လို 100 ဝတာင့််းဝစ ်းဆစ့် flexibility ပြစ့်ရမယ့်

ရတယ့် ညြုလိုရလို ဝစ ်းသက့်သာ

Communication ဝစ ်းနည့််းလို အထင့်မဝသ်းနဲ. Response good

ရှာရလွယ့်ကိူ

န ါတ့် ဝလ်းဝတာင့််း အဝ ်းက ါq