Manual de Cableado Estructurado

table of Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................2
Warning..............................................................................................................................................3
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................3
Global Standards Organizations.........................................................................................................3
Definition and Objective of Structured Cabling..................................................................................4
Standards Applicable to Structured Cabling.......................................................................................4
Wiring Categories...............................................................................................................................4
Structured Cabling Standards.............................................................................................................5
TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Requirements.........................................................................................5
Aim.............................................................................................................................................5
Horizontal cabling.......................................................................................................................6
Topology.....................................................................................................................................7
Cable length...............................................................................................................................7
Work area...................................................................................................................................7
100 ohm balanced twisted pair connector.................................................................................7
TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Twisted Pair Cabling Components.......................................................................8
Aim.............................................................................................................................................8
100 ohm balanced twisted pair cables.......................................................................................8
Horizontal cables........................................................................................................................9
Bundled and hybrid cables.........................................................................................................9
Backbone cables.........................................................................................................................9
TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Fiber Optic Cable Components Standard.............................................................9
Aim...........................................................................................................................................10
Fiber optic cables.....................................................................................................................10
Hardware Connection..............................................................................................................10
Patch panels.............................................................................................................................10
Patch Cords..............................................................................................................................10
TIA/EIA-569-B Commercial Construction Standard for Telecommunications Routes and Spaces 10
Aim...........................................................................................................................................11
Duct specifications...................................................................................................................11
Closet / Telecommunications room (TC)..................................................................................11
Equipment Room (ER)..............................................................................................................12
 Work area (workstation)..........................................................................................................12
TIA/EIA-606-A Standard for Administration of Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure 12
Aim...........................................................................................................................................13
Administration classes..............................................................................................................13
Required records......................................................................................................................13
TIA/EIA-607-A Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Commercial Buildings for
Telecommunications....................................................................................................................14
Aim...........................................................................................................................................14
Bonding conductor...................................................................................................................14
TMGB (Telecommunication Main Grounding Distribution Bar)................................................15
TBB (Telecommunications Backbone)......................................................................................15
TGB (Telecommunication Grounding Bar)................................................................................15
TIA/EIA-758-A Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard...16
Aim...........................................................................................................................................16
Cabling infrastructure...............................................................................................................16
Paths and spaces......................................................................................................................16
Paths and Spaces Requirements:.............................................................................................17
Cabling......................................................................................................................................17
Hardware Connection..............................................................................................................17
References...................................................................................................................................18

Introduction

This manual defines the concept of structured cabling and the installation of a
telecommunications structured cabling system.
Warning

This manual is based on various documents and the main worldwide standards on
structured cabling. The use of this manual is the responsibility of the person who
uses it.

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

Global Standards Organizations

ORGANIZATION INFORMATION

The American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) accredits EIA
standards.

Its mission is to promote market

development and competitiveness of
the high-tech industry in the United
States of America.

Develops national standards of the

United States of America for structured
cabling, cables, components and
testing.

Develops international standards for

structured cabling, cables, components
and testing.
 Develops new application standards
for Ethernet technologies.

Definition and Objective of Structured Cabling

The term "structured cabling" generally refers to a planned, modulated approach to

designing and cabling a copper or fiber-based network. The goal of structured
cabling is to ensure that the network can handle the expected volume of traffic and
expand as needed. From an engineering perspective, the main characteristic of
structured cabling is the adherence to induction standards in network planning,
installation and expansion. Adhering to standards in the selection of new
components avoids a situation where a few substandard components in a well-
constructed building reduce overall performance.

Standards Applicable to Structured Cabling

The standards that address various aspects of structured cabling are briefly
described below.
 TIA/EIA-568-B, Telecommunications Cabling Standard for Commercial
Buildings, which includes:
o TIA/EIA-568-B.1, General Requirements
o TIA/EIA-568-B.2, Balanced Twisted Pair Cabling Components.
o TIA/EIA-568-B.3, Fiber Optic Cabling Components.
 TIA/EIA-569-A, Standard for Telecommunications Infrastructure Routes and
Spaces in Commercial Buildings.
 TIA/EIA-606, Standard for Administration of Telecommunications
Infrastructure in Commercial Buildings.
 TIA/EIA-607, Standard on Grounding and Bonding Requirements for
Commercial Buildings for Telecommunications.
 TIA/EIA-758, Customer-owned off-site standard.

Wiring Categories
  Category 1 POST (plain old telephone service) and low speed data (up to
9600 bps).
 Category 2 for Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) data (up to 4
Mbps).
 Category 3 for local area networks (up to 16 Mbps).
 Category 4 for extended distance local area networks (up to 20 Mbps).
 Category 5 is a medium data quality (up to 100 Mbps).
 Category 5e is currently the minimum cabling category recommended by
TIA for new installations.
Category 5e was developed with the specific intent of supporting Gigabit
Ethernet. Because all TIA standards require backward compatibility,
Category 5e will also support all lower-rated categories and protocols such
as 10/100 Base-T.
 Category 6 is gaining popularity for new installations, it also has a
maximum of 100 meters support for Gigabit Ethernet transmission.
 Category 7 is a proposed standard for a fully shielded 4-pair cabling system
with transmission specifications referenced to 600MHz.

Table 1 provides a comparative summary of cable types.

Category Test 10/100 BaseT 1000 BaseT 10 Gigabit at

Frequency 100m
Cat 5e 100 MHz YEAH YEAH NO
Cat 6 250 MHz YEAH YEAH NO
Cat A6 650 MHz YEAH YEAH YEAH
Cat 7 600 MHz YEAH YEAH YEAH
Table 1

Structured Cabling Standards

TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Requirements

Aim

This standard specifies the basic requirements for structured cabling for
commercial buildings as shown in Figure 1. The main elements specified are:
room, horizontal cabling, work area, horizontal cross-connect, backbone cabling,
intermediate cross-connect, entrance facility and backbone cabling.
 Figure 1.

Horizontal cabling
Horizontal cabling is defined as the portion of a cabling system that extends from a
telecommunications room to a work area exit, such as an office "cube," (see Figure
2). Horizontal cabling includes patch cables in the work area that connect devices
to the power outlet and patch cables in the telecommunications room that connect
the horizontal cabling to the horizontal cross-connect.
 F
igure 2. (this image has been taken from [xxx])

Topology
The standard specifies that horizontal cables must be installed in a star topology
with the telecommunications room at the center of the star and with each work area
outlet connected by horizontal cabling to a horizontal cross-connect in the
telecommunications room. Each work area must have a minimum of two
outlets/connectors. Typically, horizontal cabling consists of two individual cables for
each work area outlet, one for data services and one for voice, as illustrated in
Figure 2. Each floor must have at least one telecommunications room, sized
according to TIA/EIA 569.
Cable length
The maximum distance between the horizontal connection and the exit from the
work area will not be more than 90 meters.
The maximum length of all connecting cables and jumpers in the
telecommunications room should not exceed five meters, and the total length of all
connecting cables both in the telecommunications cabinet and in the work area
should not exceed 5 meters.
Work area
Work area components are those that extend from the work area exit to the
telecommunications devices.

100 ohm balanced twisted pair connector

Each 4-pair cable shall be terminated with an 8-position modular connector, and all
UTP and ScTP telecommunication outlets shall meet the requirements of IEC
60603-7, as well as TIA/EIA 568-B.2 and the mounting requirements of TIA/EIA-
570-A.
There are two recognized connection assignments, T568A and T568B, shown in
Figure 3.

Figure 3.

TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Twisted Pair Cabling Components

Aim
This standard specifies the cabling components, transmission performance,
system models, and measurement procedures required for verification of balanced
twisted pair cabling. This standard follows the TIA/EIA-568-B.1 standard in which
balanced twisted pair cabling is recognized as the appropriate copper medium for
horizontal cabling in a standard network as shown in Figure 1. Includes cables,
connectors, connecting hardware, patch cords, equipment cables, work area
cables, and jumpers.

100 ohm balanced twisted pair cables

Recognized types
This standard applies only to the following types of twisted pair cable:
• Category 3 (specified for transmission up to 16 MHz);
• Category 5e (specified for transmission up to 100 MHz);
• Category 6 (specified for transmission up to 200 MHz); this is the subject of a
separate article
Horizontal cables
The standard specifies that horizontal cables must consist of four balanced twisted
pairs of solid conductors with minimum 24 AWG thermoplastic insulation enclosed
by a thermoplastic jacket. Combination and hybrid cables may be used with certain
ratings specified in the standard. Conductors larger than 24 AWG, up to 22 AWG,
may be used if they meet or exceed the requirements of the standard. SCTP
cables are covered in a separate annex to the standard.

The standard provides specific cable requirements using parameters including:

• Mechanism: insulator conductor diameter, pair set, color code, cable diameter,
breaking strength, bending radius, etc.
• Transmission: DC resistance, DC resistance imbalance, mutual capacitance,
capacitance imbalance, characteristic impedance and structural return loss, return
loss, insertion loss, NEXT, PSNEXT, etc.

The standard provides precautions that must be taken when measuring

transmission characteristics, such as placing the cable on a non-conducting
surface. The standard says that the desirable cable length for testing is 100 m (328
ft) or more.
Bundled and hybrid cables
The standard provides guidelines for qualifying bundled and hybrid cables for use
as horizontal cables. A hybrid cable is defined as an assembly of multiple cables of
the same or different category within the same outer jacket. Cable types that may
qualify include hybrid UTP cables and composite cables that contain both optical
fiber and copper conductors.
Backbone cables
The standard specifies that horizontal cables must be of multipair construction
containing more than four pairs and comply with ANSI/ICEA S-80-576. Multipair
trunk cables consist of balanced twisted pairs of 22 AWG to 24 AWG insulated
thermoplastic solid conductors that are formed into one or more balanced twisted
pair units.

TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Fiber Optic Cable Components Standard

Aim
This standard specifies the cabling components, transmission performance,
system models, and measurement procedures required for the verification of
50/125 μm and 62.5/125 μm singlemode and multimode optical fiber cables. This
standard follows the TIA/EIA-568-B.1 standard in which 50/125 micrometer fiber
optic cabling is recognized as an appropriate medium for horizontal and backbone
cabling in a standard network as shown in Figure 1 on page 19. "Cabling" includes
optical cables, connectors, connecting hardware, patch cords, equipment cables,
work area cables, and jumpers.
Fiber optic cables
The cables recognized for this standard are 50/125 μm and 62.5/125 μm
singlemode and multimode fiber optic cables. The standard states that 50/125 μm
within plant cable used for premises wiring must have a minimum transmission
capacity of 500 MHz per km. 62.5/125 μm cable, depending on its use, must have
a minimum transmission capacity of 500 MHz per km or 100 MHz per km.
Hardware Connection
Connecting hardware is defined as connectors, adapters, patch panels, and splice
panels at the main cross-connect, intermediate cross-connect, horizontal cross-
connect, centralized cabling interconnect, and splice consolidation point and work
area.
Patch panels
The specification states that patch panels must be capable of being mounted on a
wall or in an equipment rack. Patch panels should be high density to save space.
The standard also sets out requirements for panel design, including amenability to
orderly fibre management, labelling and access for testing.
Patch Cords
The standard specifies requirements for patch cables used for cross-connections
or for connecting telecommunications equipment to horizontal or backbone cabling.
It states that these patch cables must be two-fiber cables with positions A and B
clearly marked. Patch cables must meet the same requirements as other cables.

TIA/EIA-569-B Commercial Construction Standard for

Telecommunications Routes and Spaces

Aim
This standard provides requirements for telecommunications paths and spaces in
commercial buildings. Standards are given for the spaces (rooms or areas) and
pathways through which telecommunications equipment and media are installed.
This standard recognizes three fundamental concepts:
1. Dynamic buildings.
2. That telecommunication systems and media are dynamic.
3. Telecommunications is more than just voice and data.
This standard also recognizes an important precept: to have a building successfully
designed, constructed and provisioned for telecommunications, it is imperative that
telecommunications design be incorporated during the preliminary architectural
design phase.
Duct specifications
• Keyhole ceilings, drywall, should not be used as walkways.
• Removable tiles will be placed a minimum of eight feet above the floor.
• The cable will NOT be laid directly on the tiles.
• The cable will NOT be compatible with or attached to the ceiling rod.
• The vertical space above the tiles will be a minimum of three inches.
• Power poles will be attached to and supported by the main roof structure.
• Hollow wall (covered) entrances must be milled and lined.
• Cables should be supported every 48 to 60 inches.
Closet / Telecommunications room (TC)
One TC for every 1000 square meters / 10,000 square feet of usable floor space;
minimum one TC per floor.
Additional TC when:
 Floor area served > 1000 square meters / 10,000 square feet.
 Distance to workstation > 90 meters / 295 feet.
 The location of TC preferably as close as possible to the center of the
served area
 The base TC size for a workstation is ten square meters / 100 square feet.
Size of Served or Useful Area in Feet Closet / Room Size in Feet
10,000 10 x 11
8,000 10 x 9
5,000 10 x 7
Table 2.

Equipment Room (ER)

 The equipment room contains (voice, video, computer equipment, etc.) that
serve the building's occupants.
 Provide 0.75 feet of ER space per 100 square feet.
 Distributed floor load must be > 259 lbs. per square foot.
 ER should not be located below the water level unless a water damage
prevention measure is taken.
 The minimum ceiling height must be eight feet.
  Temperature will be controlled at 64°F - 75°F (18°C - 24°C).
 Humidity should be in the range of 30 to 50 percent. Both humidity and
temperature will be measured five feet above the ground.
 Floors, walls and ceilings should be sealed to reduce dust (antistatic floors).
 The minimum door size must be 36 feet by 80 inches with a lock, without a
sill.
 Portable fire extinguishers will be kept in ER near the entrance or exit.
Work area (workstation)
• Minimum of one power outlet and one telecommunications connector for each
work area.
• The power outlet must be less than 3 feet from the telecommunications outlet at
the same height.

TIA/EIA-606-A Standard for Administration of Commercial

Telecommunications Infrastructure

Aim
This standard provides requirements for the management of a telecommunications
infrastructure in a commercial building. The term "management" as used here has
a narrow meaning of a method used to label, identify, document, and manage
infrastructure components to facilitate network growth and change. "Infrastructure"
is defined as the collection of all telecommunications components except the
equipment that, together, provides the basic support for the distribution of
information within a building or campus.
The intent of the standard is to provide an application-independent management
scheme and accommodation of network changes. This standard provides
guidelines for owners, end users, manufacturers, consultants, contractors,
designers, installers and facility managers involved in the management of
telecommunications infrastructure.
Administration classes
The standard defines four classes based on the complexity of the infrastructure as
follows:
• Class 1 addresses the management needs of a network served by a single
equipment room. Class 1 uses four identifiers: telecommunications space (TS),
telecommunications grounding bar (TGB), and telecommunications main grounding
bar (TMGB).
• Class 2 addresses the management needs of a larger network than Class 1 but
contained within a single building. The network can span multiple equipment
rooms. Class 2 builds on Class 1 by adding identifiers for backbone wiring, multi-
element bonding and grounding systems, and fire spotlights.
• Class 3 addresses infrastructure with multiple buildings on a single site. Class 3
builds on Class 2 and adds identifiers for the building, backbone cable, and
backbone cable or fiber optic cable.
• Class 4 addresses infrastructure with multiple sites or campuses. Class 4 builds
on Class 3 and adds an identifier for the campus.

Required records
Records may consist of paper records or electronic systems, such as
spreadsheets. Classes are scalable and allow expansion without requiring changes
to existing records and labels.
In addition to providing requirements and guidelines for a traditional paper-based
database, this standard also serves as a platform for the design of computer-based
management tools, which may be necessary as the information base grows larger.

TIA/EIA-607-A Grounding and Bonding Requirements for

Commercial Buildings for Telecommunications

Aim
This standard specifies the requirements for a uniform telecommunications link and
grounding infrastructure to be installed in a commercial building where
telecommunications equipment is required. This standard allows planning,
designing and installing grounding infrastructure and telecommunications links
without prior knowledge of the telecommunications system to be installed later. The
grounding and bonding infrastructure is designed to support a multi-vendor, multi-
product environment.
This standard also specifies how the telecommunications grounding system should
be interconnected with the other grounding systems in the building. The grounding
infrastructure and telecommunications links, together with other building grounding
and bonding systems (such as for electrical power), make up the building
grounding system.
The main components of the grounding and bonding infrastructure include the
following:
• Telecommunications link conductor;
• TMGB (Telecommunications Main Grounding Busbar);
• TBB (telecommunications backbone network);
• TGB (Telecommunication Grounding Bar);
• TBBIBC (Telecommunications Backbone Interconnection Link Conductor).

Bonding conductor
According to this standard, the telecommunications bonding conductor must bond
the TMGB to the service (power) ground equipment.
• All bonding conductors must be insulated and copper. Minimum conductor size is
6 AWG;
maximum size is 3/0 AWG. Each driver must be marked with a green color.
• Each bonding conductor must be labeled with non-metallic tags as close to the
termination point as possible.

TMGB (Telecommunication Main Grounding Distribution Bar).

Description
The TMGB must be pre-drilled copper with a bolt hole size of minimum 6mm thick
x 100mm wide (length will vary). If the busbar is not galvanized, it must be cleaned
before installation.
Connections to TMGB
• Use 2-hole compression connectors.
• Wiring conduits in the same room must be connected to the TMGB.
Installation Considerations
• 2 inch gap from TMGB and bracket.
• A convenient location for the TMBG is on the side of the board.
TBB (Telecommunications Backbone)
A TBB is a conductor that interconnects all TGBs with the TMGB. Its basic function
is to equalize or reduce the possible differences between the telecommunications
systems linked to it.
TGB (Telecommunication Grounding Bar)
The TGB is the central common connection point for telecommunications systems
and equipment at the location served by that TC or ER (equipment room).
Description
• Must have minimum dimensions of 6mm thick x 50mm wide with a length that
meets the current application and future growth.
• Must be electro-plated or at least cleaned before connecting.

Links to TGB
• TBBs and other TGBs in the same space must be bonded to TGBs with a
minimum of 6 AWG insulated copper (maximum 3/0 AWG) and must be continuous
and routed in the shortest path.
• If the telecommunications panel is in the same location, connect its ACEG
(alternating current equipment ground) bus to the TGB.
• Install TGB as close to the control panel as possible while maintaining the
electronic authorization code.
Connections to TGB
Connections to TBB and TGB must use 2-hole compression connectors.
Installation Considerations
• TGB must be isolated with a minimum separation of 2 inches from its support.
• A convenient location for the TGB is on the side of the board.

TIA/EIA-758-A Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications

Infrastructure Standard

Aim
This Standard specifies minimum requirements for OSP (customer-owned)
telecommunications facilities in a campus environment. The standard specifies the
wiring, pathways, and spaces to accommodate the wiring.
Cabling infrastructure
The function of the OSP cabling infrastructure is to provide interconnections
between building entrance facilities. OSP cabling consists of cables, splices,
terminations, and trunk or jumper cables used for backbone to backbone
interconnection.
Recognized media include:
• 50/125 μm fiber optic cable
• 62.5/125 μm fiber optic cable
• single mode fiber optic cable
• 100 Ω twisted pair cable
• 75 Ω coaxial

Paths and spaces

Many types of pathways and spaces may be required to route cabling between
campus buildings, structures, or outdoor telecommunications pedestals or
cabinets. There are two basic types of cableway systems: underground and
overhead.
Underground pathways and spaces may be dedicated to the placement of cables
(e.g., direct burial cable, maintenance holes, manholes, shared spaces such as a
utility tunnel that provides other services).
Airways and spaces may consist of a messenger cable.
Paths and Spaces Requirements:
• Conduit length must not exceed 600 ft (183 m) between pulling points.
• No more than (2) 90° degree bends (180 degrees total) between extraction
points.
• 90° back-to-back bends should be avoided.
• Provide a drainage slope not less than 10 mm per meter (.125 in per foot).

Cabling
OSP multi-client twisted pair cables used in university environments must consist
of 19 AWG (0.9 mm), 22 AWG (0.64 mm), 24 AWG (0.5 mm), or 26 AWG (0.4 mm)
thermoplastic insulated solid copper conductors.

• The maximum length of buried service cable must not exceed 213 m (700 ft).
• The maximum length of the overhead service cable shall not exceed 213 m (700
ft) with a maximum span length not to exceed 60 m (200 ft).
• For cable splicing, the amount of untwisting of the conductor pairs shall be kept to
a maximum of 13 mm (0.5 in).
• The coaxial cable used in OSP backbone applications is a 75 Ω semi-rigid cable.
• Fiber splice insertion loss shall not exceed 0.1 dB average (0.3 dB maximum).

Hardware Connection
OSP connection hardware requirements should be consistent with OSP twisted
pair cables.
• Fully functional for continuous use within the temperature range of -40°C to 70°C
or (-40°F to 158°F).
• Terminals shall be resistant to corrosion from moisture and atmosphere, UV
degradation, insecticides and herbicides.
• Metal components must be resistant or protected against general corrosion.
• Plastic parts must be resistant to fungus, heat, solvents and stress cracking
agents, and compatible with metals and other materials such as conductor
insulation. Plastic materials must be non-corrosive to metals and must resist
deterioration when exposed to chemical contaminants and sunlight.

References