IIT-JAM QIP Series

Physics by fiziks
07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

Practice Set – Solid State Physics

IIT-JAM
(2005 To 2022)
Sr Number Topic Total No of Questions

1 Crystal structure and 16

Bravais Lattice
2 X-ray diffraction and 11
Reciprocal Lattices
3 Free Electron Theory 6

4 Band Theory 1
5 Magnetism 2

Total Number of Question 36

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
Physics by fiziks
07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

1. Crystal structure and Bravais Lattice

Q1. Which of the following statements is correct for NaCl crystal structure?
(a) It is simple cubic lattice with one atom basis
(b) It is a face-centered cubic lattice with one atom basis
(c) It is a simple cubic lattice with two atom basis
(d) It is a face-centered cubic lattice with two atom basis
IIT-JAM 2005
Q2. Consider the crystal structure shown in the figure,
a
where black and grey spheres represent atoms of two
different elements and a denotes the lattice constant.
The Bravais lattice for this structure is
(a) Simple cubic
(b) Face-centered cubic a
(c) Body-centered cubic
(d) Triclinic

a
  z
Q3. The location of Cs and Cl ions inside the unit
cell of CsCl crystal is shown in the figure. The
Bravais lattice of CsCl is Cl 
(a) Simple cubic
a y Cs 
(b) Body centred orthorhomble a
(c) Face centred cubic a
(d) Base centred orthorhombic x
IIT-JAM 2019
a 2a
Q4. A plane in a cubic lattice makes intercepts of a, and with the three
2 3
crystallographic axes, respectively. The Miller indices for this plane are:
(a)  2 43 (b)  34 2  (c)  634  (d) 123
IIT-JAM 2017
Q5. Miller indicates of a plane in cubic structure that contains all the directions 100, 011
and 111 are
(a) 011 (b) 101 (c) 100  (d) 110 
IIT-JAM 2015

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series Physics by fiziks
07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics
Q6. The figure below shows a cubic unit cell with lattice z
constant a . The shaded crystallographic plane intersects the x -
axis at 0.5 a . The Miller indices of the shaded plane are a
(a)  210  (b)  210 

(c) 1 10  (d) 10 2 

y

x
Q7. Which one of the following crystallographic planes represent 101 Miller indices of a

cubic unit cell?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

z z z z

y y y
m
x x x x

IIT-JAM 2019
Q8. Which of the combinations of crystal structure and their coordination number is (are)
correct?
(a) body centered cubic 8 (b) face centred cubic 6
(c) diamond 4 (d) hexagonal closed packed 12
IIT-JAM 2018
Q9. The fraction of volume unoccupied in the unit cell of the body centered cubic lattice is

8  3 3 6  2 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 8 6 3 2
IIT-JAM 2013
Q10. Diamond lattice can be considered as a combination of two fcc lattice displaced along the
body diagonal by one quarter of its length. There are eight atoms per unit cell. The
packing fraction of the diamond structure is
(a) 0.48 (b) 0.74 (c) 0.34 (d) 0.68
IIT-JAM 2014

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

Q11. Sodium  Na  exhibits body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal structure with atomic radius

0.186 nm . The lattice parameter of Na unit cell is______ nm .

IIT-JAM 2019
Q12. GaAs has a diamond structure. The number of Ga-As bonds per atom which have to be
broken to fracture the crystal in the 001 plane is____________
IIT-JAM 2015
Q13. The ratio of the second-neighbour distance to the nearest-neighbour distance in an fcc
lattice is
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2
IIT-JAM 2008
Q14. The number of second-nearest neighbor ions to a Na  ion in NaCl crystal is__________.
IIT-JAM 2016
0 0
Q15. A crystal has monoclinic structure, with lattice parameters, a  5.14 A , b  5.20 A ,
o
c  5.30 A and angle   990 . It undergoes a phase transition to tetragonal structure with
0 0 V
lattice parameters, a  5.09 A and c  5.27 A . The fractional change in the volume
V
of the crystal due to this transition is __________ (Round off to two decimal places).
IIT JAM 2021
Q16. Metallic lithium has bcc crystal structure. Each unit cell is a cube of side a . The number
of atoms per unit volume is
1 2 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a3 2a 3 a3 a3
IIT JAM 2022

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1. Crystal structure and Bravais Lattice (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
Ans. 2: (b)
Solution: This is a structure of sodium-chloride whose lattice is Face Centred Cubic. Thus, the
correct option is (b)
Ans. 3: (a)
Solution: Cesium-Chloride is made of two interpenetrating simple cubic lattices are displaced
diagonally by half of the diagonal length. Thus, Bravais lattice of CsCl is simple cubic. The
correct option is (a).
Ans. 4: (a)
a 2a
Solution: Intercepts: a, ,
2 3
1 2
Divide by a : 1, ,
2 3
3
Reciprocal: 1, 2,
2
LCM: 2, 4, 3
Miller Indices = 2 4 3

Ans. 5: (a)
Solution: The name of the plane containing all the directions
y 111
100 , 011 & 111 is  0 11 or  01 1 
The best suitable answer is option (a)  011
x

100
Ans. 6: (a) z
Solution: (i) Intercepts along x, y, z - axis
a
x , y  a, z  
2
(ii) Divide by lattice parameters
a/2 a  1
, ,  , 1, 
a a a 2
(iii) Take reciprocal, 2,1, 0

 The Miller indices is  2 1 0 

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Ans. 7: (b)
Solution: Plane intercepts
a b c a b c
x: y:z  : :  : :  a::c
h k l 1 0 1
 x  a , y  , z  c
Plane is parallel to y - axis and intersecting x and z - axis at a and c . Thus, option (b) is
correct.
Ans. 8: (a), (c), (d)
Solution: Co-ordination number in different crystal structure are
(i) Body central cubic 8
(ii) Face central cubic 12
(iii) Diamond 4
(iv) Hexagonal closed packed 12
Ans. 9: (a)
Solution: The effective number of atoms in bcc structure is E F

1 1 1 1 
neff  nc  n f  ni   8   0  1  2 
8 2 8 2
The radius of atom and lattice constant are related as
a
a 3 
r G
4 a
D C
The volume occupide by the atoms in unit cell is a
3
4 a 3  3 3
2    a
3  4  8

Thus amount of volume unoccupied in the unit cell is

 3  8  3  3
 volume of unit cell  filled volume  a 3  a 3    a
8  8 
Thus, the fraction of volume unoccupied in the unit cell of the body centered cubic lattice is
 8  3 
 
 8 
 

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Ans. 10: (c)
4 3
neff  r
Solution: P  F  3
V
3a 8r
Where, neff  8,V  a 3 and  2r  a 
4 3
4 3
8r
3 3
 PF  3
  0.34 .
 8r  16
 
 3
Ans. 11: 0.43
Solution: For BCC, 3a  4r
4r 4  0.186
a   a  0.43 nm
3 3
Ans. 12: 4
Solution: Diamond structure has tetrahedral bond. To fracture the diamond structure along
 0 0 1 plane, four bonds need to be broken.

Ans. 13: (d)

Solution: In FCC lattice the first nearest is at distance  2a / 2  a / 2
Whereas the second nearest at distance of  a
The ratio of the second-neighbour distance to the nearest-neighbour distance is
a
 2
a/ 2
Ans. 14: 12
Cl 
2a a
Solution: The 2 nearest neighbour is at distance 
nd
 Na 
2 2
3 8
The number of 2nd nearest neighbour   12
2
Ans. 15: 0.024
Solution: Volume of the monoclinic unit cell is
Vmono  abc sin     5.14  5.20  5.30  sin  99   1030 m3  139.91 1030 m3

Volume of the tetragonal unit cell is

Vtetr  a 2 c  5.09  5.09  5.27 1030 m3  136.54 1030 m3

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V
The fractional change in the volume is
V

V 139.91  136.54
  0.024
V 139.91
Ans. 16: (c)
1
Solution: The effective number of atoms in BCC is neff   8  1  2
8
The volume of the bcc unit cell of side a is a 3 .
2
Thus, the number of atoms per unit volume is  .
a3
Therefore, the correct option is (c).

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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

2. X-ray diffraction and Reciprocal Lattices

Q1. KCl has the NaCl type structure which is fcc with two-atom basis, one at  0, 0, 0  and
the other at 1/ 2,1/ 2,1/ 2  . Assume that the atomic form factors of K  and Cl  are
identical. In an X - ray diffraction experiment on KCl , which of the following  h k l 
peaks will be observed?
(a) 10 0  (b) 110  (c) 111 (d)  2 0 0 

IIT-JAM 2017
Q2. In the X -ray diffraction pattern recorded for a simple cubic solid (lattice parameter
o o
a  1 A ) using X -rays of wavelength 1 A , the first order diffraction peak(s) would
appear for the
(a) 100  planes (b) 112  planes (c)  210  planes (d)  220  planes

IIT-JAM 2019
Q3. X -ray diffraction of a cubic crystal gives an intensity maximum for Bragg angle 200
corresponding to the 110  plane. The lattice parameter of the crystal

is___________ nm .
(Consider wavelength of X  ray  0.15 nm )
IIT-JAM 2016
0
Q4. Monochromatic X -rays of wavelength 1A are incident on a simple cubic crystal. The

first order Bragg reflection from  311 plane occurs at angle of 30 0 from the plane. The
0
lattice parameter of the crystal in A is

11
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 11
2
IIT-JAM 2009
0
Q5. The value of  at which the first-order peak in X -ray (   1.53A ) diffraction

corresponding to 111 plane of a simple cubic structure with the lattice constant,
0
  2.65 A , is approximately
(a) 150 (b) 300 (c) 450 (d) 600
IIT-JAM 2010

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Q6. A solid with FCC crystal structure is probed using X -rays of wavelength 0.2 nm . For
the crystallographic plane given by  2, 0, 0  , a first order diffraction peak is observed for a

Bragg angle of 210 . The unit cell size is __________ nm (Round off to 2 decimal places)
IIT-JAM 2020
Q7. An X - ray diffraction  XRD  experiment is carried out on a crystalline solid having
FCC structure at room temperature. The solid undergoes a phase transformation on
cooling to 200 C and shows orthorhombic structure with small decrease in its unit cell
lengths as compared to the FCC unit cell lengths. As a result the  311 line of the XRD
pattern corresponding to the FCC system
(a) will split into a doublet
(b) will split into a triplet
(c) will remain unchanged
(d) will split into two separate doublets
IIT-JAM 2011
0
Q8. An X -ray beam of wavelength 1.54 A is diffracted from the 110  planes of a solid with
0
a cubic lattice of lattice constant 3.08 A . The first-order Bragg diffraction occurs at

1  1  1  1 
(a) sin 1   (b) sin 1   (c) sin 1   (d) sin 1  
4 2 2 2  2
IIT-JAM 2012
Q9. Thermal neutrons (energy  300 , k B  0.025 eV ) are sometimes used for structural
determination of materials. The typical lattice spacing of a material for which these can
be used is
(a) 0.01nm (b) 0.05 nm (c) 0.1 nm (d) 0.15 nm
IIT-JAM 2014
Q10. The lattice constant of unit cell of NaCl crystal is 0.563 nm . X -rays of wavelength
0.141 nm are diffracted by this crystal. The angle at which the first order maximum
occurs is _______degrees.
IIT-JAM 2018
0
Q11. In an X - ray diffraction experiment with Cu crystals having lattice parameter 3.61A ,
X - rays of wavelength of 0.090 nm are incident on the family of planes 1 1 0 . The
highest order present in the diffraction pattern is ___________.
IIT JAM 2021

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
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2. X-ray diffraction and Reciprocal Lattices (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)

Solution: In KCl the reflection from 111 layer containing K  ions is exactly out of phase

with the reflection from the Cl  close packed layers. The net effect is that the two reflections

cancel and 111 is absent. This mean the first reflection is from  200 

Ans. 2: (a)
Solution: In simple cubic cell, planes are present. The first order diffraction peak would appear

for the first plane 10 0  .

 
2d sin   n  sin   h2  k 2  l 2  h2  k 2  l 2
2a 2

1 6 5
 sin   for 100  , sin   for 112  , sin   for  210  and
2 2 2

8
sin   for  220  .
2
Ans. 3: 0.31
Solution: According to Bragg’s law 2d sin   n

 0.5  109 0.15  109

For n  1 , 2d sin     d    d   0.219 nm
2sin  2  sin 200 2  0.342
a a
Now, d  
h2  k 2  l 2 2

 a  2 d  0.31 nm  a  0.31 nm

Ans. 4: (d)
Solution: Expression of Bragg´s law is 2d sin   n ,
where, d is the inter-planar spacing defined for cubic lattice of lattice constant a in term of

a
Miller indices  h k l  as d 
h2  k 2  l 2

The lattice parameter a is

 1 1
a h2  k 2  l 2  3 2  12  12   11  11
2  sin  2  sin 30 0
2 1/ 2

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Ans. 5: (b)
Solution: Expression of Bragg´s law is, 2d sin   n
where, d is the inter-planar spacing defined for cubic lattice of lattice constant a in term of Miller
a
indices (h k l) as d 
h2  k 2  l 2

  1.53 1 1
sin    h2  k 2  l 2   3     sin 1    300
2d 2a 2  2.65 2 2
Ans. 6: 0.56
2a sin 
Solution: 2d sin     
h2  k 2  l 2

 0.2  109 0.2nm

a h k l 
2 2 2
22  0  0   2  0.56 nm
2sin  2  sin 21  0
2  0.36

Ans. 7: (b)
a
Solution: In FCC the inter-planar spacing is defined as d 
h  k2  l2
2

1
whereas in Orthorhombic the inter-planar spacing is d 
2
h k2 l2
 
a2 b2 c2

For  311 , numbers XRD peaks in FCC is derived from Bragg’s law as

   
sin    h2  k 2  l 2  3 2  12  12  11
2d 2a 2a 2a
Thus only one peak appears in FCC.
 
In Orthorhombic, sin   
2d h2 k 2 l 2
2  
a2 b2 c2

For  311 , there will be three peaks corresponding to

     
     
1    1    1   
1  sin ,  2  sin and 3  sin
 2
3 1 12 2   12 2
3 1 2   2
1 1 32 2 
2 2  2  2  2 2  2  2  2 2  2  2 
 a b c   a b c   a b c 

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Ans. 8: (b)
Solution: Expression of Bragg´s law is 2d sin   n
where, d is the inter-planar spacing defined for cubic lattice of lattice constant a in term of Miller
a
indices ( h k l ) as d 
h2  k 2  l 2

  1.54 1  1 
sin    h2  k 2  l 2   2    sin 1  
2d 2a 2  3.08 2 2 2 2

Ans. 9: (c)
Ans. 10: 12.5
Solution: 2d sin   

    3 
  sin 1  1
  sin  
 2d   2a 

 3  0.141 
 sin 1    sin  0.217   12.53
1 0

 2  0.563 

Ans. 11: 5
2a
Solution: Bragg’s law is; 2d sin    n  sin    n
h2  k 2  l 2

2a 2  3.611010
For the highest order sin    1 ; n    5.67
 h2  k 2  l 2 0.9  1010  2

The maximum order is n  5

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3. Free Electron Theory

Q1. Fermi energy of a certain metal M 1 is 5eV . A second metal M 2 has an electron which

is 6 % higher than that of M 1 . Assuming that the free electron theory is valid for both the

metals, the Fermi energy of M 2 is closet to

(a) 5.6 eV (b) 5.2 eV (c) 4.8 eV (d) 4.4 eV

IIT-JAM 2007
Q2. Temperature dependence of resistivity of a metal can be described by
(a) R
(b) R

T T
R R

(c) (d)

T T

IIT-JAM 2015
Q3. Which one of the following schematic curves best represents the variation of conductivity
 of a metal with temperature T ?

(a) (b)
 

0 T 0 T

(c) (d)
 

0 T 0 T
IIT-JAM 2017

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Q4. For a metal, the electron density is 6.4  1028 m 3 . The Fermi energy is __________ eV .
( h  6.626  1034 J s, me  9.11 1031 kg , 1 eV  1.6 1019 J )

(Specify your answer in electron volts  eV  upto one digit after the decimal point)

IIT-JAM 2018
Q5. A conducting slab of copper PQRS is kept on
Z
the x - y plane in a uniform magnetic field
S R
along x - axis as indicted in the figure. A steady
Q
P I
current I flows through the cross section of the Y
slab along the y - axis. The direction of the B
X
electric field inside the slab, arising due to the
applied magnetic field is along the
(a) negative Y direction (b) positive Y direction
(c) negative Z direction (d) positive Z direction
IIT-JAM 2014
Q6. At some temperature T , two metals A and B , have Fermi energies A and B ,

A
respectively. The free electron density of A is 64 times that of B . The ratio is ____.
B
IIT-JAM 2021

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

3. Free Electron Theory (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)

Solution: The expression of Fermi energy is E F 

2
2m

3 2 n 2/3

Let us consider that n1 , E F1 is the concentration of electron and Fermi energy in metal M1 and

n2 , E F2 is in metal M2.

Given, n 2  n1  0.06n1  1.06n1

 2 
 
2/3
3 2 n2
EF2  2m 
   n2   1.06n1   1.06 2/3  1.0396
2/3 2/3

  
EF1   2 2/3   n1   n1 
2/3 2/3

 
3 2 n1  
 2m 
EF2  1.0396  EF1  1.0396  5eV  5.2 eV

Ans. 2: (a)
Solution: Electrical resistivity of metal varies as
 T5 (For T   D )

 T (For T   D )

where  D is the Debye temperature. Thus, correct answer is option (a)

Ans. 3: (b)
Solution: Resistivity of metal is   0   ph , where 0 is temperature independent

And,  ph  T 5 when T   D and  ph  T when T   D

1
The conductivity is defined as  




S
0 T
T

Thus correct option is (b)

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series Physics by fiziks
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Ans. 4: 5.84

1.05 10 
2
34
2
   3  6.4 1028 
2/3 2/3
Solution: EF  3 2 n  31
2

2m 2  9.1110


 6.1 1039 1.53  1020  9.34 1019 J 
9.34 1019
 eV  5.84eV
1.6 1019
Ans. 5: (c)
Solution: The electrons are moving opposite to the current direction with drift velocity

v d  v d   yˆ  Z
The Lorentz force on electron is
  
F  q vd  B       
I
E
 e  v d   yˆ   B   xˆ    ev d B   zˆ        
Y

B
Thus, electron will accumulate on the lower plate and X
positive charge developed on the upper plates. The electric field due to this charge reparation is
acting along - z direction.
Thus, correct option is (c).
Ans. 6: 16
Solution: The Fermi energy for metal A and B is written as
2
  2
 
2/3 2/3
A  3 2 n A and B  3 2 nB
2m 2m

The ratio of the Fermi energy is

2/3 2/3
A  nA   64nB 
     64   16
2/3

B  nB   nB 

2 Revised Edition-2022
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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

4. Band Theory

Q1. In a crystalline solid, the energy band structure ( E - k relation) for an electron of mass m

 2 k 2k  3
is given by E  . The effective mass of the electron in the crystal is
2m
2 m
(a) m (b) m (c) (d) 2m
3 2
IIT-JAM 2006

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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

4. Band Theory (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
2
Solution: The expression of effective mass of electron in solid is m * 
d 2E 2
dk
dE  2 d 2 E 2 2 2 m
  4k  3   2   4    m* 
dk 2m dk 2m m 2

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07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

5. Magnetism

Q1. The susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is

(a) positive and proportional to temperature
(b) negative and inversely proportional to temperature
(c) negative and independent of temperature
(d) positive and inversely proportional to temperature
IIT-JAM 2005

Q2. The following are the plots of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility
for three different samples.
a b c
 (T )  (T )  (T )

0 T 0 T 0 T

The plots a, b and c correspond to

(a) Ferromagnet, paramagnet and diamagnet, respectively
(b) Paramagnet, diamagnet and ferromagnet, respectively
(c) Ferromagnet, diamagnet and paramagnet, respectively
(d) Diamagnet, paramagnet and ferromagnet, respectively
IIT-JAM 2010

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 IIT-JAM QIP Series
Physics by fiziks
07 Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

5. Magnetism (Solution)
Ans. 1: (b)
Ans. 2: (b)

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