Chapter 2: Measurement and Calculations
2.1: Scientific Notation
A. 6.02 x 1023 move decimal point 23 to the _______
B. 1.8 x 10-12 move decimal point 12 to the ________
2.2: Units
A. No naked numbers in chemistry
B. SI units - International System (___________________)
C. Memorize: Table 2.1 and 2.2 in Text
Common SI units with abbreviations
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation
mass kg
length meter
second s
temperature K
Common Metric Prefixes – Placed before Units
mega M
kilo 1,000
1/10 d
centi c
milli 1/1000
micro
billionth n
ex 37 mg 37 milligrams
2.6 s 2.6 microseconds
2.3: Measurements of Length/Volume/Mass
A. Length is measured in _____________. 1 m 1yd
B. _____________ is derived from length. A cube with the dimensions
1 dm x 1 dm x 1 dm = 1 _________
C. A cube 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm = 1 ______ = 1______=1________
D. Mass is measured in ___________.
ex Shot glass about ____________
Paper clip about ___________
Textbook about 1 _____________
Doorknob about 1 ____________ off ground
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2.4: Uncertainty in Measurement
A. ALL measurements have some uncertainty.
B. Last number is __________________ an estimate.
C. Record ________ certain #’s plus first uncertain #
ex.
2.5: Significant Figures
A. All certain numbers plus ___________ uncertain number.
B. Only as accurate as your least accurate measurement
1. Beginning Zeros are _____________ significant
2. Middle Zeros are _____________ significant
3. End Zeros in numbers with decimal points are
always significant
4. End Zeros in numbers without decimal points
are never significant
ex
C. Significant figures in Calculations
-Multiplication/Division: Answer has same # of sig figs as least # of sig figs in
original numbers.
ex. 6.234 x 1.98 =
.004 x 2.1 =
8.422/275 =
622/2.5 =
2
-Addition/Subtraction: Answer has same # of decimal places as least number of
decimal places in orig. #
ex. 6.12 + 1.5 + 0.755 =
.7524 - 0.2 =
Practice Problems:
1. 6.25 x 0.0322
2. (2.50x10-4) x (7.255) / 3.8
3. 22 + 12.6 + 140.56
4. 118.6 - 0.88
2.6: Dimensional Anaylsis
A. Converting from one unit of measurement to another.
B. Conversion Factor – converts one __________ to another.
ex. 1 inch = ________ cm _______ kg = 2.205 lb
C. One-Step Problems
ex 82 cm = ? in (Metric to English)
23 km = ? m (Metric to Metric)
D. Two-Step Problem
ex 20 miles = ? meters (English to Metric)
(1 mile = 1760 yards)(1m=1.094yard)
37 km = ? cm
Practice Problems:
1. 5.25 oz to pounds (1lb=16oz) (one step)
2. 125 g to pounds (1lb=453.6g) (one step)
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3. 26mm = ? m (metric to metric one step)
4. 12 dam = ? dm (metric to metric two step)
2.7: Temperature
A. Celsius scale - ________ is freezing pt of water
________ is boiling pt of water
B. _____________ scale – 0 K is _____________________
273 K is freezing pt of water
__________ K is boiling pt of water
C. Absolute Zero – When molecular motion _____________.
2.8: Density
A. Mass per unit volume
Density = Mass/Volume
B. -Mass usually in grams
-Volume usually in mL or cm3
C. Density of water is 1.000g/cm3 at 4C
D. Volume may be calculated from water displacement (ex on worksheet)
ex. A copper penny has a density of 8.9 g/cm3 and a volume of 0.35 cm3. What is the mass
of the penny?
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