COURSE TITLE – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

COURSE CODE – BESK508

MODULE 3 - Environmental Pollution (Sources, Impacts, Corrective and Preventive measures,

Relevant Environmental Acts, Case-studies): Surface and Ground Water Pollution; Noise pollution;
Soil Pollution and Air Pollution.
Waste Management & Public Health Aspects: Bio-medical Wastes; Solid waste; Hazardous wastes; E-
wastes, Industrial and Municipal Sludge.
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1. Which of the following gases is most abundant in atmosphere?
a) Methane b) Nitrogen c) CFC d) Argon

2. Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel gives

a). Nitrogen oxide b). Carbon dioxide
c). Sulphur dioxide d). Carbon monoxide

3. B. O. D (Biological oxygen demand) determines the health of

a) Soil b) Air c) Water d) Sky

4. Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

a) Automobile exhaust b) Burning of firewood
c) Power plant d) Windmill

5. Which of the following is a natural source of air pollution?

a) Acid rain b) Precipitation c) Storms d) Volcanic eruption

6. Sound becomes hazardous noise pollution at decibels

a) above 30 b) above 80
c) above 100 d) above 120

7. Ozone hole is present in

a) Biosphere b) Troposphere c) Stratosphere d) Lithosphere

8. The largest reservoir of Nitrogen in our planet is

a) Oceans b) Atmosphere c) Biosphere d) Fossil fuels

9. Cholera is caused due to

a) Verito cholerae b) Entamoeba hystolytica

c) Vibrio cholerae d) None of the above.

10. Water logging is a phenomenon in which

a) Plants increases fodder yield b) Plants increases overall crop yield

 c) Trees increases overall wood production d) All of the above

11. The Noise is measured in

a) Decibels b) Joules
c) PPM d) NTU

12. Which of the following gases are called Greenhouse gases?

(a) Methane (b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Both a and c
13. Which of the following statements is true about SMOG?
(a) SMOG is derived from the fog (b) SMOG is derived from smoke
(c) SMOG is derived from water vapor (d) Derived from both fog and smoke

14. Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?

a) SPM b) PAN
c) SO2 d) NO2

15. Formation of London smog takes place in

(a) winter during day time (b) summer during day time
(c) summer during morning time (d) winter during morning time

16. Of the following, water borne disease is

a) Small pox b) Cholera c) Diabetes d) Malaria

17. In 1984, the Bhopal gas tragedy took place because methyl isocyanate
a. Reacted with ammonia b. Reacted with water
c. Reacted with DDT d. reacted with CO2

18. The layer of atmosphere between 10km to 50km above the sea level is called as
a) Troposphere b) thermosphere
c). Stratosphere d). mesosphere

19. A well oxidized sewage contains nitrogen mainly as

a) Nitrates b) Nitrites
c) Free Ammonia d) None of the above

20. Air pollution that occurs in sunlight is

a) CFC b) Photochemical smog
c) Fog d) Acid rain

21. Brewery and sugar factory waste alter the quality of a water body by increasing
a) Temperature b) Turbidity
c) pH d) COD and BOD
22. In a coal-fired power plant electrostatic precipitators are installed to control the emission of
a) SO2 b) NO2
c) SPM d) CO

23. What is called for the movement of surface litter and topsoil from one place to another?
a) Soil submerge b) Soil degradation
c) Soil erosion d) Soil pollution

24. Organic agriculture advocates avoiding the use of_____________________

a) Organic manure b) Stored water
c) Modern technologies in harvesting d) Chemical fertilizers
25. DDT is major contributor of pollution because it,

a) is .\Non biodegradable b) kills good microorganism

c) Destroys valuable species, worms d) interference with pesticides

26. Soil pollution due to PAhs can be sourced to

a). Vehicle emission b). cigarette smoke

c). Extraction of shale oil d). All of the above

27. Benzene and methyl benzene are major soil pollutants from petroleum industries are
a). Organic pollutant b). Inorganic pollutant
c). Carcinogenic pollutant d).none of the above

28. B. O. D (Biological oxygen demand) determines the health of

a) Soil b) Air c) water d) microorganism

29. Methemoglobinemia is caused by the contamination of water due to

a) Mercury b) Nitrate c) Arsenic d) cadmium

30. Freon's are called

a) Hydrocarbons b) Ozone c) methane d) solvents

31. Which of the following is air pollutant?

a) CO b) O2 c) N2 d) all

32. Which of the following is mainly responsible for the causes of water pollution?

a) Afforestation b) Oil refineries (c) Paper factories (d) Both b and c

33. Which of the following is involved in production of carboxy haemoglobin?
a) CO b) SO2 c) NO2 d) NO3

34. Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel gives

(a) Nitrogen oxide (b) Carbon monoxide (c) Sulphur dioxide (d) Carbon dioxide
35. The main components of photochemical smog is

(a) Water vapour (b) Sulphur dioxide (c) Oxides of nitrogen (d) Nitrogen

36. Sound becomes hazardous noise pollution at decibels

(a) Above 30 (b) Above 80 (c) Above 100 (d) Above
120

37. The atmosphere of big cities is polluted most by,

(a) House hold waste (b) Radioactive falls out
(c) Automobile exhausts (d) Pesticides

38. Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

(a) Automobile exhaust (c) Windmill
(b) Burning of firewood (d) Power plant

39. Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel gives

(a) Nitrogen oxide (c) Carbon monoxide
(b) Sulphur dioxide (d) Carbon dioxide

40. The lowest layer of atmosphere is

a) Ionosphere b) Troposphere c) Stratosphere d) Lithosphere

41. ____________ happened in India in 1984.

a) Chipko Movement b) Bhopal gas disaster c) Narmada Bachao Andolan

42. Which of the following serves as an indicator of atmospheric pollution?

(a) Fern (b) liverworts (c) hornworts (d) epiphytic lichens

43. What is the order of waste management hierarchy, from most to least favoured

a. Prevention- Recycle-Reuse b. Prevention-Reuse-Disposal-Recycle

c. Prevention-Disposal -Reuse-Recycle d. Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Disposal

44. What is a Geo-net?

a. A synthetic material used for drainage of liquids
b. A synthetic material used for drainage of Gases
c. A ceramic material used for drainage of liquids
d. A fibrous material used for drainage of liquids

45 . How do you remove leachate from the landfill?

a. By Gravity b. By pumping from low points
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above

46. What is the most expensive component of solid waste handling?

a. Collection b. Storage c. Treatment d. Separation
47. What are the methods in which energy can be recovered from Waste to energy (1) Heat (2)
Electricity (3) Co-generation

a. By (1) and (2) b. By (2) and (3)

c. By (1), (2) and (3) d. None of the above

48. What is the process flow in a integrated solid waste management system?
a. Generation-Source separation- facility separation-collection- Transfer and transport-Landfill
b. Generation-Source separation-collection- Transfer and transport -facility separation-Landfill
c. Generation-Source separation-collection-facility separation-Transfer & transport-
Landfill
d. Generation-Source separation-collection- Landfill -facility separation, Transfer & transport

49. Which of the following solid wastes describe the term ‘Municipal Solid Waste’?
(a) Toxic (b) Hazardous
(c) Non-toxic (d) Non-hazardous

50. What is the order of waste management hierarchy, from most to least favoured
a. Prevention- Recycle-Reuse- Disposal b. Prevention-Reuse-Disposal-Recycle
c. Prevention-Disposal -Reuse-Recycle d. Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Disposal
52. Which of the following plans are used as a waste management plan?
(a) Use a waste management plan
(b) The integrated waste management plan
(c) Recycling of waste management plan
(d) Reducing the waste management plan

53. Which of the statements is true for the organic material in the buried solid waste that will
decompose?
(a) By the flow of water (b) By the soil particles
(c) By the action of microorganisms (d) By the action of oxidation
54. The process of burning municipal solid wastes in a properly designed furnace under suitable
temperature and these operating conditions is called
(a) Landfill (b) Incineration
(c) Recycling (d) Vermicomposting
55. Which of the following gas generates when the matter inside the sanitary landfill breaks
down?
(a) Methane (b) Nitrogen
(c) Hydrogen (d) All of the above
56. Which of the following is the simplest and most common method used in the cities to dump
the collected wastes?
(a) River (b) Ocean
(c) Landfill (d) None of the above

57. The most disposable wastes are in the form of ________________.

(a) Solids (b) Liquids
(c) Slurries (d) All of the above

58. Which of the following methods is a good way of dealing with the solid waste problem?
(a) Recycling (b) Landfilling
(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

59. Which of the following gas can be produced from landfill wastes?
(a) Biogas (b) Natural gas
(c) Liquefied petroleum gas (d) All of the above

60. How many main components are there in integrated waste management?
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Seven (d) Eleven

61. Which of the following element/s is/are cause of e-waste?

a) Lead b). Cadmium
c). Beryllium d) Brominates flame retardant

62. Which toxic compound is not found in e-waste?

a) Mercury b) Cadmium
c) Neon d) Lead

63. What does e- waste stand for?

a) Environment waste b) Electronic waste
c) Equipment waste d). None of the above

64. Which country produces the most e-waste per year?

a) India b) China
c) USA d) France

65. The most valuable part of a PC or TV is the

a) Lead in the CRT b) Circuit boards that contain silver and gold
c) Copper in the cathode yoke d) None of the above

66. Primary sludge includes __________

a) Total suspended solids b) Suspended solids
c) Removable solids d) Settleable solids
67. Which of the following methods are used in rural communities?
a) Aerobic digestion b) Mechanical dewatering
c) Dewatering d) Composting

68. From which of the following methods can toxic chemicals be removed?
a) Sorption b) Adsorption
c) Absorption d) Dewatering

69. What is the term used for reuse of sewage sludge?

a) Compost b) Solids
c) Biosolids d) Sludge
70. Sludge from the primary clarifier is ______
a) Brown and flocculant like appearance b) Dark in colour
c) Gray and slimy d) Dark brown in colour

71. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?

a) Polythene bags b) Synthetic fiber
c) Food waste d) Paper

72. The process of decomposition of biodegradable solid waste by earthworms is called

___________
a) Land fills b) Shredding
c) Vermi-composting d) Composting

73. ______ is the cutting and tearing of municipal solid waste.

a) Land fills b) Shredding
c) Pulverization d) Composting

74. X ray films are a source of which of the following gas?

a) SO2 b) CO2
c) NO2 d) SO3
75. The process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and conditions in
a specific furnace is called ______.
(a) Landfill (b) Incineration
(c) Recycling (d) Vermicomposting
76. When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates
(a) Methane (b) Nitrogen
(c) Hydrogen (d) All of the above
77. Which of the following methods is better for the solid waste problem?
(a) Recycling (b) Landfilling
(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above
78. Which of the following gas is produced from landfill wastes?
(a) Biogas (b) Natural gas
(c) Liquified petroleum gas (d) All of the above
79. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialization is

a) Industry should be closed b) Don’t allow new industrial units

c) Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal

d) Industries should be shifted far away from human habit tats.

80. Which of the following industry generates colored waste?

a) Software industry b) Textile industry c) Biomedical industry d) None

81. Physical pollution of water is due to

a) Dissolved oxygen b) Turbidity c) pH d) None of these

82. Sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as a pollutant

a) 40dB b) 80dB c) 120dB d) 150dB

83. “Minamata Disease” is caused due to

a) Lead b) Arsenic c) Mercury d) Cadmium

84. The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the Acid rain is called

a) Transpiration. b) Evapo-transpiration c) Leaching d) Infiltration.

85. Chloro Fluro Carbon’s (CFC) are

a) Nontoxic b) Nonflammable c) Non carcinogenic d) All the above

86. Formation of ozone layer is explained by

a) Rosenmund reaction b) Henderson’s reaction

c) Chapman’s reaction. d) Perkin’s reaction

87. Bhopal Gas Tragedy caused due to leakage of

a) Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC) b) Sulphur dioxide c) Mustard gas d) methane

88. The Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in the year:

a). 1986 b). 1976

c). 1989 d). 1991
89. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in
a). 1970 b). 1986
c). 1988 d). 1998

90. The EPA consists

a). 5 Chapters, 18 sections b). 4 chapters, 26 sections
c). 3 chapters , 20 sections d). 4 chapters, 24 sections

91. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in the year
a) 1981 b) 1986
c) 1991 d) 1989

92. Noise pollution has been inserted as pollution in the Air Act in:
a) 1981 b) 1976
c) 1997 d) 1987

93. ---- is solid waste generated during dry processes in Textile industry
a) Press mud b) Yeast sludge c) Cotton dust d) Bagasse

94. What is the percentage of settleable solids in municipal wastewater?

a) 60 b) 70 c) 90 d) 65

95. What is the color of septic wastewater?

a) Grey b) Black c) Light brown d) Dark brown