Digital Photography

Workshop
What is Photography?
Photographing is the process of writing with light.
Recording still images on a sensitive material
surface based on the principle of the camera
obscura, in which an image captured through a
small hole is projected onto a surface.
The word comes from the Greek Phos (light) and
grafis (to write).
Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• 5th century Aristotle creates the darkroom.
• 15th century and early 16th century, with the
creation of the camera obscura, Leonardo Da
Vinci began to lay the foundations for
photography.

17th Century Camera Obscura

Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• 1727 German JH Schluze demonstrates the light
sensitivity of silver nitrate.
• 1826 Niépce achieved the first photograph,
establishing the relationship between the camera
and the still image.
Digital Photography
Workshop

Daguerreotype
by Edgar Allan
Po

Calotyp
e
Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• The daguerreotype was the first photographic
procedure announced and disseminated by Louis
Daguerre in the city of Paris.
• 1481 Fox Talbot patents the Calotype.
Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• 1888 Gorge Eastman launches the Kodak camera,
which had all the qualities necessary for mass
production; it was light and compact and the
photographer did not have to develop the photos.
• 1893 Thomas A. Edison invents the perforated
35mm film roll. First
Kodak camera
• 1924 Oscar Barknack used perforated film in a
camera of his invention, the Laica I.

35mm Perforated Film By

Thomas A. Edison
Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• In 1935, Kodachrome film appeared and in 1936,
Agfacolor, with which the use of color film
became widespread.
• 1947, Erwin Land invents the Polaroid process for
instant development.

Kodachrome film

52 I
Digital Photography
Brief History of Photography
Workshop
• The last great invention was the replacement of
the film roll by a light-sensitive electronic sensor.
• 1975, Steve Sasson, a Kodak technician,
manufactures the first filmless digital camera.
• 1989 Fuji manufactures the first commercially
available digital camera (Fujix DS-1P).
• 1995 the first digital camera with LCD screen
appears (Casio QV-10).
Digital Photography
Types of Photography
Workshop
• According to the final objective: capture of a
moment or subject, artistic and mixed.
• According to the subject to be photographed:
architecture, nature, abstract, astronomy, still life,
portraits, sports.
Digital Photography
The Digital Camera – Types of
Workshop
Camera
Compact: small in size and sensor, light weight,
non-removable lens, no viewfinder, framed by
screen.
Ultrazoom or bridge: a little more advanced than
the previous ones, their main difference is that the
optical zoom can reach up to 32x.
Micro 4/3 mirrorless: they do not have a mirror
like compact cameras but use interchangeable
lenses, maintaining the sensor size of the
conventional 4/3.

LUM
IX
Digital Photography
The Digital Camera – Types of
Workshop
Camera
•
Reflex (DSLR): It has a reflex viewfinder thanks
to which we can see directly through the lens, its
lenses are interchangeable.

•
Medium format: they have a larger sensor than
DSLRs, dedicated only to the professional and
scientific field where really large enlargements
are necessary.
Digital Photography
Workshop
The Digital Camera – Components
•
Aim
•
Diaphrag
m
Focusing Mechanism
•
Shutter
Viewfi
nder
Sensor
Digital Photography
Workshop
The Digital Camera – Lenses – Definitions
• Minimum Focus Distance: Minimum distance at which you can DISTANCE 8mm 20mm 35mm 50mm
FOCAL
focus, 85mm

• Focal length: distance between the lens diaphragm and the 200mm
focus.
• Aperture: How open the diaphragm can be.
• Maximum aperture: The maximum opening that the
diaphragm can make in a lens. ANGLE OF 28.5°
VIEW 180° 94°
• Image stabilizer: system that reduces vibrations.
• Focus: Autofocus system varies in speed and accuracy
according to the range of the lens.
• Build quality.
• Sharpness, distortion and aberrations.

14-42mm 1:3.5-5.6 16-45mm 1:4

Digital Photography
Workshop
The of
Chamber
• Fisheye (4mm to 8mm)

•
Wide Angle (10 mm and 35 mm)
Digital Photography
The Digital Camera – Type of Lenses
Workshop
• Normal Objectives (35mm to 50mm)

• Zoom or Telephoto lenses (greater than 50 mm)

Digital Photography
Workshop
The of
Chamber
•
Macro
Digital Photography
Workshop
The Digital Camera – How it Works
In modern digital cameras, special filters,
sensors and memory cards do the work of
old-fashioned film reels. Learn a little
This is how digital images are
more about how they work.
captured
The digital camera Different types of memory for storing photos depending on the camera
Its main characteristic is that it transforms light into electrical They are removable cards and allow data to be transported. They have storage different capacities
signals and stores them in a memory. either.
It usually has a button that offers Compact Flash SmartMedia binary code (represented by pixels)
different image capture modes. zeros and ones). Miaodrive Secure Digital
These are programs that adapt to MemorySbck MultiMedia
Finally, the image is stored in The more we divide the grid, the
changes in light, with settings that The photos are divided into a more definition we will have in the How to define image quality
can be automatic or manual. the camera's memory as
mesh that creates boxes called image.

The lens -------------1 The CCD (light-sensitive

It is very similar to that of old semiconductor) sensor captures light and Less pixels
conventional cameras. transforms it into electrical signals. ,
lower resolution,
[Image preview] Special filters separate light into three basic less detail
colors: red, green and blue. These are The same image at: Lighter file
The viewfinder can be dispensed with
used in different proportions to reproduce the A8x8pixels
thanks to the LCD screen that
chromatic spectrum.
allows the user to see the images
that will be photographed.
Light enters the chamber through More
of the lens. At 120x 120 pixels pixelsHigher
resolution,
more
detailHeavier file
The image capture process step by step
Source, THE TRADE

www.elpais.oo
m /

www.quesabes
de.com
 Digital Photography
Workshop
The Digital Camera – Image Quality and Resolution
•
Image resolution becomes especially important when considering print size.
•
Resolution is the number of pixels that fit into the maximum image size that can be
captured by a digital camera.
•
The enlargement of a digital image reveals, from a certain point, these pixels.
Digital Photography
Workshop
“Which of my photos is my favorite
photo?”
One that I will do tomorrow”

Imogen Cunningham
Digital Photography
Workshop
Taking Pictures – Concepts
• White Balance: a function of digital cameras that allows you to correct the colors of a photo based on the
lighting conditions in which it was taken.

Daylight
Digital Photography
Sensitivity: Sensitivity is measured according to the ISO standard (International Standard
Workshop
Org.), the higher the number, the greater the sensitivity; with which it is able to capture
light.

Taking Pictures – Concepts

ization) in the
largest
amount

ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO

200 400 800 1,600 3,200 5.000 6.400
35mm 35mm 35mm 35mm 35mm 35mm 35mm
f/8 f/8 8 s f/8 4s f/8 2 s f/8 1s f/8 f/8
0.50
13 s 0.80 s s
Digital Photography
Workshop
Taking Pictures – Concepts
Aperture: is the size to which the camera's diaphragm opens and which controls how can be adjusted
much light enters through it. It is represented by the number “f” the smaller the area of the larger the
light entry will be and vice versa.

f/2.8 f/5.6

f/11 f/16 f/22

Digital Photography
Taking Pictures – Concepts
Workshop
• Depth of field: Depth of field refers to the space between the first and last
objects that appear in focus in the photograph; in practice, it is the limited area of
space that extends in front of and behind the point on which we focus.

ISO ISO ISO ISO

400 400 400 400
Digital Photography
Workshop
Taking Pictures – Concepts
• Shutter Speed: The speed is controlled by the shutter, which can adapt to different speeds that determine
the amount of time the sensor will be exposed to light. Speeds are marked by fractions of a second.

ISO 1250
28mm f/4.5 1/640 s
ISO ISO ISO
200 200 2000
28mm 28mm 28mm
f/5 f/4.5 f/4.5
1/160 1/200 1/1000
Digital Photography
Workshop
Taking Pictures – Concepts
Exposure: Exposing a photograph is capturing the appropriate light so that the shadows, highlights and
midtones are reflected correctly, giving the photograph three-dimensionality and appropriate color tones.
The degree of exposure is measured in units, when an image is correctly exposed the measurement is “0”,
when an image is underexposed (with less light) it is measured in negative values (-1, -2) and when it is
overexposed (with more light) it is measured in positive values (+1, +2).
Digital Photography
Workshop
Taking Pictures – Concepts
• Exposure Triangle

Depth of field

f: 1 -1,4-2-2,8-4-5,6-8-11 -16-22-32-45-64

Opening ----------->a
UdeSCFo Digital
Photography Workshop
Composition - Definition
•
Composing is the art of choosing, distributing and organizing
each element that we place within the visual space to create
our photograph.
•
There are no fixed rules that can be applied to photographic
composition, so we must develop our photographic vision,
based on experience and knowledge of certain standards.
•
The first decisions we make when composing are:
• Framing
• Approach
• Angle and perspective
• The light
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors – Geometry
• Rule of Thirds: This rule tells us that the center of
attention should be placed at the intersection of the
imaginary lines that divide a photograph into three
parts from top to bottom and from left to right.
• The points where these lines intersect are the vertices
of a central rectangle in the shot, called the golden
zone.
UdeSCFo Digital
Photography Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors – Geometry
• Symmetry: It is simple, symmetrical, solemn and
formal; but cold and sometimes too mechanical,
although it is pleasant if the motifs located on both
sides of the axis of symmetry have the same “Visual
Weight”.
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors – Geometry
• Asymmetry: It is known or identified by the name of
the shapes of letters or figures that it adopts
(triangular, S, L or C).
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors – Geometry
• Use of Lines: Lines may be present in
the image or exist implicitly by uniting the
constituent elements ir
•
Diagonal lines: strength or interest.
•
Horizontal lines: tranquility or calm.
•
Curved lines: sensuality or sinuousness.
Digital Photography
Workshop
•
Rhythm: is the result of the repetition of lines, shapes, - Geometry
volumes, tones and colors; the repetition of a motif
increases the harmony of a scene.
UdeSCFo Digital
Photography Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors
•
Center of Interest: The simplest and most effective
way to highlight its importance is to place the center of
interest according to the rule of thirds.
•
Also, where we place the focus will be the point that
stands out the most in the image.
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors
• Shooting Angle: the choice of the position and of the camera has a direct influence on the
subjective perception of an image.
Chopp
ed
Low angle
shot
Zenith
al
Level

Chop
ped

Low angle
shot
Digital Photography
Composition – Composition Factors
Workshop
•
Tone: predominant level of luminosity in an image. White, black and the entire
range of grays constitute the tonal range.
•
Contrast: difference in tones between different areas of the image.
•
According to the tonal range, the photographs can be:
UdeSCFo Digital
Photography Workshop
– Factors of the
• High Key (High – Key)
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors
• Low Key (Low – Key)
Digital Photography
Workshop
Composition – Composition Factors
Texture: Texture refers to the structure of the surface
layer of a material. A photo with a highlighted texture
gives realism to the image because it stimulates our
sense of touch.

an
dI
4
Digital Photography
Workshop– Composition Factors
Composition
•
Law of the Gaze: consists of respecting the direction
in which the model in our portrait looks. If we want to
respect the law of the gaze, we must leave space for
the subject to “look,” even if this space is apparently
empty of meaning.
Digital Photography
Workshop
Final Tips
•
The quality of the composition is much more valuable
than the technique.
•
Whenever possible, before photographing an object you
should look at it from all angles, study the lighting
possibilities and think carefully about the composition,
framing, among others.
•
The best light is at sunrise and sunset.
•
You can get wonderful photos in fog or rain, you just
have to know where to stand.
•
Look for unusual and humorous situations with the
elements of the image.
Digital Photography
“Your first 10,000 photographs will be
Workshop your worst photographs”

Henri Cartier-Bresson
Thank you for your
assistance!!