WHAT IS STRUCTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT?

DISCUSS IT WITH REFERENCE TO ITS

1. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
Government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary.
Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as
a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a
kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy.
2. WHY IS GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE IMPORTANT?
Though the rules and responsibilities vary greatly through time and place,
governments must create them. Governments provide the parameters for
everyday behavior for citizens, protect them from outside interference, and
often provide for their well-being and happiness.
3. WHAT IS STRUCTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT?
The structure of government is defined by means of a number of functions: That
there should be three branches of Government—one to make the laws, another
to execute them, and a third to interpret them which are considered as essential
to the role of government as a life sustainable system.
4. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT:
A. AUTOCRACY
An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is
concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to
neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular
control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass
insurrection).
B. ARISTOCRACY
It is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small,
privileged ruling class.
Many monarchies were aristocracies, although in modern constitutional
monarchies the monarch himself or herself has little real power. The term
aristocracy could also refer to the non-peasant, non-servant, and non-city
classes in the feudal system.
C. DEMOCRACY:
Democracy is a system of government where the citizens exercise power by
voting. In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body
and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens
elect representatives from among themselves.
These representatives meet to form a governing body, such as a legislature.
In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised
within the framework of a representative democracy, but the constitution
limits the majority and protects the minority, usually through the enjoyment
by all of certain individual rights, e.g. freedom of speech, or freedom of
association.
D. REPUBLICS:
A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a
"public matter" (Latin: res publica), not the private concern or property of
the rulers, and where offices of states are subsequently directly or indirectly
elected or appointed rather than inherited. The people, or some significant
 portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where
offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. A common simplified
definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a
monarch. Montesquieu included both democracies, where all the people
have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies, where only some of the
people rule, as republican forms of government
E. FEDERALISM:
Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound
together by covenant with a governing representative head. The term
"federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which
sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority
and constituent political units, variously called states, provinces or otherwise.
Federalism is a system based upon democratic principles and institutions in
which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state
governments, creating what is often called a federation. Proponents are
often called federalists.
F. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
i. CAPITALISM
A social-economic system in which the means of production (machines, tools,
factories, etc.) are under private ownership and their use is for profit.
ii. COMMUNISM
A social-economic system in which means of production are commonly
owned (either by the people directly, through the commune or by
communist society), and production is undertaken for use, rather than for
profit. Typically, communist societies use a planned economy to direct the
production and distribution of goods and services.
iii. FEUDALISM
A social-economic system of land ownership and duties. Under feudalism, all
the land in a kingdom was the king's. However, the king would give some of
the land to the lords or nobles who fought for him. These presents of land
were called manors. Then the nobles gave some of their land to vassals. The
vassals then had to do duties for the nobles. The lands of vassals were called
fiefs.
iv. SOCIALISM
A social-economic system in which workers, democratically and socially own
the means of production and the economic framework may be decentralized,
distributed or centralized planned or self-managed in autonomous economic
units. Public services would be commonly, collectively, or state owned, such
as healthcare and education.
v. WELFARE STATE
A social-economic system in which the state plays a key role in the protection
and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is
based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of
wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the
minimal provisions for a good life.
5. COMPONENTS OF THE GOVERNEMNT:
a. EXECUTIVE BRANCH:
 The executive is the branch of government responsible for the overall
governance of a state. In countries which base their political system on the
separation of powers, the executive branch of government is responsible for
enforcing and executing laws made by the legislative branch of government.
b. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH:
A deliberative body of persons, which is usually elective, who are
empowered to make, change, or repeal the laws of a country or state; the
branch of government having the power to make laws, as distinguished from
the executive and judiciary.
c. JUDICIAL BRANCH:
The judiciary is the branch of government which administers justice
according to law. The term is used to refer broadly to the courts, the judges,
magistrates, adjudicators and other support personnel who run the system.
The courts apply the law, and settle disputes and punish law-breakers
according to the law.
6. FUNCTIONS OF BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT:
A. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT?
The judicial branch is in charge of deciding the meaning of laws, how to apply
them to real situations, and whether a law breaks the rules of the
Constitution. The Constitution is the highest law of the nation
Federal courts enjoy the sole power to:
i. Interpret the law,
ii. Determine the constitutionality of the law,
iii. Determine the constitutionality of acts and
iv. Determine the constitutionality of Acts,
v. And apply it to individual cases.
The lower courts, like civil and criminal, can
i. Compel the production of evidence and testimony through the use of
a subpoena,
ii. Determine rights
iii. And punish the wrong doers.
B. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LEGILATIVE BRANCH?
The legislative branch is made up of the Provincial and National Houses and
Senate, known collectively as the Shura/Parliament.
Among other powers, the legislative branch
i. Makes all laws,
ii. Declares war,
iii. Regulates interstate and foreign commerce
iv. And controls taxing and spending policies.
C. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH?
The executive is the branch of government responsible for:
i. Implementation of laws and
ii. Implementation of policies adopted by the legislature.
iii. The executive is often involved in the framing of policy.
iv. The Executive branch makes all decisions about government policy.
v. It sets priorities for programs and services.
Decisions about policies and programs take into account many factors, the
wishes of the people and financial resources being the two most important
ones.