10

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2 - Module 5:
Tangents, Secants, Segments
and Sectors of a Circle

AIRs - LM
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 Target

Have a great day! In this module you will be learning about the different
geometric relationships involving tangents, secants, segments and sectors of a circle.
You are also given the opportunity to design something practical where tangents,
secants, segments and sectors of a circle are illustrated and applied. Likewise, it also
focuses on the theorems involving secants, tangents and segments and their
properties particularly on the angles that they form. This module will also show how
the measures of the angles formed by tangents and secants can be determined and
other aspects on how to compute for the measures of the angles.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives:

Learning Competency:
1. Illustrates secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.( M10GE-
lle–1)
2. Proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments.(M10GE-IIe-f-1)

Subtasks:
• Recall and identify secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.
• Illustrate and determine the secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a
circle.
• Show the relationship between tangents, secants and segments of a circle.

Before going on, find out how much you already know about the topic in this
module. Answer the pre-assessment below.

Pre – Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Select the best answer to
each item then write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet.

1. What do you call the line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in exactly two
points?
A. secant B. sector C. segment D. tangent
2. Which of the following terms refers to the region bounded by two radii and the
minor arc they determine?
A. secant segment B. sector of a circle
C. segment of a circle D. tangent segment
3. Which of the following lines refers to a line that is tangent to two circles in the
same plane?
A. common tangent B. curve
C. secant D. tangent

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 For number 4 to 7, refer to the figure below.

4. Which of the following is a tangent line?

A. ⃡𝐴𝐵 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 C. 𝐹𝐸 ⃡
D. 𝐵𝐹
5. What do you call the region bounded by 𝑃𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝑃𝐸
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐸
̂?
A. segment CDE B. sector BPA C. sector CPE D. sector BPC
6. Which of the following segments is an external secant segment?
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐵 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐵
7. Which of the following is a secant segment?
̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑃𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅
D. 𝐹𝐵
8. If two chords intersect each other inside a circle, then the products of their
segments are equal. What theorem corresponds to this statement?
A. Radius-Tangent B. Intersecting Chord
C. Perpendicular Chord D. Tangent-Secant
9. What is the process in finding the measure of an angle formed by secants
intersecting inside the circle?
A. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
B. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc
C. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
D. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc
10. How would you find the measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting
outside the circle?
A. twice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
B. thrice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
C. one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs
D. one-third the difference of the two intercepted arcs

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 ̂ = 140 and 𝑚𝑀𝑁
11. In Figure 1 below, 𝑚𝑋𝑌 ̂ = 20. What is 𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌?
A. 60 B. 90 C. 120 D. 180

Figure 1

12. In the Figure 2, ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 are tangents to circle A at B and D. If CB = 16, what
is CD?
A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 20

Figure 2

13. In the same figure above, if 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 40, what is 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐴?

A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60
̅̅̅̅
14. Which of the following is the length of 𝑍𝐾 in the figure 3?
A. 2.86 units B. 6 units C. 8 units D. 8.75 units

Figure 3
15. In the figure below, ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑌 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑌 are secants. If 𝑆𝑌 = 15 cm, 𝑇𝑌 = 6 cm, and 𝐿𝑌 = 8
cm. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑌 ?
A. 20 cm B. 12 cm
C. 11.25 cm D. 6.75
cm

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 Lesson Tangents, Secants, Segments,
1 and Sectors of a Circle

Jumpstart

Let us start this lesson by assessing your knowledge of the different

mathematical concepts previously studied and other mathematical skills learned.
These knowledge and skills will help you understand the different geometric
relationships involving tangents and secants of a circle, relationships among tangent
and secant segments, and segment and sector of a circle. If you find any difficulty in
answering the different exercises, seek the assistance of your teacher or peers or
refer to the modules you have studied earlier.

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activity. Good luck!!

Activity 1: Investigate Me!

Direction: In the figure below, C is the center of the circle. Use the figure to answer
the following questions that follow.

Questions:
1. Which lines intersect circle 𝐶 at two points?
2. How about the lines that intersect circle 𝐶 at exactly one point?
3. Which shaded region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its endpoint?
4. Which shaded region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the
endpoints of the arc?

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 Were you able to determine and identify all the lines, name all the segments, and
shaded regions of the circle? I am sure it was! This time, find out the relationships
among tangent and secant lines, tangent and secant segments and segment and
sector of the circle.

Discover

Tangent Line
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one
and only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the
point of tangency.

Example: In the figure on the right , ⃡𝑃𝑄

intersects ⃡ is a
C at A. 𝑃𝑄
tangent line and A is the point of
tangency.

Tangent Segment
A tangent segment is a segment of a tangent line whose endpoints are the point
of tangency and any other point on the tangent line.
In the figure above, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑄 are tangent segments.
Common Tangent
A common tangent is line that is tangent to two circles in the same plane.

Common internal tangents Common external tangents

intersect the segment joining do not intersect the segment joining
the centers of the two circles the centers of the two circles

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 Lines c and d are Lines s and t are
common internal tangents common external tangents

Tangent
Segments and rays that are coplanar with the circle and intersect the circle in
one and only one point are also said to be tangent to the circle.

In the figure on the right, ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑀𝑁 and
𝑄𝑅 are tangents to S

Secant Line
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains
a chord of a circle.

⃡
In circle A, 𝑀𝑁 is a secant line.

Secant Segment
If a segment intersects a circle in two points, and exactly one of these is an
endpoint of the segment, then the segment is called a secant segment to the circle.
A secant segment maybe divided into two parts. A secant segment may have an
internal and external segment.
External Secant Segment
An external secant segment is the part of a secant segment that is outside a circle
or a segment whose one endpoint is a point on the circle and the other endpoints are
in the exterior of the circle.
Internal Secant Segment
An internal secant segment is the part of the secant segment whose endpoints
are on the circle and all its points are in the interior of the circle.

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 In circle A, ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 is a secant segment.
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 is an internal secant segment
̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 is an external secant segment

Sector and Segment of a Circle

Sector of a Circle
A sector of a circle is a region in the circle
bounded by two radii and the minor
arc they determine.

The shaded region of the circle on the figure to the

right is an example of a sector. Sector ACB

Segment of a Circle
A segment of a circle is a region bounded by
an arc and the chord of the arc.

The shaded region in the figure on the right is a

segment of T. It is the region bounded by 𝑃𝑄 ̂
and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄

Now that you know the important ideas about the topic, you may now proceed to
the next activities.

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 Explore

Activity 2: Am I away from you?

Direction: Use the figures below, identify what is being asked.
A.

1. Secant segments:
______ and ______
2. External secant segments:
_____ and _______
3. Internal secant segments:
_______ and _______

B.
1. Tangent segments:
______ and ______
2. Secant segments:
_____ and _______
3. External secant segments:
_______ and _______

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you have learned about tangent
and secant lines. Tangent and secant segments and segment and sector of a
circle.

Deepen

Activity 3: Try to Fit!

Direction: Answer the following. Place your answers in a bond paper.
A. Draw and label a circle that fits the following descriptions.
1. has center O
2. has secant line AB
3. has tangent line CD
B. Draw and label a circle that fits the following descriptions.
1. has center A
2. has secant segments MO and QO
3. has external secant segments NO and PO
4. has tangent segment RO

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 Lesson Theorems on Tangents, Secants
2 and Segments of a Circle

Jumpstart

Let us begin this lesson by assessing your knowledge of the different

mathematical concepts previously studied and other mathematical skills learned.
Furthermore, these knowledge and skills will help you understand the different
geometric relationships involving tangents, secants and segments of a circle.

Activity 1: Find Me!

Direction: Solve the following problems completely.

If ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 are tangents to circle A, then

1. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 ___ 𝐶𝐷
2. 𝐶𝐵 ___ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵

3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 are tangents to circle O.
If 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 = 160, then 𝑚∠𝐶 = _____.
4. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝑂 = 22, what is 𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝑂?

̂ = 242, what is
5. In the figure, if 𝑚𝑃𝑇𝐴
𝑚 ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿?

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 Discover

Below are some important matters that we need to discuss in order for you to
understand the theorems regarding secants, tangents and segments of a circle. Read
carefully and understand all salient points written in this part of the module.

Tangents and Secants of a Circle

A line on the same plane with a circle may or may

not intersect a circle. If ever a line intersects a circle,
it could be at one point or at two points.

The figures at the right showed these three instances.

Figure a at the right showed a line that does not

intersect the circle.

Figure b showed that line t intersects the circle at only

one point.

Figure c showed line l intersecting the circle at two points A and C.

We will focus our study on figures b and c.

In figure b, line t is called a tangent and point B is called the point of tangency.
Therefore, a tangent is a line that intersects a circle at only one point and the point
of intersection is called the point of tangency.

In figure c, line l intersects the circle at two points A and C. Hence, line l is called
a secant. Thus, a secant is a line that intersects a circle at two points.

Some properties exist between tangent and circle and they will be discussed here
in detail. The first theorem is given below.

THEOREMS ON TANGENT LINE

Radius-Tangent Theorem. If a line is tangent

to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the
radius at the point of tangency.

Given: line t is tangent to circle O at A.

̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 is a radius of the circle.

Prove: ̅̅̅̅
𝒕 ⊥ 𝑂𝐴

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Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Let B be another point on line t. 1. Line Postulate
2. B is on the exterior of circle O. 2. Definition of a tangent line (A
tangent can intersect a circle at only
one point)
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 < ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐵 3. The radius is the shortest
segment from the center to the
circle and B is on the exterior of the
circle.
4. 𝒕 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 4. The shortest distance from a point
to a line is the perpendicular segment.

Example:

⃡ is tangent to circle B, then

In the figure, if 𝐴𝐶
⃡ ⊥ 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐶 ⃡ at D.

The converse of the theorem is also true.

Converse: The line drawn perpendicular to the radius of a circle at its end on the
circle is tangent to the circle.

Illustration:
⃡ ⊥ ⃡𝐵𝐷 at D, then 𝐴𝐶
If 𝐴𝐶 ⃡ is tangent to circle B.

A circle is composed of infinite number of points; thus, it can also have an infinite
number of tangents. Tangents of the same circle can intersect each other only outside
the circle.
At this point, we will discuss the relationship of tangents that intersect the same
circle. As such, those tangents may or may not intersect each other. Our focus here
are those tangents that intersect each other outside the circle.

Consider the given figure:

̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 and ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝑌 are tangent segments from a
common external point A. What relationship exists
between 𝐴𝑀̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝑌
̅̅̅̅? The next theorem will tell us
about this relationship and other properties related
to tangent segments from a common external point.

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Theorem: If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point then
a. the two tangent segments are congruent and
b. the angle between the segments and the line joining the external point and
the center of the circle are congruent.

Given: Circle A. ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 are two tangent segments
from a common external point B. C and D are the
points of tangency.

Prove: a. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷
b. ∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Draw 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅. 1. Line determination Postulate
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 and ̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐷 are two tangent 2. Given
segments from a common external
point B.
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
3. 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 3. A line tangent to a circle is
perpendicular to the radius at the
point of tangency.
4. ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 and ∠ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 are right angles. 4. Definition of right angles
5. △ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 and △ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 are right 5. Definition of right triangles
triangles. 6. Radii of the same circle are
̅̅̅̅
6. 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐴𝐷̅̅̅̅ congruent.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
7. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 7. Reflexive property of Congruency
8. △ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ △ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 8. Hypotenuse-Leg Postulate
̅̅̅̅
9. 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷̅̅̅̅ 9-10. CPCTC (Corresponding parts of
10. ∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐴 congruent triangles are congruent).

Examples:

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
1. In the figure, 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ are tangents to circle A at
B and D.
a. If CB = 10, what is CD?
b. If 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 49, what is 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴?
c. If 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 73, what is 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴? 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴?

Solution:
a. Since 𝐶𝐵̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ are tangents to the same circle from the same external point,
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
then 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , and therefore, CB = CD. Thus, if CB = 10, then CD = 10.
b. 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90
49 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90
𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 90 – 49 = 41
1 1
c. 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = (𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷) = (73) = 36.5
2 2
∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 , 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 𝑚 ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 = 36.5

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2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 are tangents to circle A at S, M and
T respectively. If PS = 7, QM = 9 and RT = 5, what is
the perimeter of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅?

Solution:

Using the figure and the given information, it is

therefore clear that PS = PT, QS = QM and RM = RT.
PQ = PS + SQ QR = QM + MR PR = PT + RT

Perimeter of △ 𝑃𝑄𝑅 = PQ + QR + PR
= (PS + SQ) + (QM + MR) + (PT + RT)
= (PS + QM) + (QM + RT) + (PS + RT)
= 2PS + 2QM + 2RT
= 2(PS + QM + RT)
= 2(7 + 9 + 5)
= 2 (21)
= 42

Every time tangents and secants of circles are being studied, they always come
with the study of angles formed between them. Coupled with recognizing the angles
formed is the knowledge of how to get their measures. The next section will be
devoted to studying angles formed by secants and tangents and how we can get their
measures.

THEOREMS ON ANGLES FORMED BY TANGENTS AND SECANTS

Angles formed by secants and tangents are classified into five categories.
Each category is provided with illustration.

1. Angle formed by secant and tangent

intersecting on the circle. In the figure, two
angles of this type are formed, ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷 and ∠𝐹𝐸𝐵.
Each of these angles intercepts an arc. ∠𝐹𝐸𝐷
̂ and ∠𝐹𝐸𝐵 intercepts 𝐸𝐺𝐹.
intercepts 𝐸𝐹 ̂

2. Angle formed by two tangents. In the figure,

∠𝐸 is formed by two tangents. The angle intercepts
̂,
the whole circle divided into 2 arcs, minor arc 𝐹𝐷
̂
and major arc 𝐹𝐺𝐷.

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3. Angle formed by a secant and a tangent that
intersect at the exterior of the circle. ∠𝐶 is an
angle formed by a secant and a tangent that
intersect outside the circle.∠𝐶 intercepts two arcs,
̂ and 𝐴𝐷
𝐷𝐵 ̂.

4. Angle formed by two secants that intersect in the interior

of the circle. The figure shows four angles formed. ∠𝑀𝐴𝑁,
∠𝑁𝐴𝑅, ∠𝑃𝐴𝑅, and ∠𝑃𝐴𝑀. Each of these angle intercepts an arc.
∠𝑀𝐴𝑁 intercepts 𝑀𝑁̂ , ∠𝑁𝐴𝑅 intercepts 𝑁𝑅̂ , ∠𝑃𝐴𝑅 intercepts
̂ ̂
𝑃𝑅 and ∠𝑃𝐴𝑀 intercepts 𝑃𝑀.

5. Angle formed by two secants intersecting

outside the circle. ∠𝐸 is an angle formed by
two secants intersecting outside the circle. ∠𝐸
̂ and 𝑃𝑆
intercepts two arcs namely, 𝑄𝑅 ̂.

How do we get the measures of angles illustrated in the previous page? To

understand the answers to this question, we will work on each theorem proving how
to get the measures of each type of angle. It is therefore understood that the previous
theorem can be used in the proof of the preceding theorem.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect
on the circle is one-half its intercepted arc.

Given: Circle O. Secant m and tangent t intersect at E on circle O.

1
Prove: 𝑚∠CEB = CE ̂
2

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Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Draw diameter 𝐸𝐷̅̅̅̅. Join DC. 1. Line determination Postulate
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝑡
2. 𝐷𝐸 2. Radius-tangent theorem
3. ∠DCE is a right angle 3. Angle inscribed in a semicircle is a
right angle.
4. ∠DEB is a right angle 4. Perpendicular lines form right
angles
5. △ 𝐷𝐶𝐸 is a right triangle 5. Definition of right triangle
6. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 = 90 6. Acute angles of a right triangle are
complementary
7. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐵 7. Angle addition Postulate
8. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 90 8. Definition of complementary angles
9. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚 ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 9. Transitive Property of Equality
10. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠1 10. Reflexive Property of Equality
11. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 11. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
12. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚CÊ 12. Inscribed angle Theorem
2
1 13. Substitution
13. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚CE ̂
2

Illustration:
̂ = 104, what is the 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶? What is 𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹?
In the given figure, if 𝑚 𝐶𝐸

Solution:
1 1
̂
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚CE ̂
𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚CDE
2 2
1 1
= (104) = (360 − 104)
2 2
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 52 = (256)
2
𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 128

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by two tangents from a common external
point is equal to one-half the difference of the major arc minus the minor arc.

Given: Circle O. 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 are

tangents
1
̂ − 𝐵𝐶
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂)
2

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅ .
Draw chord 𝐵𝐶 1. Line determination Postulate
2. In △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠1 is an exterior angle 2. Definition of exterior angle
3. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝐴 3. Exterior angle theorem
4. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠2 4. Subtraction Property of Equality
5.
1
𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶̂ 5. Measure of angle formed by secant
2
1 and tangent intersecting on the
𝑚∠2 = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂
2 circle is one-half the intercepted arc.
6. 𝑚∠𝐴 =
1
̂
𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 −
1
̂
𝑚𝐵𝐶 6. Substitution
2 2

1 7. Algebraic solution (Common

̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
7. 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂)
2 monomial Factor)

Illustration:
̂ = 162.
Find the 𝑚∠𝐴 if 𝑚𝐵𝐶

Solution:
1
Since 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂ ), then we have to find first the measure of
2
major arc BXC. To find it, use the whole circle which is 360°.
̂ = 360 − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂
= 360 − 162
= 198
Then we use the theorem to find the measure of ∠𝐴,
1 1
𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝑋𝐶 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂) 𝑚∠𝐴 = (36)
2 2
1
= (198 − 162) 𝑚∠𝐴 = 18
2

We are now into the third type of angle. Angle formed by secant and tangent
intersecting on the exterior of the circle.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a secant and tangent intersecting on

the exterior of the circle is equal to one-half the difference of their intercepted arcs.

Given: 𝐵𝐴 is a tangent of circle O

𝐵𝐷 is a secant of circle O
𝐵𝐴 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at B
1
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐵 = (𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝐴𝐶̂)
2

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝐵𝐴 is a tangent of circle O, 𝐵𝐷 is a 1. Given
secant of circle O
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐷𝐴𝐵 3. Definition of exterior angle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 4. Exterior angle Theorem
5. 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
6. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 6. The measure of an angle formed
2
by secant and tangent intersecting on
the circle equals one-half its
intercepted arc.
7. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 =
1
̂
𝑚𝐴𝐶 7. Inscribed angle Theorem
2
8. 𝑚∠𝐵 =
1
̂
𝑚𝐴𝐷 −
1
̂
𝑚𝐴𝐶 8. Substitution
2 2
9. 𝑚∠𝐵 =
1
̂ − 𝑚𝐴𝐶
(𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ ) 9. Simplifying expression
2

Illustration:
̂ = 150 and 𝑚𝐴𝐶
In the figure, if 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ = 73 , what is the measure of 𝑚∠𝐵?

Solution:
1
𝑚∠𝐵 = ̂ − 𝑚𝐴𝐶
(𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ )
2
1
= (150 − 73)
2
1
= (77)
2
𝑚∠𝐵 = 38. 5

The next theorem will tell us how angles whose vertex is in the interior of a
circle can be derived. Furthermore, this will employ the previous knowledge of
vertical angles whether on a circle or just on a plane.

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by secants intersecting inside the circle
equals one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair.

⃡ and ⃡𝐵𝐷 are secants intersecting outside the circle

Given: 𝐴𝐶
O forming ∠1 with vertical angle pai ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷. (We will just work
on one pair of vertical angles.)

1
Prove: 𝑚∠1(𝑚∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 ) = ̂ + 𝐷𝐶
(𝐴𝐵 ̂ )
2

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
Proof:
Statements Reasons
⃡ and 𝐵𝐷
1. 𝐴𝐶 ⃡ are secants intersecting 1. Given
outside the circle O.
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐴𝐸𝐷 3. Definition of exterior angle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 4. Exterior angle Theorem
1
5. 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ 5. Inscribed Angle Theorem
2
1
𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = ̂
𝑚𝐴𝐵
2
6. 𝑚∠1 =
1
̂ + 1 𝑚𝐴𝐵
𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ 6. Substitution
2 2
1
𝑚∠1 = ̂ + 𝑚𝐴𝐵
(𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂)
2

Illustration:
̂ = 73 and 𝑚𝐷𝐶
Using the figure, find the measure of ∠1 if 𝑚𝐴𝐵 ̂ = 90.

Solution:
Using the formula in the theorem,
1
𝑚∠1 = (𝑚𝐷𝐶 ̂ + 𝑚𝐴𝐵̂)
2
1
= (90 + 73)
2
1
= (163)
2
𝑚∠1 = 81.5

Let us discuss how to find the measure of the angle formed by two secants
intersecting outside the circle.

Theorem: The measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside the
circle is equal to one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs.

Given: 𝐴𝐵 ⃡ and 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ are secants

intersecting outside the circle O forming
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 outside the circle.
1
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝐵𝐶̂ )
2

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
Proof:
Statements Reasons
⃡ and 𝐶𝐷
1. 𝐴𝐵 ⃡ are secants 1. Given
intersecting outside the circle O
forming ∠BEC outside the circle.
̅̅̅̅
2. Draw 𝐷𝐵 2. Line determination Postulate
3. ∠1 is an exterior angle of ∆𝐷𝐵𝐸 3. Definition of exterior angle of a triangle
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 4. Exterior angle Theorem
5. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠2 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1
6. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ 6. Inscribed Angle Theorem
2
1
𝑚∠2 = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ̂
2

7.
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 1 𝑚𝐵𝐶
̂ 7. Substitution
2 2
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶
̂)
2

Illustration:
̂ = 150 and 𝑚𝐵𝐶
Find the measure of ∠BEC if 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ = 80.

Solution:
Again, we apply the theorem using the formula:
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 ̂ − 𝑚𝐵𝐶̂)
2
1
= (150 − 80)
2
1
= (70)
2
𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 35

Tangents and Secants Segments

Let us proceed to the theorems on tangent and secant segments of circles with
illustrations and examples presented.

Intersecting Chord Theorem: When two chords intersect each other inside a circle,
the products of their segments are equal.

In the circle shown at the right, ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐶 intersects ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 at S. AC consists of two segments,
namely, AS and SC. Likewise, for BD, we have BS and SD. From the theorem,
𝐴𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐶 = 𝐵𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐷

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
In the illustration above, If AS = 8, SC = 2, BS = 4, what is SD?
Solution:
Using the formula,
𝐴𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐶 = 𝐵𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐷
8 ∙ 2 = 4 ∙ 𝑆𝐷
16 = 4𝑆𝐷
𝑆𝐷 = 4

Intersecting Secants Theorem: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from
an exterior point, then the product of the measures of one secant segment and its
external secant segment is equal to the product of the measures of the other secant
segment and its external secant segment.

̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑀𝑄
In the circle, 𝑀𝑂 ̅̅̅̅̅ are secants that
intersects at point M.
So, 𝑀𝑁 ∙ 𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑄

Given: 𝑀𝑁 = 10, 𝑁𝑂 = 17, 𝑀𝑃 = 9. Find the length of 𝑃𝑄.

Solution:
𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑁 + 𝑁𝑂
𝑀𝑄 = 𝑀𝑃 + 𝑃𝑄
𝑀𝑁 ∙ 𝑀𝑂 = 𝑀𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑄
𝑀𝑁(𝑀𝑁 + 𝑁𝑂) = 𝑀𝑃(𝑀𝑃 + 𝑃𝑄)
10(10 + 17) = 9(9 + 𝑃𝑄)
270 = 81 + 9𝑃𝑄
189 = 9𝑃𝑄
21 = 𝑃𝑄
Therefore, PQ is equal to 21 units.

Intersecting Secant-Tangent Theorem: If a tangent segment and a secant segment

are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the square of the measure of the
tangent segment is equal to the product of the measures of the secant segment and
its external secant segment.

In the circle, ̅̅̅̅

𝑈𝑉 is a tangent and ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑌 is a
secant. They intersect at point 𝑈. So,
(𝑈𝑉)2 = 𝑈𝑋 ∙ 𝑈𝑌

In the circle shown above, if 𝑈𝑋 = 8 and 𝑋𝑌 = 10, find the length of 𝑈𝑉.
Solution:
Since 𝑈𝑌 = 𝑈𝑋 + 𝑈𝑌, then 𝑈𝑌 = 18
(𝑈𝑉)2 = 𝑈𝑋 ∙ 𝑈𝑌

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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 = (8)(18)
= 144
Take the square root of each side,
√(𝑈𝑉)2 = √144
𝑈𝑉 = 12

Explore

Work on the following enrichment activity for you to apply your understanding
on this lesson.

Activity 2: Missing Me!

Direction: In each of the given figure, find the measure of the unknown angle (x).

How did you find the activity? What mathematical concepts did you use?
Now, here is another activity that deepens your understanding on the concepts
and theorems you have studied in this module.
use?

Now, here is another activity that lets you apply what you have learned about
theorems on tangents and secants segments.
21
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 Deepen

Activity 3: Try Me!

Directions: Answer the following problems completely. Find the missing angles or
arcs in the given figure.

̂ = 108 and 𝑚∠𝐷𝑂𝐶 = 85, find:

1. If 𝑚𝐷𝐸
̂
a. 𝑚𝐸𝐴 d. 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐵
b. 𝑚∠𝐸𝐴𝐹 e. 𝑚∠1
c. 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐹

2. Using the given figure, find x and y.

3. If 𝑥 = 18 and 𝑦 = 23, find 𝑚∠1.

4. ⃡𝐸𝐶 is tangent to circle O. ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 is a diameter. If
̂ ̂
𝑚𝐷𝐵 = 47, find 𝑚𝐴𝐷 and 𝑚∠𝐸𝐶𝐷.

5. A polygon is said to be circumscribed about a circle

if its sides are tangent to the circle. ∆PRT is circumscribed
about circle O. If PT = 10, PR = 13 and RT = 9, find AP, TC
and RB.

22
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
 Gauge

Post-Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Select the best answer to
each item then write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

1. What theorem states that if a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to

the radius at the point of tangency?
A. Radius-Tangent B. Intersecting Chord
C. Perpendicular Chord D. Tangent-Secant

2. If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point, then which
of the following statements is true?
A. the radius is perpendicular to the chord
B. the two tangent segments are congruent
C. the two tangents are intersecting
D. the products of their segments are equal

3. What is the measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect
on the circle?
A. one-sixth the measure of its intercepted arc
B. one-fifth the measure of its intercepted arc
C. one-fourth the measure of its intercepted arc
D. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc

4. What is the measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside the
circle?
A. one-half the difference of the two intercepted arcs
B. one-third the difference of the two intercepted arcs
C. twice the difference of the two intercepted arcs
D. thrice the difference of the two intercepted arcs

5. How do you find the measure of an angle formed by secants intersecting inside
the circle?
A. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
B. twice the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc
C. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle pair
D. one-half the sum of the measures of the arc intercepted by the angle and its
intercepted arc

6. What theorem states that “If two chords intersect each other inside a circle, the
products of their segments are equal”?
A. Radius-Tangent B. Intersecting Chord
C. Perpendicular Chord D. Tangent-Secant

23
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
7. What do you call the line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in exactly two
points?
A. secant B. sector C. segment D. tangent

8. Which of the following terms refer to the region bounded by an arc and the chord
of the arc?
A. secant segment B. sector of a circle
C. segment of a circle D. tangent segment

9. A secant segment maybe divided into two parts. What do you call the part that is
outside the circle?
A. external secant segment B. internal secant segment
C. secant segment D. tangent segment

For number 10 to 12, refer to the figure below.

10. Which of the following is a tangent line?

A. ⃡𝐴𝐵 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 C. 𝐹𝐸 ⃡
D. 𝐵𝐹
11. Which of the following segments is an external secant segment?
̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑃𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝐷𝐹 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐵
12. Which of the following is a secant segment?
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐵 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐵

̅̅̅̅ in the figure at the right?

13. What is the length of 𝑍𝐾
A. 2.86 units B. 6 units C. 8 units D. 8.75 units

24
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
14. Find the value of 𝑥 in the figure below.
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

15. What is the value of 𝑥 in the figure below?

A. 11.4 B. 12.4 C. 22.4 D. 23.4

25
LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5
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LU_Q2_Mathematics10_Module5