Fit2Fit Companion

to HSE INDG 479

Guidance on Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
fit testing

Qualitative Method
February 2023 v3

HSE Statement
"In preparing the Fit2Fit RPE Fit Testers Accreditation Scheme, BSIF and other industry stakeholders have
worked closely with the experts in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Following this scheme is not
compulsory and employers are free to take other actions to comply with the law. But if you follow this
scheme you will be doing enough to demonstrate good practice.” 1
 Foreword

This guidance document has been produced by the British Safety Industry Federation (BSIF)
Fit2Fit competence scheme technical committee as a companion document to the Health and
Safety Executive (HSE) INDG 479 Guidance on respiratory protective equipment (RPE) fit
testing.

The purpose of this companion is to provide complementary practical guidance to the

requirements set out in HSE INDG 479 on conducting fit testing in the Qualitative method.
Practical guidance on quantitative methods: ambient particle counting and controlled
negative pressure are also available in this “Fit2Fit Companion” series.

In this document you will find the relevant HSE INDG 479 requirements referenced as H1,
H2, H3 and so on and beneath that the complementary Fit2Fit guidance on the practical
elements necessary to deliver effective fit testing, numbered F1, F2, F3 and so on.
Following this guidance is recommended to ensure the correct application of the fit test
method.

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (CoSHH) Approved Code of

Practice (ACoP) requires that fit testing is conducted by a competent person. The BSIF
Fit2Fit Accreditation scheme is designed to provide a means by which fit testers can
demonstrate their competence
.
A fit tester may not be deemed competent just by following this guidance alone. Experience
gained within the development of the scheme clearly demonstrates that to be a competent fit
tester both training and practical experience is required.

Fit testing is a vital element of an effective RPE programme and therefore this practical
guidance while, aimed at fit testers, is also useful for technical specialists such as
occupational hygienists and consultants.

Fit2Fit “How To” Companions can be found at www.fit2fit.org

2
 Contents

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Guidance for Employers
• Guidance for Fit Testers

 General
 Preparing the Wearer
 Preparing for a Qualitative Fit Test based on taste
 Conducting the Fit Test

• Annex 1 Fit test report

• Annex 2 Fit test exercises
• References

3
 Introduction
H1- This guide gives advice on fit testing for the employer and those conducting fit tests.
H2- This guide provides:
• information on fit test methods;
• information on what can be achieved from a fit test; and
• the core information to be included in a fit test report.

H3- Following this guidance is not compulsory and you are free to take other actions to comply with the
requirements of the law. But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply
with the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and may refer to this
guidance as illustration of good practice.

H4- HSE does not approve nor recommend any particular fit testing equipment. Any equipment included in
this guidance provides representative information.

H5- Further advice on the practical aspects of fit testing is provided by the British Safety Industry
Federation (BSIF); this can be found at www.fit2fit.org.

H6- Fit testing should be conducted by a competent person. Competence can be demonstrated by
accreditation under the Fit2Fit RPE Fit Test Providers Accreditation Scheme. This scheme has been
developed by the BSIF, together with industry stakeholders, and is supported by HSE. The scheme is
not compulsory and employers are free to take other action to comply with the law. Further details on
the scheme can be found at www.fit2fit.org.

H7- Where respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is used as a control measure under health and safety
legislation, it is vital that the selected RPE is both adequate and suitable. General advice on selection
of RPE is covered in the HSE guidance document Respiratory protective equipment at work: A
practical guide (HSG53).1

H8- To ensure that the selected RPE has the potential to provide adequate protection for individual
wearers, the Approved Codes of Practice (ACOPs) supporting the Control of Substances Hazardous
to Health Regulations (COSHH)2 the Control of Lead at Work Regulations,3 the Control of Asbestos
Regulations,4 the Confined Space Regulations5 and the Ionising Radiations Regulations6 stipulate that
tight-fitting RPE should be fit tested as part of the selection process.

H9- The performance of tight-fitting facepieces depends on achieving a good contact between the wearer’s
skin and the face seal of the facepiece. People’s faces vary significantly in shape and size so it is
unlikely that one particular model or size of RPE facepiece will fit everyone. Inadequate fit will
significantly reduce the protection provided to the wearer. Any reduction in protection may lead to
immediate or long-term ill health or can even put the RPE wearer’s life in danger.

H10- Fit testing is therefore a method for checking that a specific model and size of tight-fitting facepiece
matches the wearer’s facial features and seals adequately to the wearer’s face. It will also help to
identify unsuitable facepieces which should not be used.
H11- A pre-use wearer-seal check should be carried out each time a fit-tested facepiece is worn and before
entering the hazardous environment. This check is to determine whether the wearer has correctly
donned a facepiece before entering a contaminated work area. The RPE manufacturer will provide
instructions on how to carry it out. Note, however, that a pre-use wearer-seal check is not a substitute
for fit testing.
4
 Introduction

H12- Tight-fitting facepieces (often referred to as masks) rely on having a good seal with the wearer’s face.
These are available as both non-powered and powered respirators, and breathing apparatus (BA) with
either a half mask or a full-face mask.

Their performance, irrespective of whether they are non-powered (negative pressure), powered or
constant-flow airline BA relies heavily on the quality of fit of the facepiece to the wearer’s face. An
inadequate fit will significantly reduce the protection provided to the wearer.

H13- Examples of types of tight-fitting facepieces are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

Figure 1 Disposable half mask Figure 2 Reusable half mask Figure 3 Full-face mask

F1- Please note that the Qualitative method cannot be used for face fit testing of Full
Fit2Fit

Face masks. Full face masks can only be face fit tested using Quantitative methods,
(Ambient Particle Counting and or Controlled Negative Pressure).

5
 Guidance for
Employers

H14- This guidance assumes that you have chosen to use tight-fitting RPE as part of your control regime
following an appropriate risk assessment. It also assumes that you have considered the wider
aspects of RPE provision found on the HSE website at
http://www.hse.gov.uk/respiratory-protective-equipment/index.htm and in the guidance document
Respiratory protective equipment at work: A practical guide (HSG53).
H15- It is important to know that some pre-existing medical conditions (for example, breathing disorders
such as asthma; skin allergies; or even heart problems) may restrict or prevent some workers wearing
any RPE, or certain types of RPE. You will need to ensure that workers are fit to wear the selected
and required RPE. If you are unsure, you (the employer) should arrange for appropriate medical
assessment.

H16- Powered or constant-flow airline BA RPE with loose-fitting hoods or helmets do not require fit testing.
H17- Tight-fitting powered or constant-flow airline BA RPE under positive pressure still requires fit testing
as studies have shown that during heavy exertion, inward leakage is possible.

H18- A fit test should be carried out as part of the initial selection of the RPE.

H19- A fit test should be repeated whenever there is a change to the RPE type, size, model or material or
whenever there is a change to the circumstances of the wearer that could alter the fit of the RPE; for
example:
• weight loss or gain;
• substantial dental work;
• any facial changes (scars, moles, effects of ageing etc) around the face seal area;
• facial piercings;
• introduction or change in other head-worn personal protective equipment (PPE).

H20- As part of your RPE programme, it is good practice to have a system in place to review when a repeat
fit test may be required. For example, face shape will change through ageing alone.

F2- In support of the points above, Fit2Fit recommends that a suitable interval for
Fit2Fit Guidance

repeat fit testing is 2 years. In some situations, however, more frequent repeat fit
testing may be appropriate, particularly where RPE is being used as a primary or
sole means of control.

If there is a change in the make, model or size of RPE in use, a fit test is to be
conducted prior to its first use.

Good practice is to discuss repeat fit testing at the initial fit testing stage so that an
appropriate retest period can be entered into the fit test report.

6
 Guidance for
Employers
H21- There are two basic types of RPE fit testing – qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative fit testing (QLFT)
H22- Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) is a pass/fail test based on the wearer’s subjective assessment of any
leakage through the face seal region by detecting the introduction of bitter- or sweet-tasting aerosol as
a test agent. QLFT methods are suitable for disposable and reusable half masks; they are not suitable
for full-face masks. Although this type of test is based on subjective detection and response by the
wearer of the RPE, it is important that it is administered by a fit tester competent in using this method.

Quantitative fit testing (QNFT)

H23- Quantitative fit testing (QNFT) provides a numerical measure of how well a facepiece seals against a
wearer’s face; this is called a fit factor. These tests give an objective measure of face fit. QNFT
methods are suitable for disposable and reusable half masks and full face masks. Examples of QNFT
methods are:

ambient particle counting

controlled negative pressure (CNP)

F3-
Principles of operation: Qualitative

Qualitative Fit Testing (QLFT) requires the use of equipment specified in BS ISO 16975-3
Fit2Fit Guidance

and relies on a wearer’s taste response to a bitter or sweet tasting test solution to
determine whether or not a facepiece provides an adequate fit. If QLFT is carried out
correctly then any test solution detected by the wearer can be assumed to have come
from face seal leakage, indicating a poor fit.
A QLFT compromises two elements:
(i) the sensitivity test (no mask worn)
(j) The fit test (mask worn)
Both elements require the wearer to have a
clean palate prior to commencement.
The purpose of the sensitivity test is to
determine both:
 The wearer’s ability to taste the
sensitivity solution and…
Figure 4.Conducting a QLFT  The wearer’s level of sensitivity to the
solution.

7
 Guidance for
Employers
H24- The type of fit test method used depends on the type of RPE to be fit tested. Table 1 shows which fit
test methods are applicable.
Table 1 Fit test method selection
Fit testing method
RPE (type and mask) Quantitative (QNFT) Qualitative (QLFT)
Ambient particle Controlled Taste
counting negative
pressure a
Disposable Half mask Yes No Yes
respirator b

Reusable Half mask Yes Yes Yes

respirator Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
Powered Half mask Yes Yes Yes
respirator
Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
Constant Half mask Yes Yes Yes
flow airline
BA
Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
Fresh air Half mask Yes Yes Yes
hose BA
Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
Demand Half mask Yes Yes Yes
valve BA
Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
Escape BA Full-face Yes Yes No
mask
a
Any leakage through the exhalation valve has to be eliminated.
b
The ambient particle counting instrument may require additional functionality, such as the TSI N95 technology, to
eliminate penetration of ambient particles through the filter material for masks with assigned protection factors
(APFs) of 4 (FFP1) and 10 (FFP2).
APF is the workplace level of respiratory protection the facepiece is expected to provide, and is used when
selecting adequate RPE.

H25- If it is not possible for the wearer to obtain an adequate fit with the first choice of facepiece you should attempt fit
testing using an alternative make, model or size of tight-fitting facepiece. Where you cannot achieve an adequate
fit you should select another type of RPE that does not rely on a tight-fitting face seal, such as a loose-fitting
respirator hood or helmet.

H26- You should record the fit test by means of a report or certificate which should clearly state whether the result of
the fit test was a pass or fail. Annex 1 shows the content that you should provide in a fit test report.

H27- The fit test report should be available to the employee and accessible to others such as enforcement authorities.
Collective reports should be available to safety representatives. You should record RPE examinations and tests –
and, where appropriate, any repairs made – and retain them for at least five years.
H28- The employer is responsible for meeting the cost of fit testing.

8
 Guidance for
fit testers
General
H29- As a fit tester you have duties under Health and Safety at Work legislation because if you do not carry
out a fit test properly the wearer could be exposed to substances hazardous to health due to
facepiece leakage.
H30- RPE fit testing should be carried out by a competent person. A fit tester should have adequate
knowledge, and have received adequate instruction and training in the following areas:
• selection of adequate and suitable RPE;
• examination of RPE and the ability to identify poorly maintained facepieces;
• ability to correctly fit a facepiece and perform pre-use wearer-seal checks;
• ability to recognise a poorly fitting facepiece;
• awareness of external factors that may affect the fit of the facepiece or the fit test result;
• the purpose and applicability of fit testing;
• the differences between, and the appropriate use of, QNFT and QLFT methods;
• the purpose of the fit test exercises;
• preparation of facepieces for fit testing;
• how to carry out diagnostic checks on the facepiece and the fit test equipment;
• capabilities and limitations of the fit test equipment;
• how to perform a correct fit test with the chosen method;
• awareness and knowledge of how to prevent and correct problems during fit testing;
• interpretation of fit test results;
• an understanding of the differences between fit factor, workplace protection factor (WPF),*
assigned protection factor and nominal protection factor (NPF)**; and
• HSE ACOPs and guidance that deal with fit testing of RPE.
*WPF is the protection provided by the RPE when used and measured in the workplace and is the ratio between the
breathing zone concentration of the contaminant inside and outside of the facepiece. **NPF is the level of respiratory
protection the facepiece is expected to provide under laboratory conditions and is the pass/fail for the particular
European standard.
F4- Following the guidance outlined in this document will help you to gain competence
and comply with your duties as a fit tester. You can demonstrate competence in fit
Fit2Fit Guidance

testing by gaining Fit2Fit Accreditation in your chosen fit test method(s).

Fit2Fit Accreditation is achieved by passing both the theoretical and the practical
examinations set by the Fit2Fit scheme. It is an assessment of the individual and it is
the individual that achieves accredited status which is valid for up to three years.
Accreditation can only be awarded through the Fit2Fit Scheme operated by the BSIF.

The Fit2Fit Accreditation scheme covers qualitative fit testing (QLFT), ambient
particle counting (APC) and controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing methods.
Both APC and CNP methods are included under the heading of “quantitative fit
testing”. Fit testers can become accredited for any or all of these methods. The
Fit2Fit scheme competencies are based on those set out in INDG479.

Experience gained within the development of the Fit2Fit Accreditation scheme

clearly demonstrates that to be a competent fit tester, both appropriate training
and mentored practical experience is required.
9
 Guidance for
fit testers
H31- Facepieces used for fit testing can be one of the following:

• the wearer’s individually assigned facepiece;

• a test facepiece of the same type, class and size; or

• a surrogate facepiece with the same sealing surfaces, materials, head straps and
breathing resistance as the facepiece assigned to the wearer. You should confirm this
with the RPE manufacturer/supplier.

H32- Where facepieces are issued on an individual basis it is recommended that the wearer is fit
tested using their issued facepiece.

H33- Where this is not practicable use a test facepiece that exactly matches the wearer’s
facepiece.

H34- Fit test half and full-face masks as negative-pressure facepiece respirators by attaching a
P3 filter, or a combined filter that incorporates a P3 filter, directly to the facepiece. Where
practicable, the filter (or facepiece adapter) should be identical to, or similar to, the type of
filter normally used with the respirator, ie of similar breathing resistance and weight. You
will need to temporarily convert facepieces used with compressed-air-supplied BA and
power-assisted respirators to negative-pressure respirators. Alternatively you may use an
identical negative-pressure respirator facepiece with the same sealing surface (ie same
mould of face blank and material) if available.

F5- The mask being used for the fit test should be in good condition and it must be

Fit2Fit
equipped with particulate filters (or combination with particulate filters). When fit
testing a negative pressure half mask the filter(s) should be as close as possible to
the weight and dimensions of those used in the workplace.

H35- Facepieces are available in several different sizes and shapes. The wearer may obtain a
better fit (ie pass a fit test) by trying a respirator of a different size, model or make.

H36- The practice of multiple repeat fit tests with the aim of achieving a pass with a given
facepiece, ie force fitting, should not be carried out. If after two fit tests the result is still a
fail, an alternative facepiece should be tried.

H37- Visually examine the facepiece to be used for fit testing before carrying out a fit test. The
examination should include the condition of the facepiece, especially around the face seal
and facepiece connectors, the exhalation valve(s) and the head harness. You should
properly inspect test facepieces and maintain them in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.

H38- The fit tester should ensure that test facepieces are cleaned and disinfected before being
used by different individuals. Test facepieces that cannot be adequately disinfected (eg
disposable half masks) should not be used by more than one individual.

10
 Guidance for
fit testers

H39- The fit tester should ensure that the fit testing equipment is in good working order, properly set up and
checked or tested before conducting the fit test. Maintain and calibrate the fit test equipment in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

H40- Variation from the procedures and fit test equipment specified in this guidance may invalidate the fit
test results unless the procedures and equipment used have previously been validated. The criteria for
evaluating fit test methods given in BS ISO 16975-3 Annex C 7 are recommended.

F6-
Fit2Fit

Fit testing should be conducted in a safe and clean location which provides a degree
of privacy. Qualitative fit testing should be conducted in a well-ventilated room to
avoid a build-up of the fit test solution

H41- The following standards are recommended as suitable references:

• BS ISO 16975-3:2017, Respiratory protective devices – Selection, use and maintenance. Part 3:
Fit-testing procedures
• European Standards covering inward leakage testing: BS EN 136,8 BS EN 1409 and BS EN
149.10
Preparing the wearer
H42- The fit tester should explain to the wearer the purpose of the fit test, what they will have to do, and the
meaning of the fit test results.
H43- When you are conducting a qualitative fit test, you should advise wearers not to eat, drink (except still,
unflavoured water), smoke or chew gum for at least 30 minutes before the test.
H44- Do not conduct fit tests if there is any hair growth between the wearer’s skin and the facepiece sealing
surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard, moustache, sideburns or low hairline, which cross the
respirator sealing surface. You should ensure that any type of non-PPE apparel or adornment (eg
piercing) does not interfere with the fit of the facepiece.
H45- Inform wearers that they should be clean-shaven in the region of the face seal whenever they wear a
tight-fitting facepiece at work.

11
 Guidance for
fit testers
F7- Fit tests should not be conducted if there is any hair growth between the skin and
the mask sealing surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard, moustache,
sideburns or low hairline which crosses the respirator sealing surface.

Fit2Fit Guidance
This is also your opportunity to help wearers to understand the importance of
always being clean shaven in the region of the face seal not only for the fit test, but
every time that they are required to wear the mask in the workplace.

Research carried out by the HSE has demonstrated that protection could be
significantly reduced where stubble or facial hair was present in the seal area.11

Figure 5 Example showing the face seal region (area

underneath
the red line) that must be clean shaven for a half mask or
Filtering Face Piece (FFP)

For clarity the definition of “clean shaven” in this context means that the wearer’s
face should have been shaved (in the area of the face seal) within 8 hours of the
work shift commencing.12

H46- The fit tester should instruct the wearer in the test exercises appropriate to the fit test method used as
shown in Annex 2.

F8- Some wearers may be capable of wearing a respirator safely in the workplace, but
Fit2Fit
be unable to complete all the exercises within the fit test protocol due to an
underlying health issue. Under these circumstances, adaptations to the fit test
exercises may be made to better reflect the wearer’s range of movements. Any
adaptations should be recorded. For those with short-term conditions, the fit test
should be carried out after they have recovered.

H47- The fit tester should ascertain that the wearer is medically fit to wear RPE and seek confirmation
(preferably in writing) from the employer.
H48- The wearer should have received training in correct donning of the facepiece before the fit test. If you
are also providing RPE training, you should show the wearer how to put on a facepiece, position it on
the face, set the strap tension and determine an acceptable fit. A mirror should be available to assist
the wearer in evaluating the fit and positioning of the facepiece.
H49- The wearer should be able to don the facepiece in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, in
the manner in which they have been trained, and without assistance from the fit tester.

12
 Guidance for
Fit Testers
F9- The fit tester should closely observe the donning process to ensure that the mask has been donned correctly in
Fit2Fit
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and should closely inspect the fit for gaps etc. RPD comfort is
an important factor in wearer acceptance. Initial RPD wearers and anyone who changes the model or brand of
RPD shall wear the RPD for a comfort-assessment period of approximately five minutes immediately prior to the
fit test. If necessary, the person being fit tested may make adjustments to achieve a comfortable fit during this
period. The comfort-assessment period allows the RPD wearer time to determine if the RPD is truly comfortable
or not, and to make any necessary adjustments. Discomfort may become apparent only after the RPD. is worn
for a period of time. For example, over-tightened straps may not be noticed immediately. If the RPD wearer
finds the comfort of the RPD to be unacceptable at any time, they shall be given the opportunity to try another
RPD.

H50- If the wearer needs to use in-facepiece spectacles they should wear them during the fit test.
H51- Wearers should wear any other PPE that could potentially interfere with the fit of the facepiece during
the fit test. If they cannot wear the PPE properly without affecting the function of the RPE or vice versa,
choose alternative PPE.
F10- The details (make and model) of the other PPE such as eyewear or safety helmets or associated equipment
worn during the fit test should be recorded on the fit test report itself.

PPE worn during the fit test should not interfere with the detection of the test solution and it should not affect
Fit2Fit

the wearer’s ability to carry out the test exercises properly. For example, it would not be appropriate for a fit
test to be carried out with the person being fit tested wearing a face shield / visor.

The fit test should be conducted with the facepiece worn in the manner in which it is normally used in the
workplace. Not every individual may be able to obtain a satisfactory fit. For example certain facial
characteristics may interfere with the RPE fit, such as hollow temples, protruding cheek bones, deep skin
creases, scars, the absence of teeth or dentures, facial injury and swelling of the mouth and the face. Users of
tight-fitting facepieces who have dentures, should be fit tested: with dentures, if they would normally wear
them while wearing the RPE in the workplace; and conversely, without dentures if they would not normally
wear them while wearing the RPE in the workplace. Fit Testers should be aware that other factors such as make
up and cosmetics, facial jewellery and certain hair styles can also adversely affect the seal of RPE facepieces.

Preparing for a qualitative fit test based on taste

H64- The fit test exercises for the qualitative method are given in Table 3.

H65- To achieve a pass in a qualitative fit test the wearer must not taste the test agent at any time during any of the
test exercises.
H66- The test solution concentrations and the fit test equipment including hood size are specified in BS ISO 16975-3.
H67- Maintain and use all QLFT equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
H68- Before carrying out a qualitative fit test using a distinctive taste, establish the taste threshold of the wearer. This
screening test is carried out to check that the wearer can detect the taste of the test aerosol. This is often referred
to as a sensitivity test. If the wearer cannot detect the taste during the screening test, the fit test method cannot
be used and you should choose a different method.
Conduct the fit test as a continuous test, allowing sufficient time between the sensitivity test and the fit test for
H69-
the wearer to clear their palate. Should a fit tester not wish to continue directly from the sensitivity test to the fit
test for practical reasons, they should complete the fit test on the same day. The wearer should refrain from
smoking, eating or drinking (except for water) during the intervening period.
F11- It is good practice that the fit test itself follows the sensitivity test having allowed enough time for the wearer’s
Fit2Fit

palate to clear. Only fresh water should be consumed by the wearer between the sensitivity test and the fit test. The
sensitivity test may be completed on additional wearers prior to conducting the fit test on each wearer in turn. No
food or drink (except water) should be consumed by the wearers, who should also refrain from smoking, in the
intervening period between the two elements of their test (sensitivity and fit test).
13
 Guidance for
fit testers
F12- Should for practical reasons a fit tester not wish to continue on directly from the

Fit2Fit
sensitivity test to the fit test, the wearer should still refrain from smoking, eating or
drinking, except for water, during that period. Conducting the two parts of the QLFT
on separate days is therefore not acceptable.

F13- The sensitivity test must be carried out with the test hood in place on the wearer,
but with no mask worn. Using the nebuliser, the sensitivity solution is introduced
into the test hood worn by the wearer. The purpose of the hood is to contain the
atomised solution. The Fit Tester records the number of applications of solution
required for the wearer to taste the solution. If the wearer does not taste the
sensitivity solution after 30 squeezes the alternative taste solution or another fit test
method must be used. The fit test is conducted following the sensitivity test with the

Fit2Fit Guidance
wearer now having donned the mask. It is important that the wearer has a clean palate
prior to donning the mask. The wearer should then conduct a pre-use wearer seal
check. The fit test solution, which is a more concentrated version of the sensitivity
solution,
is administered as a series of applications into the test hood, worn by the wearer.
Based on the result of the sensitivity test (Table F1), the fit tester applies the correct
corresponding number of applications of the fit test solution. It is important that the
fit test solution used is of the same taste (bitter or sweet) as used for the sensitivity
test.

Table F1: Administration of Fit Test Solution based on the Result of the Sensitivity
Test
Number of applications Number of applications at Number of subsequent top up
in Sensitivity test start of Fit test applications every 30 seconds
during Fit Test
1-10 10 5

11-20 20 10

21-30 30 15

The wearer carries out the specified exercises (Annex 2 Table 3) while the Fit Tester
maintains the level of fit test solution throughout the test by administering top-up
applications (Table F1) above.

If the wearer tastes the test solution during the fit test, then the fit is deemed
inadequate and the fit test result is recorded as a FAIL.

In the event of a failed fit test a repeat test must incorporate the full fit test protocol
and will ALWAYS require a repeated sensitivity test, after the wearer’s palate has
cleared.

14
 Guidance for
Fit Testers
H70- The nebulisers used to generate the aerosol for the screening test may clog during use and stop deliver-
ing the test substance. Therefore the fit tester should make periodic checks of the nebulisers during the
test to ensure that it is not clogged. If clogging is found at the end of the test session, the test is invalid.
Regular cleaning of the nebulisers should help to prevent clogging.

F14- The fit tester should take steps to ensure that the correct solutions are used for the
sensitivity test and fit test. Nebulisers should be filled with an adequate volume of
solution following the manufacturer’s instructions and checked for function prior to,
and during use. HSE advise and recommend, in line with BS ISO 16975-3, that
Fit2Fit

approximately 3ml of fit testing solution be used. Further, HSE recommends that
unless equally effective hygiene measures can be demonstrated, the disposal of any
unused sensitivity and fit test solution and the cleaning of the nebuliser is required
between tests for different wearers.

During use both plugs on the each nebuliser must be removed and the nebuliser
held upright to ensure adequate aerosol generation. Because this method relies on
the wearer tasting the solution, it is very important that the fit tester instructs and
reminds the wearer to breathe through their mouth and keep their mouth open
during both the sensitivity test and the fit test itself.

Conducting the fit test – all methods

H71- Observe the wearer throughout the fit test to ensure that the correct test exercises are conducted.
Also watch for facial and head movements that may cause face seal leakage. If the wearer sneezes
or coughs during the fit test this can affect the fit test result and you may have to repeat the fit test.
H72-
You should also ensure the safety of the wearer – this is especially important if the wearer is walking

F15- When conducting a qualitative fit test walking on a treadmill or stepping is not
Fit2Fit

required. The fit test exercises should be explained and demonstrated (where
required) to the wearer and they should be asked to confirm that they are happy to
carry them out. If a permanent injury or medical condition prevents them from
carrying out a certain exercise the exercise regime may be modified to
accommodate their needs. A record should be kept and noted on the fit test report
of any modification to the exercises.

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 Guidance for
Fit Testers
H73- Inform the wearer of the fit test result; ie a pass or fail

F16- Following a PASS result, the “reveal test” is a vital step in competent fit testing. The
“reveal” should be conducted before removal of the mask. At the end of the fit test,
the fit tester will ask the wearer to reach inside the test hood and place a finger
between their face and the mask seal, and then to breathe in through their mouth.

Fit2Fit Guidance
If the test has been conducted correctly, the wearer should experience a strong
taste of the test solution. The ‘reveal’ will give the fit tester and the wearer,
confidence in the fit test result and will reinforce to the wearer the importance of
donning the mask correctly . If the wearer does not experience a strong taste at this
point this could indicate a problem with the application of the test method, such as
the nebuliser being blocked and the validity of the result needs to be questioned.

The fit test needs then be repeated in full, to include a repeated sensitivity test
having allowed sufficient time for the wearer’s palate to clear. The “reveal” is an
important element of fit testing with the qualitative method and its utilisation will
help mitigate against false passes.

Following a FAIL result, the fit tester should check the fit of the mask on the
wearer’s face before removing it, inspect the mask and filter for any faults not
found at the initial inspection and check the fit test equipment before attempting to
retest.

Incorrect donning of the mask is one of the most commonly encountered reasons for
fit test failures. It is essential that wearers are adequately trained in how to
correctly put on the mask and conduct a wearer seal check, before a fit test is
carried out.

H74- If a poor fit is likely to be caused by inadequate training, the wearer’s employer should be
informed.

F17- As part of the post fit test debriefing, the wearer should be reminded that the fit
Fit2Fit

test result is only valid for the specific make, model and size of mask which they
wore during the fit test. This is also an appropriate time to discuss circumstances
which may call for repeat face fit testing. The fit tester should also remind the
wearer that facial hair will reduce the effectiveness of the face seal and that the
wearer should be clean shaven in the area of the face seal every time they wear the
mask.

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 Annex 1

H75- Fit test report

A record of the fit test shall be produced. The fit test report should clearly identify the follow-
ing (where applicable):
a. the name of person fit tested;
b. the make, model, material and size of the facepiece;
c. the type of filters fitted to the facepiece during the fit test;
d. the presence or absence of in-facepiece spectacles;
e. the make and model of any PPE and/or RPE accessory worn during the fit test;
f. whether the facepiece used was the subject’s issued facepiece, a company pool facepiece or a
test facepiece;
g. the test exercises performed during the fit test;
h. the fit test method employed; ie ambient particle counting device, CNP or qualitative taste test
agents;
i. for quantitative tests, the measured fit factor for each individual test exercise and the overall fit
factor;
j. the pass level used in the test;
k. the result of the fit test in terms of a pass or fail;
l. the date of the test; and
m. the details of the person who performed the test, name of firm, address etc.

The fit test report should also record, where appropriate:

n. the condition of the wearer’s own facepiece;

o. whether the wearer required assistance donning and carrying out a wearer seal check before the fit test;
p. how many repeat tests were needed to obtain a pass and the reasons why; and
q. the serial number or other means of identifying the equipment employed in the fit test.

F18- Copies of fit test reports should be provided to the employer and a copy retained by
the fit tester. Good practice is that fit test reports should include the recommended
date of the next test.
Fit2Fit
Where fit test data is required by the customer in electronic format only, the data
should still include the content as listed above.

Fit test data and reports may contain some personal information which will be
subject to data protection regulations.

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 Annex 2

Fit test exercises

H76- For QLFT and quantitative ambient particle counting methods, the fit test protocol should include a
minimum of seven exercises; each test exercise should be performed for at least one minute.
F19-
For the qualitative method, the start of the seven, one minute exercises should
Fit2Fit

commence immediately after the initial amount of solution has been administered
into the hood. The timings should run continuously throughout the test and hence
the total test time should be seven minutes. Top up applications should be
administered every thirty seconds (see Table F1). The test protocol should comprise
the seven test exercises in Table 3, below.

H76- Table 3 Fit test exercises for qualitative methods and quantitative ambient particle counting methods

Exercise Description
(i) Normal breathing The wearer should breathe normally with no head movements
or talking.
(ii) Deep breathing The wearer should breathe slowly and deeply, taking care not
to hyperventilate.
(iii) Turning head side to side The wearer should slowly turn their head from side to side
between the extreme positions on each side (approximately
15–20 times per minute). The head shall be held at each ex-
treme momentarily, so the wearer can inhale at each side.
(iv) Moving head up and down The wearer should slowly move their head up and down
(approximately 15–20 times per minute). The wearer should
be instructed to inhale in the up position (ie when looking to-
ward the ceiling).
(v) Talking The wearer should talk slowly and loudly enough to be heard
clearly by the fit tester. The wearer should read from a stand-
ard reading passage or count down from 100.
(vi) Bending over From a normal standing position, the wearer should bend at
the waist as if to touch their toes and then return to an upright
position. Repeat approximately 10–15 times throughout the
duration of the exercise.
(vii) Normal breathing Same as exercise (i).

H76- During QLFT the fit test exercises should be performed with the wearer standing.
F20- The use of the “Rainbow Passage” below is the preferred standard reading passage
to be used in the talking exercise. ‘When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air,
Fit2Fit

they act like a prism and form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light
into many beautiful colours. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path
high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to
legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever finds it. When
a man looks for something beyond his reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot
of gold at the end of the rainbow’

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References

REFERENCES

1. The selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment – A practical guide HSG53 HSE 2013
www.hse.gov.uk/pUbns/priced/hsg53.pdf
2. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended). Approved Code of Practice and
guidance L5 (Sixth edition) HSE 2013 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l5.pdf
3. The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 – Approved Code of Practice and guidance L132 (Third edition) HSE
2002 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l132.pdf
4. Managing and working with asbestos. Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012. Approved Code of Practice and
guidance L143 (Second edition) HSE 2013 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l143.htm
5. Safe work in confined spaces. Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 Approved Code of Practice, Regulations and
guidance L101 (Third edition) HSE 2014 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l101.htm
6. Work with ionising radiation. Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017. Approved Code of Practice and guidance L121
(Second edition) HSE 2018 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l121.htm
7. BS ISO 16975-3:2017 Respiratory protective devices – Selection, use and maintenance. Part 3: Fit-testing
procedures British Standards Institution
8. BS EN 136:1998 Respiratory protective devices: Full face facepiece – Requirements, testing, markings British
Standards Institution
9. BS EN 140:1998 Respiratory protective devices: Half facepieces and quarter facepieces – Requirements, testing,
markings. British Standards Institution
10. BS EN 149:2001 + A1:2009 Respiratory protective devices – Filtering half masks to protect against particles –
Requirements, testing, marking. British Standards Institution
11. The effect of wearer stubble on the protection given by Filtering Facepieces Class 3 FFP 3 and Half Masks: Frost
Harding et al 2015
12. BS EN 529 European Standard: Respiratory Protective Devices – recommendation for selection, use and
maintenance – guidance document BS EN 529: 2005

Pictures used in this document are the property of HSE and reproduced with their kind permission.

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