INTRODUCTION TO THE

INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 1
 INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
vs
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

• ICT stands for "Information and Communication

Technology."
• ICT refers to technologies that provide access to
information through telecommunications. It is
similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses
primarily on communication technologies. This
includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones,
and other communication mediums.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• IT for "Information Technology"
• It refers to anything related to computing technology,
such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or
the people that work with these technologies
(peopleware). IT jobs include computer programming,
network administration, computer engineering, Web
development, technical support, and many other related
occupations. Since we live in the "information age,"
information technology has become a part of our
everyday lives.
Evolution of ICT

There are 4 stages to our current form of ICT

1. Premechanical
2. Mechanical
3. Electromechanical
4. Electronic
PREMECHANICAL (3000B.C. AND 1450A.D. )
• The Premechanical age of technology is the earliest known form of
ICT. But this is when humans first started communicating and
try to do this in a number of ways including trying to use
language or simple symbols and picture known as Petroglyph
which were usually carved into rock.
• Also during this period were the first numbering systems. Around
100A.D. was when the first 1-9 system was created by people from
India. However, it wasn’t until 875A.D. (775 years later) that the
number 0 was invented. When that numbers were created, people
wanted stuff to do with them so they created calculators. A
calculator was the very first sign of an information processor.
The popular model of that time was the abacus.
• MECHANICAL (1450 AND 1840)
The mechanical age is when we first start to see connections
between our current technology and its ancestors. There was a
huge explosion of interest in this era, resulting in more technologies
being developed. Technologies like the slide rule (Which was an
analog computer used for multiplying and dividing) were invented.
Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline which was a very popular
mechanical computer.
• Electromechanical (1840 and 1940)
This period, some technologies resemble our current technology.
These are the beginnings of telecommunication. The telegraph was
created in the early 1800s. Morse code was created by Samuel
Morse in 1835. The telephone (one of the most popular forms of
communication ever) was created by Alexander Graham Bell in
1876. The first radio developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894.
• Electromechanical (1840 and 1940) con’t
All of these were extremely crucial emerging technologies that led
to big advances in the information technology field. The first large-
scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark
1 created by Harvard University around 1940. This computer was
8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons - HUGE. It was
programmed using punch cards.
There are 4 main sections of digital computing.
1. The first was the era of vacuum tubes and punch cards like the
ENIAC and Mark 1. Rotating magnetic drums were used for
internal storage.
2. The second generation replaced vacuum tubes with transistors,
punch cards were replaced with magnetic tape, and rotating
magnetic drums were replaced by magnetic cores for internal
storage. Also during this time high-level programming
languages were created such as FORTRAN and COBOL.
3. The third generation replaced transistors with integrated
circuits, magnetic tape was used throughout all computers, and
magnetic core turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An
actual operating system showed up around this time along
with the advanced programming language BASIC.
4. The fourth and latest generation brought in CPUs (central
processing units) which contained memory, logic, and control
circuits all on a single chip. The personal computer was developed
(Apple II). The graphical user interface (GUI) was developed.
New Era Computer/Fifth Generation
• After the fifth generation computer, the technology of
computer has become more advanced, modern and
sophisticated. The latest invention in the era of
computers are
‒ Super Computers
‒ Mainframe Computers
‒ Mini Computers
‒ Personal Computers
‒ Mobile Computers
‒ Wearable Computers
Usage of ICT in Daily Life

• There are many computers makes use of in one-of-a-

kind fields of work.
‒ Engineers, architects, jewelers, and filmmakers all
use computer systems to layout things.
‒ Teachers, writers, and most workplace people use
computer systems for research, word processing and
emailing.
‒ Small organizations can use computer systems as a
point of sale and for file keeping.
Usage/Practical Application of ICT in Daily Life

• Home • Banking
• Medical Field • Business
• Entertainment • Training
• Industry • Arts
• Education • Science and Engineering
• Government
Computer Aid at Education

• Computers have its dominant use in education field

that may drastically boost overall performance in
learning.
• Even distance learning is made effective and powerful
through internet and video classes.
• Researchers have big utilization of those computer
systems of their work from the beginning to until the
end of their scholarly work.
Computer in our Health and Medicine

• Most of the clinical information can now be digitized

from the prescription to reports. Computers in the
world of medicine permits us to offer various amazing
treatments to the patients. ECG’s, radiotherapy
wasn’t feasible without computers.
Aid of Computers at Financial Institutions

• We recognize that computer are being applied by the

financial institutions like banks for various purposes.
The most essential action is to store data about
various account holders in a database to be
accessible at any time. Keeping the records of the
cash flow, giving the data concerning your account.
Computers for our Pass Time

• Computers are actually the primary entertainers and

the number one pass time machines. We can use
computer systems for gambling games, watching
movies, paying attention to music, drawing pictures.
Computers are a part of our Transport System

• With internet on computers we will see the info of

the buses or trains or the flight accessible to our
favored destination. The timings or even the updates
on the interruption can also best-known via
computer. We can book our tickets via online. Staff of
the transport system will hold a track of the
passengers, trains or flight info, departure and arrival
timings via computer systems.
Inevitable use of Computers in Business and Corporate
Stages

• Every individual information shared might also

additionally be recorded with the useful resource of
using computer. Official transaction and the troubles
had been made even via online. We use e-mail system
to deal the information. It has extensive purpose in
marketing, inventory exchanges and bank. Even the
departmental outlet can’t run efficaciously without
computer.
Wonders of Computer in E-Commerce

• Electronic shopping through online buying increase

advantage to purchaser and merchants. Electronic
banking is now at your hand wherein each financial
institution has online operation for transaction of
financial issues. You can well transfer your cash
everywhere and anywhere even from your home.
Computer at our Defense

• Computers are the primary way which assist in developing

missiles and different equipment inside the deference
system. Designing and the support are feasible best
through computers. Computer builds the links among the
soldiers and commanders via satellite. Construction of
weapons and controlling their feature isn't always
manageable without the resource of computers. The
listing of the criminals and the information of the cops are
maintained frequently within the system.
Wonders in today’s designers

• Computer resource in designing buildings, magazines,

prints, newspapers, books and others. The creation
layouts are designed attractively on system the use
of various tools and softwares.
Question:
In what use/application of computers
you appreciate most? Why?
Current Trends and Emerging Technologies
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
• 5G Technology
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
• Quantum Computing
• Robotics and Automation
• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)

• AI is a broad and overarching field that aims to create

machines or systems that can simulate human intelligence
and perform tasks like problem-solving, reasoning,
understanding natural language, and learning from
experience.
• Machine Learning is a subset of AI that focuses on the
development of algorithms and models that allow
computers to learn from data and make predictions or
decisions without being explicitly programmed for each task.
5G Technology

• 5G technology refers to the fifth generation of wireless

communication technology for mobile networks. It
represents a significant leap forward from the previous
generation (4G or LTE) in terms of speed, capacity, latency,
and overall capabilities.
Internet of Things (IoT)

• The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnectedness

of everyday physical objects or "things" through the internet.
Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

• Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that records

transactions across multiple computers or nodes in a way that
is secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant. Each transaction
is added to a "block," which is linked to the previous one,
forming a chain of blocks, hence the name "blockchain.“
• Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that
uses cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies
issued by governments (e.g., the US dollar or Euro),
cryptocurrencies operate independently of any central
authority.
Quantum Computing

• Quantum computing is a revolutionary paradigm of

computing that leverages the principles of quantum
mechanics to perform computations in ways that are
fundamentally different from classical computing.
Robotics and Automation

• Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the

design, construction, operation, and use of robots.
• Automation refers to the use of technology and machines to
perform tasks or processes with minimal human intervention.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)

• AR refers to technology that overlays digital information (such

as images, videos, or 3D models) onto the real world,
enhancing our perception of it. AR combines elements of the
physical and virtual worlds.
• VR creates a completely immersive, computer-generated
environment that isolates the user from the physical world.
Users typically wear VR headsets that cover their eyes and
ears to transport them to a virtual realm.
Other trends and emerging technologies

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Renewable Energy and Sustainability
Biotechnology and Genomics
Healthcare Innovations
Environmental Technologies
Remote Work and Collaboration Tools
Space Exploration
Electric and Autonomous Vehicles
Neurotechnology