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IUB Guidelines For Thesis Writing - 19

Chapter 4 outlines the presentation of research results, emphasizing clarity and conciseness while avoiding redundancy in data representation. It provides guidelines for incorporating tables and figures, including formatting requirements and citation protocols. The chapter also stresses the importance of separating results from methodology and offers instructions for statistical representation and interpretation.

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13 views1 page

IUB Guidelines For Thesis Writing - 19

Chapter 4 outlines the presentation of research results, emphasizing clarity and conciseness while avoiding redundancy in data representation. It provides guidelines for incorporating tables and figures, including formatting requirements and citation protocols. The chapter also stresses the importance of separating results from methodology and offers instructions for statistical representation and interpretation.

Uploaded by

Tahir Durani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Results
4.1 Instructions
The chapter may be kept separate from the chapter of ‘Discussion’. However, it may be
merged with Discussion as per the need of the subject/research. Results may be given in
the form of text, tables or/and figures. However, redundancy may be avoided. If a parameter
or a set of parameters has been presented in tabulated form, then there is no need to give it in
a figurative form.
Results should be written in a clear, concise and logical way. Statistical representations may
be incorporated wherever needed. For example, a ‘statistical difference’ may immediately be
followed by the level of significance in parenthesis as (P≤0.05). Statistical and non-statistical
results must be elaborated in detail. In addition, if needed, the interpretations may also be
incorporated.
Care must be given that the chapter may not contain any sentence pertaining to the chapter of
‘Methodology’. This chapter may be merged with the Discussion chapter as per the need of
the subject/research are.
4.2 Incorporation of Tables
All the tables must be numbered as per their respective chapters, e.g. Table 4.1., 4.2. etc and
must be appropriately cited in the text. Table number (e.g. 4.2) must be given in bold and in
one line, and its title in another, justified on the left. An appropriate caption (title-cased) may
be given above the table which must be TNR 11, left aligned, unbold and single-spaced in case
of more than one line. Please see the Table ahead for details (Table 4.1.). All the column
headings must be bold and centered. However, the body of the table will be in regular font,
centered. The appropriate footnote must be given below the Table, if need be. It must be in
TNR 10, regular, left aligned. The abbreviations/acronyms in the Table, if any, must be
mentioned in full in the footnote below the Table.
4.3 Incorporation of Figures
All the figures must be numbered as per their respective chapters, e.g. Figure 4.1., 4.2. etc. and
must be appropriately cited in the text. Figure number (e.g. 4.7) must be given in bold and in
one line, and its title in another, justified on the left. An appropriate caption/legend (title-cased)
may be given below the figure which must be TNR 11, left aligned, unbold and single-spaced
in case of more than one line. Please see the Figure ahead for details (Figure 4.1.). If the figures
are needed to be incorporated in other chapters (apart from results), and they have been taken
from some external source then an appropriate source in the form of reference citation may be
provided as per the example given in Figure 4.2.
All the figures must be scientifically devised, giving a statistical representation where ever
necessary. Error bars etc if applicable, may be explained along with the figure caption/legend.

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