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WRE-notes runoff estimate

The document outlines methods for estimating runoff, including the Rational Method and the Soil Conservation Service Method, providing formulas for calculating design discharge, peak flow, and time of concentration. It details factors affecting runoff coefficients and includes guidelines for adjusting calculations based on land use and moisture conditions. Additionally, it describes travel time calculations for different flow types and provides conversion factors for various units.

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Anjo
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9 views3 pages

WRE-notes runoff estimate

The document outlines methods for estimating runoff, including the Rational Method and the Soil Conservation Service Method, providing formulas for calculating design discharge, peak flow, and time of concentration. It details factors affecting runoff coefficients and includes guidelines for adjusting calculations based on land use and moisture conditions. Additionally, it describes travel time calculations for different flow types and provides conversion factors for various units.

Uploaded by

Anjo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RUNOFF ESTIMATES 0.

0078 L
0.77
0.0195 L
0.77
t c= 0.385
(English) ct = 0.385
 Rational Method S S
CiA (SI)
Formula: Q=CiA (English¿ Q= (SI) where: tc = time of concentration (min)
3.6 L = length of channel/ditch from headwater to outlet (m, ft)
where: Q = design discharge or peak flow (cms, cfs) S = average channel slope (m/m, ft/ft)
C = runoff coefficient to reflect the ratio of rainfall to surface runoff See table for other formula.
i = design rainfall intensity (mm/h, in/h)
A = watershed drainage area (sq.km, acres)
For C, see table at the end (if not given)
a  Soil Conservation Service Method or SCS-CN Method (NRCS-CN Method)
For i, Type 1: i= short duration (10min – 1h)
( c +t )
b
( P−0.2 S ) 2
Formula: Pe = For P > 0.2S
a P+0.8 S
Type 2: i= long duration (1h – a day) where: Pe = direct surface runoff depth (mm, in)
( c +t )b P = total rainfall (mm, in)
where: i = design rainfall intensity (mm/h) S = potential maximum retention (mm, in)
t = rainfall duration (min) Ia = initial abstractions (mm, in) = 0.2S > P (no runoff)
a, b, c = constants derived from curve fittings
For time of concentration
100 1000
t c =t i +t f For S, S=254( −1) (SI) S= −1 0 (English)
where: ti = inlet time
CN CN
where: CN = curve number 100 - 0
tf = flow time
S = potential maximum retention (mm, in) 0 – infinity
For ti,
Factors affecting CN
t i=30 min A > 2 sq.km o Land Use

t i=30 √ 50 A min A < 2 sq.km o Hydrological Soil Group


 A – high infiltration rates, low runoff potential
For tf, using Kraven’s Formula  B – moderate infiltration rates, moderately low
runoff potential
 C – low infiltration rates, moderately high runoff
potential
For time of concentration using Kirpich Equation
 D – very low infiltration rates, high runoff potential
o Antecedent Moisture Condition Pond and Swamp Adjustment Factor (if pond and swamp areas are
 AMC I – dry spread throughout the watershed and are not considered in tc computation,
 AMC II – usually used for annual flood estimates an adjustment is needed).
 AMC III – saturated

Conversion of AMC II
CN II For time of concentration tc, (summing all travel times)
AMC I, CN I =
2.281−0.01281 CN II T =T +T +T
c s sc o
where: tc = time of concentration (hours)
CN II
AMC III, CN = ts = travel time for sheet flow (hours)
III
0.427+0.0 0573 CN II tsc = travel time for shallow concentrated flow (hours)
to = travel time for open channel flow (hours)

 TR – 55 Method or Graphical Peak-Discharge Method L


Q p=qu A P e F p
For travel time tt, T t=
Formula: 3600 V
Where: Qp = peak discharge (cfs) where: Tt = travel time (hours)
qu = unit peak discharge (cfs/sq.mi/in) L = flow length (ft)
A = drainage area (sq.mi) V = average flow velocity (ft/s)
Pe = runoff (in) = (P-0.2S)/P+0.8S 3600 = conversion factor from seconds to hours
Fp = pond and swamp adjustment factor For travel time for sheet flow ts,
Input requirements: 0.8
tc - hours 0.007 ( nL )
Drainage area – sq. mi
T s= 0.5 0.4
24 – hour rainfall distribution ( P2 ) S
CN value where: Ts = travel time for sheet flow (hours)
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
L = sheet flow length (ft)
P2 = 2-year, 24-h rainfall (in) Conversion Factor
S = slope of land surface (ft/ft) 3 3
m ft
For travel time for shallow concentrated flow, max. of 300 ft of sheet flow
1 2
=232.3204 2
L s−k m −cm s−mi −¿
T sc =
3600 V
0.5
V =16.13 S Unpaved
0.5
V =20.33 S Paved
where: Tsc = travel time (hours)
V = average velocity (ft/s)
S = slope of watercourse slope (ft/ft)
For travel time for open channel flow,
L
T o=
3600 V
2 1
3 2
1.49 R S
V=
n
where: To = travel time (hours)
V = average velocity (ft/s)
R = hydraulic radius (ft)
S = slope of land surface (ft/ft)
n = manning’s roughness coefficient for OC flow
For unit peak discharge qu,
2
log q u=C o +C1 log T c +C 2 (log T c ) −2.366

( )
3
where: qu = unit peak discharge
m
2
s−k m −cm
Tc = time of concentration (hr) (minimum, 0.1h; maximum, 10h)
Co, C1, and C2 = coefficients from table f-1
Note if Ia/P < 0.1 use the coefficient of 0.1 if Ia/P > 0.5 use coefficient of 0.5

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