S. No. 1255 H. No. 6216 / 95 OG No. 39, 6831 (Sept.

27, 1999) ; Manila Standard 7/2/99 ;

Malaya 7/2/99

[ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749, June 23, 1999 ]

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

CHAPTER I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE ONE BASIC AIR QUALITY POLICIES

SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999."

SEC. 2. Declaration of Principles. - The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature.

The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable
development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to
deal with environmental problems.

The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is
primarily area-based.

The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay."

Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all
and should therefore be the concern of all.

SEC. 3. Declaration of Policies. - The State shall pursue a policy of balancing

development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the framework for
sustainable development shall be pursued. It shall be the policy of the State to:

a. Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be

implemented by the government through proper delegation and effective
coordination of functions and activities;
b. Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries through
the application of market-based instruments;
c. Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a
comprehensive management program for air pollution;
d. Promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of
an informed and active public in air quality planning and monitoring; and
e. Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term
adverse environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include
the setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and
environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages.

SEC. 4. Recognition of Rights. - Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following

rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to
guarantee their enjoyment:

a. The right to breathe clean air;

b. The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources according to the principle of
sustainable development;
c. The right to participate in the formulation, planning, implementation and
monitoring of environmental policies and
programs and in the decision-making process;
d. The right to participate in the decision-making process concerning development
policies, plans and programs, projects or activities that may have adverse impact
on the environment and public health;
e. The right to be informed of the nature and extent of the potential hazard of any
activity, undertaking or project and to be served timely notice of any significant
rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or deliberate release into the
atmosphere of harmful or hazardous substances;
f. The right of access to public records which a citizen may need to exercise his or
her rights effectively under this Act;
 g. The right to bring action in court or quasi-judicial bodies to enjoin all activities in
violation of environmental laws and regulations, to compel the rehabilitation and
cleanup of affected area, and to seek the imposition of penal sanctions against
violators of environmental laws; and
h. The right to bring action in court for compensation of personal damages resulting
from the adverse environmental and public health impact of a project or activity.

ARTICLE TWO

DEFINITION OF TERMS

SEC. 5. Definitions. - As used in this Act:

a. "Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen,
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or
normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which
includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of
any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radio-active substances;
b. "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous
or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of
the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare
or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes;
c. "Ambient air quality guideline values" mean the concentration of air over
specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to
serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare.
These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as
determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of
the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking positive action in
preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution;
d. "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a broad
area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from
discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution;
e. "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or
importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the
requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations;
f. "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;
g. "Eco-profile" means the geographic-based instrument for planners and decision-
makers which present an evaluation of the environmental quality and carrying
capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary and secondary
data and information on natural resources and anthropogenic activities on the
land which are evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and
forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type of
development control necessary in the planning area;
h. "Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound
from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere;
i. "Greenhouse gases" mean those gases that can potentially or can reasonably be
expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, methane,
oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons, and the like;
j. "Hazardous substances" mean those substances which present either: (1) short-
term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin
absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire
explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogenicity
(which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period),
resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to
pollute underground or surface waters;
k. "Infectious waste" means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an
infectious disease;
l. "Medical waste" means the materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis,
treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals;
m. "Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of
carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the
conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or goods;
n. "Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or by
any means other than human or animal power, constructed and operated
principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or
goods in a public highway or street open to public use;
o. "Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities
within a specific locality;
p. "New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has
never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or
authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state or
country;
q. "Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index (AKI)" means the rating of the anti-knock
characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined by
dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus the
Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with respect to
 automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof, whether
imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the
minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer
recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial
portion of such class, without knocking;
r. "Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" mean those substances that significantly
deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in
adverse effects on human health and the environment such as, but not limited
to, chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and the like;
s. "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" mean the organic compounds that persist
in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of
causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These compounds
resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall include but not
be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine
pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere
and chlordane;
t. "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emissions and fumes which are beyond
internationally-accepted standards, including but not limited to World Health
Organization (WHO) guideline values;
u. "Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent,
control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution
sources at levels within the air pollution control standards established by the
Department;
v. "Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production
processes, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or
reduce emissions or effluent;
w. "Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which
reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of
the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving
such reduction and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and
energy requirement which the Department determines, and adequately
demonstrates; and
x. "Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or
installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant.

CHAPTER2

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ARTICLE ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 6. Air Quality Monitoring and Information Network. - The Department shall prepare
an annual National Air Quality Status Report which shall be used as the basis in
formulating the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework, as provided for in
Section 7. The said report shall include, but shall not be limited to the following:

a. Extent of pollution in the country, per type of pollutant and per type of source,
based on reports of the Department's monitoring stations; Analysis and
evaluation of the current state, trends and projections of air pollution at the
various levels provided herein;
b. Identification of critical areas, activities, or projects which will need closer
monitoring or regulation;
c. Recommendations for necessary executive and legislative action; and
d. Other pertinent qualitative and quantitative information concerning the extent of
air pollution and the air quality performance rating of industries in the country.

The Department, in cooperation with the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB),
shall design and develop an information network for data storage, retrieval and
exchange.

The Department shall serve as the central depository of all data and information related
to air quality.

SEC. 7. Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework. - The Department shall, within
six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, establish, with the participation of LGUs,
NGOs, POs, the academe and other concerned entities from the private sector,
formulate and implement the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework for a
comprehensive air pollution management and control program. The framework shall,
among others, prescribe the emission reduction goals using permissible standards,
control strategies and control measures to be undertaken within a specified time
period, including cost-effective use of economic incentives, management strategies,
collective action, and environmental education and information.

The Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework shall be adopted as the official
blueprint with which all government agencies must comply with to attain and maintain
ambient air quality standards.

SEC. 8. Air Quality Control Action Plan. - Within six (6) months after the formulation of
the framework, the Department shall, with public participation, formulate and
implement an air quality control action plan consistent with Section 7 of this Act. The
action plan shall:

a. Include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means or

techniques, as well as schedules and time tables for compliance, as may be
necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable requirements of this Act;
b. Provide for the establishment and operation of appropriate devices, methods,
systems and procedures necessary to monitor, compile and analyze data on
ambient air quality;
c. Include a program to provide for the following: (1) enforcement of the measures
described in subparagraph (a); (2) regulation of the modification and construction
of any stationary source within the areas covered by the plan, in accordance with
land use policy to ensure that ambient air quality standards are achieved;
d. Contain adequate provisions, consistent with the provisions of this Act,
prohibiting any source or other types of emissions activity within the country
from emitting any air pollutant in amounts which will significantly contribute to
the non-attainment or will interfere with the maintenance by the Department of
any such ambient air quality standard required to be included in the
implementation plan to prevent significant deterioration of air quality or to
protect visibility;
e. Include control strategies and control measures to be undertaken within a
specified time period, including cost effective use of economic incentives,
management strategies, collection action, and environmental education and
information;
f. Designate airsheds; and
g. All other measures necessary for the effective control and abatement of air
pollution.

The adoption of the plan shall clarify the legal effects on the financial, manpower and
budgetary resources of the affected government agencies, and on the alignment of their
programs with the plans.

In addition to direct regulations, the plan shall be characterized by a participatory

approach to the pollution problem. The involvement of private entities in the
monitoring and testing of emissions from mobile and/or stationary sources shall be
considered.

Likewise, the LGUs, with the assistance from the Department, shall prepare and develop
an action plan consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework to
attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards within their respective airsheds as
provided in Section 9 hereof.

The local government units shall develop and submit to the Department a procedure for
carrying out the action plan for their jurisdiction. The Department, however, shall
maintain its authority to independently inspect the enforcement procedure adopted.
The Department shall have the power to closely supervise all or parts of the air quality
action plan until such time the local government unit concerned can assume the
function to enforce the standards set by the Department.

A multi-sectoral monitoring team with broad public representation shall be convened by

the Department for each LGU to conduct periodic inspections of air pollution sources to
assess compliance with the emission limitations contained in their permits.

SEC. 9. Airsheds. - Pursuant to Section 8 of this Act, the designation of airsheds shall be
on the basis of, but not limited to areas with similar climate, meteorology and topology
which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas
which share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or
problems.

For a more effective air quality management, a system of planning and coordination
shall be established and a common action plan shall be formulated for each airshed.

To effectively carry out the formulated action plans, a Governing Board is hereby
created, hereinafter referred to as the Board.

The Board shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources as chairman. The members shall be as follows:

a. Provincial Governors from areas belonging to the airshed;

b. City/Municipal Mayors from areas belonging to the airshed;
c. A representative from each concerned government agency;
d. Representatives from people's organizations;
e. Representatives from nongovernment organizations; and
f. Representatives from the private sector.
g. The Board shall perform the following functions:
h. Formulation of policies;
i. Preparation of a common action plan;
 j. Coordination of functions among its members; and
k. Submission and publication of an annual Air Quality Status Report for each
airshed.

Upon consultation with appropriate local government authorities, the Department shall,
from time to time, revise the designation of airsheds utilizing eco-profiling techniques
and undertaking scientific studies.

Emissions trading may be allowed among pollution sources within an airshed.

SEC. 10. Management of Nonattainment Areas. - The Department shall designate areas
where specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards as nonattainment
areas. The Department shall prepare and implement a program that will prohibit new
sources of exceeded air pollutant without a corresponding reduction in existing sources.

In coordination with other appropriate government agencies, the LGUs shall prepare
and implement a program and other measures including relocation, whenever
necessary, to protect the health and welfare of residents in the area.

For those designated as nonattainment areas, the Department, after consultation with
local government authorities, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), people's
organizations (POs) and concerned sectors may revise the designation of such areas and
expand its coverage to cover larger areas depending on the condition of the areas.

SEC. 11. Air Quality Control Techniques. - Simultaneous with the issuance of the
guideline values and standards, the Department, through the research and development
program contained in this Act and upon consultation with the appropriate advisory
committees, government agencies and LGUs, shall issue, and from time to time, revise
information on air pollution control techniques. Such information shall include:

a. Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management

and control of air pollution;
b. Best available technology economically achievable which shall refer to the
technological basis/standards for emission limits applicable to existing, direct
industrial emitters of non-conventional and toxic pollutants; and
c. Alternative fuels, processes and operating methods which will result in the
elimination or significant reduction of emissions.
Such information may also include data relating to the cost of installation and operation,
energy requirements, emission reduction benefits, and environmental impact or the
emission control technology.

The issuance of air quality guideline values, standards and information on air quality
control techniques shall be made available to the general public: Provided, That the
issuance of information on air quality control techniques shall not be construed as
requiring the purchase of certain pollution control devices by the public.

SEC. 12. Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values and Standards. - The Department, in
coordination with other concerned agencies, shall review and/or revise and publish
annually a list of hazardous air pollutants with corresponding ambient guideline values
and/or standard necessary to protect public health and safety, and general welfare. The
initial list and values of the hazardous air pollutants shall be as follows:

(a) For National Ambient Air Quality Guideline for Criteria Pollutants:

Short Terma Long Termb

Pollutants �g/Ncm ppm Averaging �g/Ncm ppm Averaging

Time Time

Suspended Particulate

Matterc - TSP 230d 24 hours 90 1 yeare

- PM-10 150f 24 hours 60 1 yeare

Sulfur Dioxidec 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year

Nitrogen Dioxide 150 0.08 24 hours --

Photochemical

Oxidants 140 0.07 1 hour -. -. -.

As Ozone 60 0.03 8 hours -- -- --

Carbon Monoxide 35 mg/Ncm 30 1 hour -- -- --

10 mg/Ncm 9 8 hours -- -- --

Leadg 1.5 3 monthsg 1.0 -- 1 year

a
Maximum limits represented by ninety-eight percentile (98%) values not to exceed
more than once a year.

b
Arithmetic mean

c
SO2 and Suspended Particulate matter are sampled once every six days when using the
manual methods.

A
minimum of twelve sampling days per quarter or forty-eight sampling days each year is
required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the future once continuous
analyses are procured and become available.

d
Limits for Total Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less that 25-
50 �m.

e
Annual Geometric Mean

f
Provisional limits for Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less
than 10 microns and below until sufficient monitoring data are gathered to base a
proper guideline.

g
Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24-hour averaging time and averaged over
three moving calendar months. The monitored average value for any three months shall
not exceed the guideline value.

(b) For National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants from
Industrial Sources/Operations:

Pollutants1 Concentration2 Averaging Methods of Analysis/

time Measurement

�g/Ncm ppm (min)

1. Ammonia 200 0.28 30 Nesslerization/Indo

Phenol

2.Carbon Disulfide 30 0.01 30 Tisher Method

 3. Chlorine and Chlorine 100 0.03 5 Methyl Orange
compounds expressed
as Cl2

4. Formaldehyde 50 0.04 30 Chromotropic acid

Method or MBTH
Colorimetic Method

5.Hydrogen Chloride 200 0.13 30 Volhard Titration with

Iodine Solution

6. Hydrogen Sulfide; 100 0.07 30 Methylene Blue

7. Lead 20 30 AASc

8. Nitrogen Dioxide 375 0.20 30 Greiss-Saltzman

260 0.14 60

9. Phenol 100 0.03 30 4-Aminoustiphyline

10. Sulfur Dioxide 470 340 0.18 30 60 Colorometric-

0.13 Pararosaniline

11.Suspended
Particulate

Matter -TSP 300 -- 30 Garvimetric

--PM10 200 -- 60 -do-

Pertinent ambient standards for Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Asbestos, Nitric Acid and
Sulfuric Acid Mists in the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations may be considered as guides
in determining compliance.

Ninety-eight percentile (98%) values of 30-minute sampling measured at 25�C and

one atmosphere pressure.

Other equivalent methods approved by the department may be used.

The basis in setting up the ambient air quality guideline values and standards shall
reflect, among others, the latest scientific knowledge including information on:
 a. Variable factors, including atmospheric conditions, which of themselves or in
combination with other factors may alter the effects on public health or welfare
of such air pollutant:
b. The other types of air pollutants which may interact with such pollutant to
produce an adverse effect on public health or welfare; and
c. The kind and extent of all identifiable effects on public health or welfare which
may be expected from the presence of such pollutant in the ambient air, in
varying quantities.

The Department shall base such ambient air quality standards on World Health
Organization (WHO) standards, but shall not be limited to nor be less stringent than
such standards.

SEC. 13. Emission Charge System. - The Department, in case of industrial dischargers,
and the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), in case of motor
vehicle dischargers, shall, based on environmental techniques, design, impose on and
collect regular emission fees from said dischargers as part of the emission permitting
system or vehicle registration renewal system, as the case may be. The system shall
encourage the industries and motor vehicles to abate, reduce, or prevent pollution. The
basis of the fees include, but is not limited to, the volume and toxicity of any emitted
pollutant. Industries, which shall install pollution control devices or retrofit their existing
facilities with mechanisms that reduce pollution shall be entitled to tax incentives such
as but not limited to tax credits and/or accelerated depreciation deductions.

SEC. 14. Air Quality Management Fund. -An Air Quality Management Fund to be
administered by the Department as a special account in the National Treasury is hereby
established to finance containment, removal, and clean-up operations of the
Government in air pollution cases, guarantee restoration of ecosystems and rehabilitate
areas affected by the acts of violators of this Act, to support research, enforcement and
monitoring activities and capabilities of the relevant agencies, as well as to provide
technical assistance to the relevant agencies. Such fund may likewise be allocated per
airshed for the undertakings herein stated.

The Fund shall be sourced from the fines imposed and damages awarded to the
Republic of the Philippines by the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), proceeds of
licenses and permits issued by the Department under this Act, emission fees and from
donations, endowments and grants in the forms of contributions. Contributions to the
Fund shall be exempted from donor taxes and all other taxes, charges or fees imposed
by the Government.

SEC. 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program. - The Department, in
coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), other agencies,
the private sector, the academe, NGOs and POs, shall establish a National Research and
Development Program for the prevention and control of air pollution. The Department
shall give special emphasis to research on and the development of improved methods
having industry-wide application for the prevention and control of air pollution.

Such a research and development program shall develop air quality guideline values and
standards in addition to internationally-accepted standards. It shall also consider the
socio-cultural, political and economic implications of air quality management and
pollution control.

ARTICLE TWO

AIR POLLUTION CLEARANCES AND

PERMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES

SEC. 16. Permits. - Consistent with the provisions of this Act, the Department shall have
the authority to issue permits as it may determine necessary for the prevention and
abatement of air pollution.

Said permits shall cover emission limitations for the regulated air pollutants to help
attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards. These permits shall serve as
management tools for the LGUs in the development of their action plan.

SEC. 17. Emission Quotas. - The Department may allow each regional industrial center
that is designated as special airshed to allocate emission quotas to pollution sources
within its jurisdiction that qualify under an environmental impact assessment system
programmatic compliance program pursuant to the implementing rules and regulations
of Presidential Decree No. 1586.

SEC. 18. Financial Liability for Environmental Rehabilitation. -As part of the
environmental management plan attached to the environmental compliance certificate
pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and rules and regulations set therefor, the
Department shall require program and project proponents to put up financial guarantee
mechanisms to finance the needs for emergency response, clean-up or rehabilitation of
areas that may be damaged during the program or project's actual implementation.
Liability for damages shall continue even after the termination of a program or project,
where such damages are clearly attributable to that program or project and for a
definite period to be determined by the Department and incorporated into the
environmental compliance certificate.

Financial liability instruments may be in the form of a trust fund, environmental

insurance, surety bonds, letters of credit, as well as self-insurance. The choice of the
guarantee instrument or combinations thereof shall depend, among others, on the
assessment of the risks involved. Proponents required to put up guarantee instruments
shall furnish the Department with evidence of availment of such instruments.

ARTICLE THREE

POLLUTION FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

SEC. 19. Pollution From Stationary Sources. - The Department shall, within two (2) years
from the effectivity of this Act, and every two (2) years thereafter, review, or as the
need therefor arises, revise and publish emission standards, to further improve the
emission standards for stationary sources of air pollution. Such emission standards shall
be based on mass rate of emission for all stationary sources of air pollution based on
internationally-accepted standards, but not be limited to, nor be less stringent than such
standards and with the standards set forth in this section. The standards, whichever is
applicable, shall be the limit on the acceptable level of pollutants emitted from a
stationary source for the protection of the public's health and welfare.

With respect to any trade, industry, process and fuel-burning equipment or industrial
plant emitting air pollutants, the concentration at the point of emission shall not exceed
the following limits:

Pollutants Standard Maximum Method of Analysisa

Applicable to Permissible Limits
Source (mg/Ncm)

1. Antimony and Any source 10 as Sb AASb

its compounds

2. Arsenic and its Any source 10 as As AASb

compounds
3. Cadmium and Any source 10 as Cd AASb
its compounds

4. Carbon Any industrial 500 as CO Orsat Analysis

monoxide source

5. Copper and its Any industrial 100 as Cu AASb

compounds source

6. Hydrofluoric Any source other 50 as HF Titration with

Acids and Fluoride than the Ammonium
compounds manufacture of Thiocyanate
Aluminum from
Alumina

7. Hydrogen i)Geothermal c, d Cadmium Sulfide

Sulfide power plants Method

ii)Geothermal e
exploration and
well-testing Cadmium Sulfide
Method
iii)Any source
other than (i) and 7 as H2S
(ii)

8. Lead Any trade 10 as Pb AASb

industry or
process

9. Mercury Any source 5 as elemental Hg AASb/ Cold-Vapor

Technique or Hg
Analyzer

10. Nickel and its Any source 20 as Ni AASb

compounds,
except Nickel
Carbonyl

11. NOx i) Manufacture of 2,000 as acid and Phenol-disulfonic

Nitric Acid NOx and acid Method
calculated as NO2
ii) Fuel burning Phenol-disulfonic
steam generators acid Method
Existing Source
New Source
 * Coal-fired
* Oil-fired 1,500 as NO2

iii) Any source Phenol-disulfonic

other than (i) and 1,000 as NO2
(ii)
Existing Source 500 as NO2
New Source

1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

12. Phosphorus Any source 200 as P2O5 Spectrophotoimetry

Fentoxide

13. Zinc and its Any source 100 as Zn AASb

compounds

a
Other equivalent methods approved by the Department may be used.

"
Atomic Absorption Spectrophometry

c
All new geothermal power plants starting construction by 01 January 1995 shall control
HsS emissions to not more than 150g/GMW-Hr

"
All existing geothermal power plants shall control HsS emissions to not more than
200g/GMW-Hr. within 5 years from the date of efectivity of these revised regulations.

e
Best practicable control technology for air emissions and liquid discharges. Compliance
with air and water quality standards is required.

1
Emission limit of Nickel Carbonyl shall not exceed 0.5 mg/Ncm. Provisional Guideline

Provided, That the maximum limits in mg/Ncm particulates in said sources shall be:

1. Fuel burning Equipment

(a) Urban or Industrial Area 150 mg/Ncm
 (b) Other Area 200 mg/Ncm

2. Cement Plants (Kilns, etc.) 150 mg/Ncm

3. Smelting Furnaces 150 mg/Ncm

4. Other Stationary Sourcesa 200 mg/Ncm

a
Other Stationary Sources means a trade, process, industrial plant, or fuel burning
equipment other than thermal power plants, industrial boilers, cement plants,
incinerators and smelting furnaces

Provided, further, That the maximum limits for sulfur oxides in said sources shall be:

(1) Existing Sources

(i) Manufacture of Sulfuric 2.0 gm. Ncm as SO3
Acid and Sulf(on)ation
Process

(ii) Fuel Burning Equipment 1.5 gm. Ncm as SO2

(iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 1.0 gm. Ncm as SO3

(2) New Sources

(i) Manufacture of Sulfuric 1.5 gm. Ncm as SO3

Acid and Sulf(on)ation
Process

(ii) Fuel Burning Equipment 0.7 gm. Ncm as SO2

(iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 0.2 gm. Ncm as SO3

a
Other Stationary Sources refer to existing and new stationary sources other than those
caused by the manufacture of sulfuric acid and sulfonation process, fuel burning
equipment and incineration.

For stationary sources of pollution not specifically included in the immediately

preceding paragraph, the following emission standards shall not be exceeded in the
exhaust gas:

I. Daily And Half Hourly Average Values

 Daily Average Half Hourly
Values Average Values

Total dust 10 mg/m3 30 mg/m3

Gaseous and vaporous organic substances,

expressed as total organic carbon 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 mg/m3 60 mg/m3

Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 mg/m3 4 mg/m3

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 50 mg/m3 200 mg/m3

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and 200 mg/m3 400 mg/m3

nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
expressed as nitrogen
dioxide for incineration plants
with a capacity exceeding 3
tonnes per hour

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and 300 mg/m3

nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
expressed as nitrogen dioxide
for incineration plants with a
capacity of 3 tonnes per hour or
less

Ammonia 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3

II. All Average Values over the Sample Period of a Minimum of 4 and Maximum of 8
Hours

Cadmium and its compounds, expressed as cadmium (Cd) total 0.05

Thallium and its compounds, expressed as thallium (Tl) mg/m

Mercury and its compounds, expressed as mercury (Hg) 0.05 mg/m3

Antimony and its compounds, expressed as antimony (Sb)

Arsenic and its compounds, expressed as arsenic (As) total 0.5

Lead and its compounds, expressed as lead (Pb) mg/m3

Chromium and its compounds, expressed as chromium (Cr)

 Cobalt and its compounds, expressed as cobalt (Co)

Copper and its compounds, expressed as copper (Cu)

Manganese and its compounds, expressed as manganese (Mn)

Nickel and its compounds, expressed as nickel (Ni)

Vanadium and its compounds, expressed as vanadium (V)

Tin and its compounds, expressed as tin (Sn)

These average values cover also gaseous and the vapor forms of the relevant heavy
metal emission as well as their compounds: Provided, That the emission of dioxins and
furans into the air shall be reduced by the most progressive techniques: Provided
further, That all average values of dioxin and furans measured over the sample period of
a minimum of 6 hours and a maximum of 8 hours must not exceed the limit value of 0.1
nanogram/m3.

Pursuant to Section 8 of this Act, the Department shall prepare a detailed action plan
setting the emission standards or standards of performance for any stationary source,
the procedure for testing emissions for each type of pollutant, and the procedure for
enforcement of said standards.

Existing industries, which are proven to exceed emission rates established by the
Department, in consultation with stakeholders, after a thorough, credible and
transparent measurement process shall be allowed a grace period of eighteen (18)
months for the establishment of an environmental management system and the
installation of an appropriate air pollution control device: Provided, That an extension of
not more than twelve (12) months may be allowed by the Department on meritorious
grounds.

SEC. 20. Ban on Incineration. - Incineration, hereby defined as the burning of municipal,
bio- medical and hazardous wastes, which process emits poisonous and toxic fumes, is
hereby prohibited: Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not apply to traditional
small-scale method of community/ neighborhood sanitation "siga," traditional,
agricultural, cultural, health, and food preparation and crematoria: Provided,
further, That existing incinerators dealing with bio-medical wastes shall be phased out
within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act: Provided, finally, That in the
interim, such units shall be limited to the burning of pathological and infectious wastes,
and subject to close monitoring by the Department.

Local government units are hereby mandated to promote, encourage and implement in
their respective jurisdiction a comprehensive ecological waste management that
includes waste segregation, recycling and composting.

With due concern on the effects of climate change, the Department shall promote the
use of state-of-the-art, environmentally-sound and safe non-burn technologies for the
handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization, and disposal of sorted, unrecycled,
uncomposted municipal, bio-medical and hazardous wastes.

ARTICLE FOUR

POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES

SEC. 21. Pollution from Motor Vehicles. - (a) The DOTC shall implement the emission
standards for motor vehicles set pursuant to and as provided in this Act. To further
improve the emission standards, the Department shall review, revise and publish the
standards every two (2) years, or as the need arises.

It shall consider the maximum limits for all major pollutants to ensure substantial
improvement in air quality for the health, safety and welfare of the general public.

The following emission standards for type approval of motor vehicles shall be effective
by the year 2003:

(a) For light duty vehicles, the exhaust emission limits for gaseous pollutants shall be:

Emission Limits for Light Duty Vehicles

Type Approval (Directive 91/441/EEC)

CO HC + NOx PMa

(g/km) (g/km) (g/km)

2.72 0.97 0.14

a
for compression-ignition engines only

(b) For light commercial vehicles, the exhaust emission limit of gaseous pollutants as a
function of the the given reference mass shall be:

Emission Limits for Light Commercial Vehicles

Type Approval

(Directive 93/59/EEC)

Reference CO HC + NOx PM3

Weight (RW)
(kg) (g/km) (g/km) (g/km)

Category 1 1250< RW 2.72 0.97 0.14

1250< RW <
Category 2 5.17 1.4 0.19
1700

Category 3 RW>1700 6.9 1.7 0.25

a
for compression-ignition engines only

(c) For heavy duty vehicles, the exhaust emission limits of gaseous pollutants shall be:

Emission Limits for Heavy Duty Vehicles

Type Approval

(Directive 91/542/EEC)

CO HC NOx PM

(g/kWh) (g/kWh) (g/kWh) (g/kWh)

4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36a

a
In the case of engines of 85 kW or less, the limit value for particular emissions is
increased by multiplying the quoted limit by a coefficient of 1.7

Fuel evaporative emission for spark-ignition engines shall not exceed 2.0 grams
hydrocarbons per test. Likewise, it shall not allow any emission of gases from crankcase
ventilation system into the atmosphere.

(b) The Department, in collaboration with the DOTC, DTI and LGUs, shall develop an
action plan for the control and management of air pollution from motor vehicles
consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Framework. The DOTC shall enforce
compliance with the emission standards for motor vehicles set by the Department. The
DOTC may deputize other law enforcement agencies and LGUs for this purpose. To this
end, the DOTC shall have the power to:

1. Inspect and monitor the emissions of motor vehicles;

2. Prohibit or enjoin the use of motor vehicles or a class of motor vehicles in any
area or street at specified times; and
3. Authorize private emission testing centers duly accredited by the DTI.

(c) The DOTC, together with the DTI and the Department, shall establish the procedures
for the inspection of motor vehicles and the testing of their emissions for the purpose of
determining the concentration and/or rate of emission of pollutants discharged by said
sources.

(d) In order to ensure the substantial reduction of emissions from motor vehicles, the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), together with the DOTC and the Department,
shall formulate and implement a national motor vehicle inspection and maintenance
program that will promote efficient and safe operation of all motor vehicles. In this
regard, the DTI shall develop and implement standards and procedures for the
certification of training institutions, instructors and facilities and the licensing of
qualified private service centers and their technicians as prerequisite for performing the
testing, servicing, repair and the required adjustment to the vehicle emission system.
The DTI shall likewise prescribe regulations requiring the disclosure of odometer
readings and the use of tamper-resistant odometers for all motor vehicles including
tamper-resistant fuel management systems for the effective implementation of the
inspection and maintenance program.
SEC. 22. Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. -Any imported new or locally-
assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it complies with the
emission standards set pursuant to this Act, as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity
(COC) issued by the Department.

Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or
used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act.

Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using new or used engines,
major parts or components shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission
standards set pursuant to this Act.

In case of non-compliance, the importer or consignee may be allowed to modify or

rebuild the vehicle or engine so that it will be in compliance with applicable emission
standards.

No motor vehicle registration (MVR) shall be issued unless such motor vehicle passes
the emission testing requirement promulgated in accordance with this Act. Such testing
shall be conducted by the DOTC or its authorized inspection centers within sixty (60)
days prior to date of registration.

The DTI shall promulgate the necessary regulations prescribing the useful life of vehicles
and engines including devices in order to ensure that such vehicles will conform to the
emissions which they were certified to meet. These regulations shall include provisions
for ensuring the durability of emission devices.

SEC. 23. Second-Hand Motor Vehicle Engines. - Any imported second-hand motor vehicle
engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with
emission standards set pursuant to this Act.

ARTICLE FIVE

POLLUTION FROM OTHER SOURCES

SEC. 24. Pollution from Smoking. - Smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public
place including public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area
outside of one's private residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking
area is hereby prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the
LGUs.

SEC. 25. Pollution from Other Mobile Sources. - The Department, in coordination with
appropriate agencies, shall formulate and establish the necessary standards for all
mobile sources other than those referred to in Section 21 of this Act. The imposition of
the appropriate fines and penalties from these sources for any violation of emission
standards shall be under the jurisdiction of the DOTC.

CHAPTER3

FUELS, ADDITIVES, SUBSTANCES AND

POLLUTANTS

ARTICLE ONE

FUELS, ADDITIVE AND SUBTANCES

SEC. 26. Fuels and Additives. - Pursuant to the Air Quality Framework to be established
under Section 7 of this Act, the Department of Energy (DOE), co-chaired by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), in consultation with the
Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of the DTI, the DOST, the representatives of the fuel
and automotive industries, academe and the consumers shall set the specifications for
all types of fuel and fuel-related products, to improve fuel composition for increased
efficiency and reduced emissions: Provided, however, That the specifications for all
types of fuel and fuel-related products set-forth pursuant to this section shall be
adopted by the BPS as Philippine National Standards (PNS).

The DOE, shall also specify the allowable content of additives in all types of fuels and
fuel-related products. Such standards shall be based primarily on threshold levels of
health and research studies. On the basis of such specifications, the DOE shall likewise
limit the content or begin the phase-out of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related
products as it may deem necessary. Other agencies involved in the performance of this
function shall be required to coordinate with the DOE and transfer all documents and
information necessary for the implementation of this provision.

Consistent with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs under this section, it is
declared that:
 a. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person
shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or
introduce into commerce unleaded premium gasoline fuel which has an anti-
knock index (AKI) of not less than 87.5 and Reid vapor pressure of not more than
9 psi. Within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, unleaded gasoline fuel
shall contain aromatics not to exceed forty-five percent (45%) by volume and
benzene not to exceed four percent (4%) by volume: Provided, That by year 2003,
unleaded gasoline fuel should contain aromatics not to exceed thirty-five percent
(35%) by volume and benzene not to exceed two percent (2%) by volume;
b. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person
shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or
introduce into commerce automotive diesel fuel which contains a concentration
of sulfur in excess of 0.20% by weight with a cetane number or index of not less
than forty-eight (48): Provided, That by year 2004, content of said sulfur shall be
0.05% by weight; and
c. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person
shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or
introduce into commerce industrial diesel fuel which contains a concentration of
sulfur in excess of 0.30% (by weight).

Every two (2) years thereafter or as the need arises, the specifications of unleaded
gasoline and of automotive and industrial diesel fuels shall be reviewed and revised for
further improvement in formulation and in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

The fuels characterized above shall be commercially available. Likewise, the same shall
be the reference fuels for emission and testing procedures to be established in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.

Any proposed additive shall not in any way increase emissions of any of the regulated
gases which shall include, but not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and
oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter, in order to be approved and certified by the
Department.

SEC. 27. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives. - The DOE, in coordination with the
Department and the BPS, shall regulate the use of any fuel or fuel additive. No
manufacturer, processor or trader of any fuel or additive may import, sell, offer for sale,
or introduce into commerce such fuel or additive unless the same has been registered
with the DOE. Prior to registration, the manufacturer, processor or trader shall provide
the DOE with the following relevant information:
 a. Product identity and composition to determine the potential health effects of
such fuels and additives;
b. Description of the analytical technique that can be used to detect and measure
the additive in any fuel;
c. Recommended range of concentration; and
d. Purpose in the use of the fuel and additive.

SEC. 28. Misfueling. - In order to prevent the disabling of any emission control device by
lead contamination, no person shall introduce or cause or allow the introduction of
leaded gasoline into any motor vehicle equipped with a gasoline tank filler inlet and
labeled "unleaded gasoline only." This prohibition shall also apply to any person who
knows or should know that such vehicle is designed solely for the use of unleaded
gasoline.

SEC. 29. Prohibition on Manufacture, Import and Sale of Leaded Gasoline and of Engines
and/or Components Requiring Leaded Gasoline. - Effective not later than eighteen (18)
months after the enactment of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, offer
for sale, introduce into commerce, convey or otherwise dispose of, in any manner
leaded gasoline and engines and components requiring the use of leaded gasoline.

For existing vehicles, the DTI shall formulate standards and procedures that will allow
non-conforming engines to comply with the use of unleaded fuel within five (5) years
after the effectivity of this Act.

ARTICLE TWO

OTHER POLLUTANTS

SEC. 30. Ozone-Depleting Substances. - Consistent with the terms and conditions of the
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and other international
agreements and protocols to which the Philippines is a signatory, the Department shall
phase out ozone-depleting substances.

Within sixty (60) days after the enactment of this Act, the Department shall publish a list
of substances which are known to cause harmful effects on the stratospheric ozone
layer.

SEC. 31. Greenhouse Gases. - The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting
environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and
coordinate with the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring
and standard-setting activities.

The Department, together with concerned agencies and local government units, shall
prepare and fully implement a national plan consistent with the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change and other international agreements,
conventions and protocols on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the country.

SEC. 32. Persistent Organic Pollutants. - The Department shall, within a period of two (2)
years after the enactment of this Act, establish an inventory list of all sources of
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the country. The Department shall develop short-
term and long-term national government programs on the reduction and elimination of
POPs such as dioxins and furans. Such programs shall be formulated within a year after
the establishment of the inventory list.

SEC. 33. Radioactive Emissions. -All projects which will involve the use of atomic and/or
nuclear energy, and will entail release and emission of radioactive substances into the
environment, incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities
and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, and use of
radioactive materials, shall be regulated in the interest of public health and welfare by
the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), in coordination with the Department
and other appropriate government agencies.

CHAPTER 4

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

SEC. 34. Lead Agency. - The Department, unless otherwise provided herein, shall be the
primary government agency responsible for the implementation and enforcement of
this Act. To be more effective in this regard, the Department's Environmental
Management Bureau (EMB) shall be converted from a staff bureau to a line bureau for a
period of no more than two (2) years, unless a separate, comprehensive environmental
management agency is created.

SEC. 35. Linkage Mechanism. - The Department shall consult, participate, cooperate and
enter into agreement with other government agencies, or with affected
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) or people's organizations (POs), or private
enterprises in the furtherance of the objectives of this Act.

SEC. 36. Role of Local Government Units. - Local government units (LGUs) shall share the
responsibility in the management and maintenance of air quality within their territorial
jurisdiction. Consistent with Sections 7,8 and 9 of this Act, LGUs shall implement air
quality standards set by the Board in areas within their jurisdiction: Provided,
however, That in case where the Board has not been duly constituted and has not
promulgated its standards, the standards set forth in this Act shall apply.

The Department shall provide the LGUs with technical assistance, trainings and a
continuing capability-building program to prepare them to undertake full administration
of the air quality management and regulation within their territorial jurisdiction.

SEC. 37. Environment and Natural Resources Office. -There may be established an
Environment and Natural Resources Office in every province, city, or municipality which
shall be headed by the environment and natural resources officer and shall be
appointed by the Chief Executive of every province, city or municipality in accordance
with the provisions of Section 484 of Republic Act No. 7160. Its powers and duties,
among others, are:

a. To prepare comprehensive air quality management programs, plans and

strategies within the limits set forth in Republic Act No. 7160 and this Act which
shall be implemented within its territorial jurisdiction upon the approval of the
sanggunian;
b. To provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and
the provision of adequate facilities relative to air quality;
c. To take the lead in all efforts concerning air quality protection and rehabilitation;
d. To recommend to the Board air quality standards which shall not exceed the
maximum permissible standards set by national laws;
e. To coordinate with other government agencies and nongovernmental
organizations in the implementation of measures to prevent and control air
pollution; and
f. Exercise such other powers and perform such duties and functions as may be
prescribed by law or ordinance: Provided however, That in provinces/cities/
municipalities where there are no environment and natural resources officers,
the local executive concerned may designate any of his official and/or chief of
office preferably the provincial, city or municipal agriculturist, or any of his
 employee: Provided, finally, That in case an employee is designated as such, he
must have a sufficient experience in environmental and natural resources
management, conservation and utilization.

SEC. 38. Record-keeping, Inspection, Monitoring and Entry by the Department. - The
Department or its duly accredited entity shall, after proper consultation and notice,
require any person who owns or operates any emission source or who is subject to any
requirement of this Act to: (a) establish and maintain relevant records; (b) make
relevant reports; (c) install, use and maintain monitoring equipment or methods; (d)
sample emission, in accordance with the methods, locations, intervals, and manner
prescribed by the Department; (e) keep records on control equipment parameters,
production variables or other indirect data when direct monitoring of emissions is
impractical; and (f) provide such other information as the Department may reasonably
require.

Pursuant to this Act, the Department, through its authorized representatives, shall have
the right of: (a) entry or access to any premises including documents and relevant
materials as referred to in the herein preceding paragraph; (b) inspect any pollution or
waste source, control device, monitoring equipment or method required; and (c) test
any emission.

Any record, report or information obtained under this section shall be made available to
the public, except upon a satisfactory showing to the Department by the entity
concerned that the record, report, or information, or parts thereof, if made public,
would divulge secret methods or processes entitled to protection as intellectual
property. Such record, report or information shall likewise be incorporated in the
Department's industrial rating system.

SEC. 39. Public Education and Information Campaign. - A continuing air quality
information and education campaign shall be promoted by the Department, the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG), the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Philippine
Information Agency (PIA). Consistent with Section 7 of this Act, such campaign shall
encourage the participation of other government agencies and the private sector
including NGOs, POs, the academe, environmental groups and other private entities in a
multi-sectoral information campaign.
 CHAPTER5

ACTIONS

SEC. 40. Administrative Action. -Without prejudice to the right of any affected person to
file an administrative action, the Department shall, on its own instance or upon verified
complaint by any person, institute administrative proceedings against any person who
violates:

Standards or limitation provided under this Act; or

Any order, rule or regulation issued by the Department with respect to such standard or
limitation.

SEC. 41. Citizen Suits. - For purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act or its
implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or
administrative action in the proper courts against:

a. Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Act or its
implementing rules and regulations; or
b. The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules
and regulations issued inconsistent with this Act; and/or
c. Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act
specifically enjoined as a duty by this Act or its implementing rules and
regulations; or abuses his authority in the performance of his duty; or, in any
manner, improperly performs his duties under this Act or its implementing rules
and regulations: Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until after thirty-day
(30) notice has been given to the public officer and the alleged violator
concerned and no appropriate action has been taken thereon.

The court shall exempt such action from the payment of filing fees, except fees for
actions not capable of pecuniary estimations, and shall, likewise, upon prima
facie showing of the non-enforcement or violation complained of, exempt the plaintiff
from the filing of an injunction bond for the issuance of a preliminary injunction.

Within thirty (30) days, the court shall make a determination if the complaint herein is
malicious and/or baseless and shall accordingly dismiss the action and award attorney's
fees and damages.
SEC. 42. Independence of Action. - The filing of an administrative suit against such
person/entity does not preclude the right of any other person to file any criminal or civil
action. Such civil action shall proceed independently.

SEC. 43. Suits and Strategic Legal Actions Against Public Participation and the
Enforcement of this Act. - Where a suit is brought against a person who filed an action as
provided in Section 41 of this Act, or against any person, institution or government
agency that implements this Act, it shall be the duty of the investigating prosecutor or
the court, as the case may be, to immediately make a determination not exceeding
thirty (30) days whether said legal action has been filed to harass, vex, exert undue
pressure or stifle such legal recourses of the person complaining of or enforcing the
provisions of this Act. Upon determination thereof, evidence warranting the same, the
court shall dismiss the case and award attorney's fees and double damages.

This provision shall also apply and benefit public officers who are sued for acts
committed in their official capacity, there being no grave abuse of authority, and done
in the course of enforcing this Act.

SEC. 44. Lien Upon Personal and Immovable Properties of Violators. - Fines and penalties
imposed pursuant to this Act shall be liens upon personal and immovable properties of
the violator. Such lien shall, in case of insolvency of the respondent violator, enjoy
preference subsequent to laborer's wages under Articles 2241 and 2242 of Republic Act
No. 386, otherwise known as the New Civil Code of the Philippines.

CHAPTER6

FINES AND PENALTIES

SEC. 45. Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources. - For actual exceedance of any
pollution or air quality standards under this Act or its rules and regulations, the
Department, through the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), shall impose a fine of not
more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) for every day of violation against
the owner or operator of a stationary source until such time that the standards have
been complied with.

For purposes of the application of the fines, the PAB shall prepare a fine rating system to
adjust the maximum fine based on the violator's ability to pay, degree of willfulness,
degree of negligence, history of noncompliance and degree of
recalcitrance: Provided, That in case of negligence, the first time offender's ability to pay
may likewise be considered by the Pollution Adjudication Board: Provided, further, That
in the absence of any extenuating or aggravating circumstances, the amount of fine for
negligence shall be equivalent to one-half of the fine for willful violation.

The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%) every three
(3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such
fines.

In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order the closure, suspension of development,
construction, or operations of the stationary sources until such time that proper
environmental safeguards are put in place: Provided, That an establishment found liable
for a third offense shall suffer permanent closure immediately. This paragraph shall be
without prejudice to the immediate issuance of an ex parte order for such closure,
suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the
pendency of the case upon prima facie evidence that there is imminent threat to life,
public health, safety or general welfare, or to plant or animal life, or whenever there is
an exceedance of the emission standards set by the Department and/or the Board
and/or the appropriate LGU.

SEC. 46. Violation of Standards for Motor Vehicles. - No motor vehicle shall be registered
with the DOTC unless it meets the emission standards set by the Department as
provided in Section 21 hereof.

Any vehicle suspected of violation of emission standards through visual signs, such as,
but not limited to smoke-belching, shall be subject to an emission test by a duly
authorized emission testing center. For this purpose, the DOTC or its authorized testing
center shall establish a roadside inspection system. Should it be shown that there was
no violation of emission standards, the vehicle shall be immediately released.
Otherwise, a testing result indicating an exceedance of the emission standards would
warrant the continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless the appropriate
penalties are fully paid, and the license plate is surrendered to the DOTC pending the
fulfillment of the undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle to make the
necessary repairs so as to comply with the standards. A pass shall herein be issued by
the DOTC to authorize the use of the motor vehicle within a specified period that shall
not exceed seven (7) days for the sole purpose of making the necessary repairs on the
said vehicle. The owner/operator of the vehicle shall be required to correct its defects
and show proof of compliance to the appropriate pollution control office before the
vehicle can be allowed to be driven on any public or subdivision roads.

In addition, the driver and operator of the apprehended vehicle shall undergo a seminar
on pollution control and management conducted by the DOTC and shall also suffer the
following penalties:

a. First offense - a fine not to exceed Two thousand pesos (P2,000);

b. Second offense - a fine not less than Two thousand pesos (P2,000) and not to
exceed Four thousand pesos (P4,000); and
c. Third offense - one (1) year suspension of the Motor Vehicle Registration (MVR)
and a fine of not less than Four thousand pesos (P4,000) and not more than Six
thousand pesos, (P6,000).

Any violation of the provisions of Section 21 paragraph (d) with regard to national
inspection and maintenance program, including technicians and facility compliance shall
be penalized with a fine of not less than Thirty thousand pesos (P30,000) or cancellation
of license of both the technician and the center, or both, as determined by the DTI.

All law enforcement officials and deputized agents accredited to conduct vehicle
emissions testing and apprehensions shall undergo a mandatory training on emission
standards and regulations. For this purpose, the Department, together with the DOTC,
DTI, DOST, Philippine National Police (PNP) and other concerned agencies and private
entities shall design a training program.

SEC. 47. Fines and Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act. - For violations
of all other provisions provided in this Act and of the rules and regulations thereof, a
fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000) but not more than One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000) or six (6) months to six (6) years imprisonment or both shall
be imposed. If the offender is a juridical person, the president, manager, directors,
trustees, the pollution control officer or the officials directly in charge of the operations
shall suffer the penalty herein provided.

SEC. 48. Gross Violations. - In case of gross violation of this Act or its implementing rules
and regulations, the PAB shall recommend to the proper government agencies to file
the appropriate criminal charges against the violators. The PAB shall assist the public
prosecutor in the litigation of the case. Gross violation shall mean: (a) three (3) or more
specific offenses within a period of one (1) year; (b) three (3) or more specific offenses
within three (3) consecutive years; (c) blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as
but not limited to the breaking of seal, padlocks and other similar devices, or operating
despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation;
and (d) irreparable or grave damage to the environment as a consequence of any
violation or omission of the provisions of this Act.

Offenders shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not
more than ten (10) years at the discretion of the court. If the offender is a juridical
person, the president, manager, directors, trustees, the pollution control officer or the
officials directly in charge of the operations shall suffer the penalty herein provided.

CHAPTER 7

FINAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 49. Potential Loss or Shifts of Employment. - The Secretary of Labor is hereby
authorized to establish a compensation, retraining and relocation program to assist
workers laid off due to a company's compliance with the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 50. Appropriations. -An amount of Seven hundred fifty million pesos
(P750,000,000) shall be appropriated for the initial implementation of this Act, of which,
the amount of Three hundred million pesos (P300,000,000) shall be appropriated to the
Department; Two hundred million pesos (P200,000,000) to the DTI; One hundred fifty
million pesos (P150,000,000) to the DOTC; and, One hundred million pesos
(P100,000,000) to the DOE.

Thereafter, the amount necessary to effectively carry out the provisions of this Act shall
be included in the General Appropriations Act.

SEC. 51. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The Department, in coordination with
the Committees on Environment and Ecology of the Senate and House of
Representatives, respectively and other concerned agencies, shall promulgate the
implementing rules and regulations for this Act, within one (1) year after the enactment
of this Act: Provided, That rules and regulations issued by other government agencies
and instrumentalities for the prevention and/or abatement of pollution not inconsistent
with this Act shall supplement the rules and regulations issued by the Department,
pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
The draft of the implementing rules and regulations shall be published and be the
subject of public consultations with affected sectors.

There shall be a mandatory review of the implementing rules and regulations and
standards set pursuant to the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 52. Report to Congress. - The Department shall report to Congress, not later than
March 30 of every year following the approval of this Act, the progress of the pollution
control efforts and make the necessary recommendations in areas where there is need
for legislative action.

SEC. 53. Joint Congressional Oversight Committee. -There is hereby created a joint
congressional oversight committee to monitor the implementation of this Act. The
committee shall be composed of five (5) senators and five (5) representatives to be
appointed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
respectively. The oversight committee shall be co-chaired by a senator and a
representative designated by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, respectively.

The mandate given to the joint congressional oversight committee under this Act shall
be without prejudice to the performance of the duties and functions by the respective
existing oversight committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

SEC. 54. Separability of Provisions. - If any provision of this Act or the application of such
provision to any person or circumstance is declared unconstitutional, the remainder of
the Act or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstance shall not
be affected by such declaration.

SEC. 55. Repealing Clause. - Presidential Decree No. 1181 is hereby repealed.
Presidential Decree Nos. 1152, 1586, and Presidential Decree No. 984 are partly
modified. All other laws, orders, issuances, rules and regulations inconsistent herewith
are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

SEC. 56. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days from the date of its
publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general
circulation.
Approved,

(Sgd.) MANUEL B. VILLAR, JR. (Sgd.) MARCELO B. FERNAN

Speaker of the House of Representatives President of the Senate

This Act, which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1255 and House Bill No. 6216, was
finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on May 13, 1999 and
May 10, 1999, respectively.

(Sgd.) ROBERTO P. NAZARENO (Sgd.) HEZEL P. GACUTAN

Secretary General House of Representatives Secretary of the Senate

Approved: June 23, 1999.

(Sgd.) JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA

President of the Philippines

Source: Supreme Court E-Library

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