IT Questions
IT Questions
1. What does HTML stand for, and what is its primary purpose?
o Answer: HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to
create web pages by structuring content with elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, and
images.
o Answer: A hyperlink is created using the <a> (anchor) tag with the href attribute specifying the
URL. For example: <a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>.
o Answer: <div> is a block-level element used to group larger sections of content, causing a line
break before and after. <span> is an inline element used to group small portions of text without
causing line breaks.
5. Answer: The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as character set, author,
description, and viewport settings. This information is not displayed on the page but is used by browsers
and search engines to understand the content and behavior of the page.
7. Answer: An image is embedded using the <img> tag with the src attribute specifying the image URL
and the alt attribute providing alternative text. For example: <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of
image">.
8.
CSS:
1. What does CSS stand for, and how is it used in web development?
o Answer: CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is used to control the presentation,
formatting, and layout of web pages, allowing developers to separate content (HTML) from
design.
2. How can you apply a CSS style to a specific element with a unique ID?
o Answer: Use the # symbol followed by the element's ID in the CSS selector. For example, to
style an element with id="header":
css
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#header {
color: blue;
}
3. What is the CSS box model, and what are its components?
o Answer: The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements in the
document tree and consists of:
▪ Content: The actual content of the element.
▪ Margin: The outermost space that separates the element from other elements.
4. What is the difference between class and id selectors in CSS?
5. Answer: The class selector is used to apply styles to multiple elements, while the id selector is used for
a single, unique element. In CSS, classes are denoted with a period (.) and IDs with a hash (#). For
example: .classname {} and #idname {}.
9. Internal CSS: Within a <style> tag inside the <head> section of the HTML document.
10. External CSS: Linking to an external .css file using the <link> tag.
▪ Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary
features of an object.
▪ Inheritance: Allowing a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing
class.
o Answer: Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class, known as a subclass or derived class,
inherits attributes and methods from an existing class, called a superclass or base class. This
promotes code reusability and establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.
▪ Method Overloading: Multiple methods in the same class have the same name but
different parameters.
7. Answer: An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and is designed to be
subclassed. It can contain abstract methods with no implementation, which must be implemented by
derived classes.
Databases:
o Answer:
▪ SQL Databases: Relational databases that use Structured Query Language (SQL) for
defining and manipulating data. They have a fixed schema and are table-based.
▪ NoSQL Databases: Non-relational databases that store data in various formats like
document, key-value, graph, or column-family. They have dynamic schemas and are
designed for scalability and flexibility.
o Answer: A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database table. It ensures that
each entry is distinct and can be referenced uniquely, preventing duplicate records.
5. Answer: Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and
improve data integrity. It involves dividing large tables into smaller, related tables and defining
relationships between them.
7. Answer: A foreign key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row in
another table. It establishes a relationship between the two tables, enforcing referential integrity.
JavaScript:
o Answer: Variables in JavaScript can be declared using the var, let, or const keywords. For
example:
javascript
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• Answer: == is the equality operator that compares two values for equality after converting both to a
common type (type coercion). === is the strict equality operator that compares both value and type,
returning true only if both are identical without type conversion.
• Answer: Event delegation is a technique where a single event listener is added to a parent element to
manage events for multiple child elements. Instead of adding individual listeners to each child, the
parent listens for events, improving performance and simplifying code management.
In JavaScript, the this keyword serves as a reference to the object from which a function is invoked. Its value is
determined by the context in which the function is called, allowing for dynamic access to an object's properties
and methods.