Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Most Important Questions (इससे बाहर कुछ नह ीं आएगा)

1. Define the term ‘critical angle’ for a pair of media. A point source of monochromatic light ‘S’ is kept at
the centre of the bottom of a cylinder of radius 15.0 cm. The cylinder contains water (refractive index 4/3)
to a height of 7.0 cm. Draw the ray diagram and calculate the area of water surface through which the light
emerges in air.
Ans. The Area of water surface through which the light emerges in air is 63π m2
2. (a) Derive the mathematical relation between refractive indices n1 and n2 of two radii and radius of
curvature R for refraction at a convex spherical surface. Consider the object to be a point since lying on
the principal axis in rarer medium of refractive index n1 and a real image formed in the denser medium of
refractive index n2. Hence, derive lens maker’s formula.
(b) A double convex lens having both faces of the same radius of curvature has refractive index 1.55. Find
out the radius of curvature of the lens required to get the focal length of 20 cm.
Ans. (b) R = 22 cm

3. (a) Deduce the expression, by drawing a suitable ray diagram, for the refractive index of triangular glass
prism in terms of the angle of minimum deviation (D) and the angle of prism (A). Draw a plot showing
the variation of the angle of deviation with the angle of incidence.
(b) Calculate the value of the angle of incidence when a ray of light incident on one face of an equilateral
glass prism produces the emergent ray, which just grazes along the adjacent face. Refractive index of the
prism is √2.

Ans. ∠i = sin-1 (√𝟐 sin 150)

4. A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a triangular prism of refracting angle of 60°, made of a
transparent material of refractive index √3/2, as shown in the figure. Trace the path of the ray as it passes
through the prism. Also calculate the angle of emergence and angle of deviation.
Ans. Angle of emergence = 900 and Angle of deviation = 300

5. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism in such a way that the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of emergence and each of these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism. Determine
(i) the angle of deviation and
(ii) the refractive index of the prism.
Ans. (i) Angle of deviation = 300
(ii) Refractive index of prism = 1.41
6. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the image formation of a distant object by a refracting telescope.
Deduce the expression for its magnifying power when the final image is formed at infinity.
(b) The sum of focal lengths of the two lenses of a refracting telescope is 105 cm. The focal length of one
lens is 20 times that of the other. Determine the total magnification of the telescope when the final image
is formed at infinity.
Ans. (b) M = 20

7. Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an expression for the total
magnification when the final image is formed at the near point. In a compound microscope, an object is
placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the objective of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eye piece has a focal length
of 5 cm and the final image is formed at the near point, estimate the magnifying power of the microscope.
Ans. M = 30

8. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image in an astronomical telescope for a distant
object.
(ii) Write three distinct advantages of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting type telescope.
Ans. (ii) Drawbacks:
• Images formed by these telescopes have chromatic aberrations.
• Lesser resolving power.
• The image formed is inverted and faintes.
9. (i) A giant refracting telescope has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If an eye piece of focal length
1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the telescope?
(ii) If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon formed by
the objective lens? The diameter of the moon is 3.48 × 106 m and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 × 108 m.
Ans. Angular magnification = 1500
Length of eye piece = 13.7 cm
10. A compound microscope uses an objective lens of focal length 4 cm and eyepiece lens of focal length 10
cm. An object is placed at 6 cm from the objective lens. Calculate the magnifying power of the compound
microscope. Also calculate the length of the microscope.
Ans. Magnifying power (m) = -7
Negative sign shows that image is inverted
Length of the microscope = 19.14 cm
 Wave Optics
Most Important Questions
11. (a) Define wavefront. Use Huygen’s principle to verify the laws of refraction.

12. (a) Define a wavefront. How is it different from a ray?

(b) Depict the shape of a wavefront in each of the following cases.
(i) Light diverging from point source.
(ii) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its focus.
(iii) Using Huygen’s construction of secondary wavelets, draw a diagram showing the passage of a plane
wavefront from a denser into a rarer medium.

13. A plane wavefront is incident at an angle of incidence i on a reflecting surface. Draw a diagram showing
incident wavefront, reflected wavefront and verify the laws of reflection.

14. Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction taking
place at a single slit of aperture 2 × 10-6 m. The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate
the separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.
Ans. 6.75 × 10-3 m = 6.75 mm

15. The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in the Young’s double slit experiment is 9:25. Find
the ratio of the widths of the two slits.
Ans. Ratio = 16:1
16. A beam of light consisting of two wave lengths, 800 nm and 600 nm is used to obtain the interference
fringes in a Young’s double slit experiment on a screen placed 1.4 m away. If the two slits are separated
by 0.28 mm, calculate the least distance from the central bright maximum where the bright fringes of the
two wavelengths coincide.
Ans. x = 1.2 × 10-1 m

17. (a) Explain two features to distinguish between the interference pattern in Young’s double slit experiment
with the diffraction pattern obtained due to a single slit.
(b) A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a single slit of width 0.2 mm to
produce a diffraction pattern. Find the angular width of the central maximum obtained on the screen.
Estimate the number of fringes obtained in Young’s double slit experiment with fringe width 0.5 mm,
which can be accommodated within the region of total angular spread of the central maximum due to
single slit.
Ans. Angular width of central maximum = 5 × 10-3 radian
𝟐𝐝
Number of fringes (n) = 𝒂

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