Mathematics 9

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 7
Laws of Exponents
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 7: Laws of Exponents
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 7
Laws of Exponents
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Laws of

Exponents!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self–learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self–
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Laws of

Exponents!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self–learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Simplify expressions with positive integral exponents to zero and negative

exponents.
2. Perform operations on expressions with positive integral exponents to zero and
negative exponents.
3. Apply the laws involving positive integral exponents to zero and negative
exponents.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and encircle the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. What is the factor of 2x2?

A. 2 • x C. x2 • x2
B. 2 • x • x D. 2 • 2 • x

2. Simplify (5x)2(2x).
A. 20x2 C. 50x2
B. 20x3 D. 50x3

𝑚3
3. What is the simplest form of ?
𝑚3
A. 𝑚0 C. 1
B. m D. 0

4. Perform the indicated operation (3x2)2(4x5)2

A. 48𝑥 11 C. 144𝑥 11

B. 48𝑥 14 D. 144𝑥 14

8𝑎−2 𝑏 −5
5. What is the lowest term of the expression
20𝑎−3 𝑏 2
8𝑎 2𝑎
A. C.
20𝑏 7 5𝑏 7

4𝑎5 2𝑎5
B. D.
10𝑏 7 5𝑏 7
 RECAP
Direction: Write the following expressions in an exponential form.:
1. 5•5•5 6. 2xxxyy + 3•3•3zzzz

2. a•a•a•a 7. eegg + hhh – 5•5

3. 2•2•a•a•b•b•b 8. (x + 2y)(x + 2y)(x + 2y)

4. (ab)(ab) 9. (abc3)(abc3) – (a3bc)(a3bc)

5. (3x2)(3x2)(3x2) 10. (a2 – b3)(a2 – b3)(a2 + b3)

LESSON

Expressions that are multiplied by itself can be expressed using exponents. In

symbol,
ab = a • a • a • . . . • a • a • a

b factors
where a is the base and b is a positive integral exponent. A positive integral exponent
denotes a positive integer as an exponent.
In simplifying expression using exponents, some rules are needed to be
followed:
Product of a Power Rule
To multiply powers of the same base, keep the base and add the exponents.
ab • ac = a(b + c)

Examples: Simplify each expression.

1. a8 • a2 2. x5 • x2 • 2x 3. 32 • 3x
Solution:
1. a8 • a2 2. x5 • x2 • 2x 3. 32 • 3x
= a(8 + 2) = 2x(5 + 2 + 1) = 3(2 + x)
= a10 = 2x8 = 3(2 + x)
Power of a Power Rule
To find the power of a power of a base, keep the base and multiply the
exponents.
(ab)c = abc
Examples: Simplify each expression.
1. (x6)3 2. (a5)2(a2)4 3. (3a3b2)2
Solution:
1. (x6)3 2. (a5)2(a2)4 3. (3a3b2)2
=x (6)(3) = a(5)(2) a(2)(4) = 3(1)(2) a(3)(2) b(2)(2)
= x18 = (a10)(a8) = 32a6b4
= a18 = 9a6b4

Power of a Product Rule

To find the power of a product, find the power of each factor and multiply.
(ab)c = acbc
Examples: Simplify each expression.
1. (5a)3 2. (-3ab)4 3. (-2abc)5
Solution:
1. (5a)3 2. (-3ab)4 3. (-2abc)5
= 5(1)(3))a(1)(3) = (-3)(1)(4) a(1)(4)b(1)(4) = (-2)(1)(5) a(1)(5) b(1)(5)c(1)(5)
= 53a3 = (-3)4a4b4 = (-2)5a5b5c5
= 125a3 = 814a4b4 = -32a5b5c5

Quotient Rule
For every integer b and c and a ≠ 0.
𝒂𝒃
= 𝒂𝒃−𝒄
𝒂𝒄
Examples: Simplify each expression.
𝑎8 𝑎7 6𝑎10 𝑏 6 42 𝑎5 𝑏 8
1. 2. 3. 4.
𝑎5 𝑎6 4𝑎5 𝑏 3 33 𝑐 3

Solution:
𝑎8 𝑎7 6𝑎10 𝑏 6 42 𝑎5 𝑏 8
1. 2. 3. 4.
𝑎5 𝑎6 4𝑎5 𝑏 3 33 𝑐 3
3 16𝑎5 𝑏 8
= a(8 – 5) = a(7 – 6) = a(10 – 5)b(6 – 3) =
2 27𝑐 3
𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝒂𝟓 𝒃𝟖
= a3 =a = a5b3 =
𝟐 𝟐𝟕𝒄𝟑

Power of a Quotient Rule

For every integer c , x and y, and b and n ≠ 0.
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂𝒄 𝒎𝒙 𝒑 𝒎𝒑𝒙
( ) = 𝒄, ( 𝒚 ) = 𝒑𝒚
𝒃 𝒃 𝒏 𝒏
Examples: Simplify each expression.
3 2
𝑛 2 22 4𝑎3 𝑏 4
1. ( ) 2. ( 3 ) 3. ( )
𝑚 𝑎 2𝑎2 𝑏 2

Solution:
2
𝑛 2 22
3 4𝑎3 𝑏4
1. ( ) 2. ( 3 ) 3. ( )
𝑚 𝑎 2𝑎2 𝑏 2

𝑛(1)(2) 2(2)(3) 4 (1)(2) 𝑎(3)(2) 𝑏(4)(2)

= = =
𝑚(1)(2) 𝑎(3)(3) 2(1)(2) 𝑎(2)(2) 𝑏(2)(2)

𝒏𝟐 26 42 𝑎6 𝑏8
= = =
𝒎𝟐 𝑎9 22 𝑎 4 𝑏 4
𝟔𝟒 16
= = 𝑎6−4 𝑏 8−4
𝒂𝟗 4

= 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟒
Zero and Negative Exponents
Exponents also have zero and negative integral exponents. An expression
raised to zero is equal to 1. In symbol,
a0 = 1, where a ≠ 0
on the other hand, if an expression is raised to a negative exponent then it follows
that;
𝟏
𝒂−𝒃 =
𝒂𝒃

where a is an expression not equal to 0 and b is a positive integer.

Examples: Simplify each expression.
ℎ9 𝑘5 40 𝑎−5 𝑏 −8
1. (-5ab3)0 2.6m-4n-1 3. 4. 5.
ℎ9 𝑘7 3𝑐 −3

Solution:
ℎ9 𝑘5 40 𝑎−5 𝑏 −8
1. (-5ab3)0 2.6m-4n-1 3. 4. 5.
ℎ9 𝑘7 3𝑐 −3
𝟔 𝟏𝒄𝟑
=1 = = ℎ9−9 = 𝑘 5−7 =
𝒎𝟒 𝒏 𝟑𝒂𝟓 𝒃𝟖

= ℎ0 = 𝑘 −2
𝟏
=1 =
𝒌𝟐

Fun Fact…
The expression 00 and 0
0
are called indeterminate.
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Simplify each expression.

1. a2 • a2 • a3 2. 8 • -4x • x5

3. 3x2(-4xy2) 4. –b • 5bc • b2c2

5. 4a • 4b 6. (b4)2

7. (-22)3 8. (2ab)2

9. (x3)3 • x4 10. (ab2)3 • (2a2b3)2

11. (ab)x • (ab)y 12. (a2b3)x • (3a3b2)y

𝑥8 34
13. 14.
𝑥4 32

24𝑎3 𝑚2𝑥
15. 16.
64𝑎2 𝑚𝑥

5𝑧 𝑎 −36𝑥 3 𝑦 4 𝑧
17. 18.
𝑧 3𝑎 −4𝑥𝑦 7 𝑧 3

(3𝑥 4 )(2𝑥 5 ) 1 2
19. (6𝑥 3 )2
20. ( a2b3)4 • (- a3b2)3
2 3

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Simplify the following.

1. (45𝑥 6 )0 2. 3𝑥 −2 𝑦 −5 𝑧 0

3. (4𝑎2 𝑏 6 )−3 4. (−2𝑚−4 𝑛6 )−4

4𝑔5 ℎ −6
5. (8𝑚3 𝑛−3 )(2𝑚𝑛−2 )−2 6.
10𝑔5

−2
25𝑦 −4 𝑧 −12 2𝑎3 𝑏 −3
7. 8. ( )
15𝑥𝑦 −6 3𝑐 −3

−2 −2
18𝑠 5𝑥 2 𝑦 5 625𝑥 9
9. (24𝑝2 𝑞 3 𝑠 −4 ) ( −4 ) 10. ( −5 )
( )
𝑝5 𝑞 4𝑧 𝑦 −4 𝑧 −2

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Explain your answer.

1. Is 2g7 = (2g)7?

2. Is –x4 = (-x)4?

3. Is 36x0 = 0?
 WRAP-UP

In this lesson, you have learned about the different laws of exponents. Read
each statement under the column STATEMENT then write A if you agree with the
statement; otherwise, write D. Write your answer on the RESPONSE column.

STATEMENT RESPONSE

1. Any number raised to zero is equal to

one(1).

2. An expression with a negative

exponent CANNOT be written as an
expression with a positive exponent.

1
3. 2−3 is equal to .
8

4. Raising a number to a negative

exponent will result to a negative
number.

1 −2
5. ( ) =9
3

6. 304-2 = 16

1
7. (32𝑥 3 𝑦 5 )−2
may be written as (32𝑥 3 𝑦 5 )2
where x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0

8. An expression whose base and

exponent are both equal to zero is said
to be indeterminate.

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

In our current state, a Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) spreads

throughout the world and declared pandemic by the WHO. What do you think is the
extent exponentially if we exposed ourselves in the virus? Write your answer in your
notebook.
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and encircle the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. What is the factor of (2x + 5)2?

A. (2x +5) C. 2•x•5

B. 2x•5 D. 2•x•5•2

2. Simplify (3x2)2(2x3)3.

A. 36x10 C. 72x10

B. 36x13 D. 72x13

0
4𝑎2 𝑏
3. What is the simplest form of the expression ( ) ?
2𝑎𝑏 3

2𝑎2
A. C. 1
𝑏2

B. 2𝑎𝑏 −2 D. 0

2
6𝑥 4 𝑦
4. Perform the indicated operation: (2x2)0 • ( )
3𝑥𝑦

A. 4x10 C. 2x10

B. 4x6 D. 2x6
−2
−2𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 3
5. What is the lowest term of the expression ( )
3𝑥𝑦𝑧 3

2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 6 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 6
A. − C. −
3𝑎4 𝑏 2 𝑐 6 2𝑎4 𝑏 2 𝑐 6

3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 6 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 6
B. D.
2𝑎4 𝑏 2 𝑐 6 4𝑎4 𝑏 2 𝑐 6
 POST TEST
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
1. No. 2. No. 3. No.
(2g)7 = 27g7 -x4 ≠ (-x)4 36(x)0 ≠ 0
= 128g7 - (x)(x)(x)(x)≠(-x)(-x)(-x)(-x) 36(1) ≠ 0
2g7 ≠ 128g7 -x4 ≠ x4 36 ≠ 0
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING1
2
1. 1 6.
5ℎ6
3 5𝑦 2
2. 7.
𝑥 2𝑦5 3𝑥𝑧 12
1 9𝑏 6
3. 8.
64𝑎6 𝑏 18 4𝑎6 𝑐 6
𝑚16 2𝑝12
4. 9.
16𝑛24 27𝑞 5 𝑠 6
400𝑥 5
5. 2mn 10.
𝑦6 𝑧 8
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE
1. a7 6. b8 11. a(x + y)b(x + y) 16. mx
5
2. -32x6 7. 32 12. 3ya(2x + 3y)b(2x + 3y) 17.
𝑧 2𝑎
9𝑥 2
3. -12x3y2 8. 4a2b2 13. x4 18.
𝑦3 𝑧 2
𝑥3
4. -5b4c3 9. x13 14. 9 19.
6
3𝑎 𝑎17 𝑏 18
5. 4(a + b) 10. 4a7b12 15. 20.-
8 54
RECAP
1. 53 4. (ab)2 7. e2g2 + h2 – 52 10. (a2 – b3)2(a2 + b3)
2. a4 5. (3x)3 8. (x + 2y)3
3. 22a2b3 6. 2x3y + 33z4 9. (abc3)2 – (a3bc)2
PRETEST
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

BOOKS:

Alferez, Merle S. and Ma. Cecilia A. Duro. MSA Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City:
MSA Publishing House, 2007.

Bryant, Merden L., Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry D., De
Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Gilda T. and Sonia E. Javier. et al. Mathematics
Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2014.

Covar, Melanie M. and Rita May L.Fetalvero. Real World Mathematics Intermediate
Algebra. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc, 2010.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. Exploring Mathematics Elementery

Algebra. First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2003.